什么是(shi)靜電涂料 靜電塑粉的工作原理(li)

一、什么是防靜電涂料

導(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的名稱，有(you)抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和防(fang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，以國家制訂的一(yi)系(xi)列標準(zhun)，采用導(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，從工業(ye)建筑及設備設計采用導(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，從涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的功能(neng)分析，涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)能(neng)在(zai)10－2秒的短(duan)時間內，導(dao)泄靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓積蓄(xu)，避(bi)免產生放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引起(qi)火警或(huo)破壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件的事故(gu)，而靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的產生與積蓄(xu)是(shi)自然界客觀存在(zai)，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)抵(di)抗(kang)的的技(ji)能(neng)，用于織物的沒(mei)(mei)有(you)測定過導(dao)泄的理論的防(fang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑產品(pin)，能(neng)防(fang)止服裝(zhuang)在(zai)穿著(zhu)過程中靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的積累。

二、防靜電涂料工作原理

工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時靜電(dian)(dian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)涂(tu)的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍或噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)杯(bei)部(bu)分接(jie)負極，工(gong)件接(jie)正極并(bing)接(jie)地， 在(zai)高(gao)壓靜電(dian)(dian)發生(sheng)器的(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用下，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍（或噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)盤(pan)、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)杯(bei)）的(de)(de)端部(bu)與(yu)工(gong)件之間就形成一個(ge)靜電(dian)(dian)場(chang)。涂(tu)料微(wei)粒所受到的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)力與(yu)靜電(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓主和(he)涂(tu)料微(wei)粒的(de)(de)帶電(dian)(dian)量成正比，而與(yu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍和(he)工(gong)件間的(de)(de)距離(li)成反比，當電(dian)(dian)壓足夠高(gao)時，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍端部(bu)附近(jin)區域形成空(kong)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)離(li)區，空(kong)氣(qi)激烈地離(li)子化和(he)發熱，使噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)槍端部(bu)銳邊或極針周圍形成一個(ge)暗(an)紅色的(de)(de)暈(yun)圈，在(zai)黑暗(an)中能明(ming)顯看見，這時空(kong)氣(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)強烈的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)。

涂料(liao)中的(de)成(cheng)膜物(wu)即樹脂(zhi)和(he)顏料(liao)等(deng)大(da)多(duo)數是(shi)由高分(fen)子(zi)有機(ji)化合物(wu)組成(cheng)，多(duo)成(cheng)為(wei)導電的(de)電介質，溶(rong)劑(ji)形涂料(liao)除成(cheng)膜物(wu)外還有有機(ji)溶(rong)劑(ji)、助溶(rong)劑(ji)、固化劑(ji)、靜電稀釋劑(ji)、及(ji)其他(ta)各類添加劑(ji)等(deng)物(wu)質。

這(zhe)類(lei)溶(rong)劑(ji)性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)除了(le)苯、二甲苯、溶(rong)劑(ji)汽油等，大(da)多是極(ji)性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)阻率較低，有一定的導電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力，它(ta)們能(neng)(neng)提高涂料的帶電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的分子(zi)結構可(ke)分為(wei)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)分子(zi)和非極(ji)性(xing)(xing)分子(zi)二種。極(ji)性(xing)(xing)分子(zi)組(zu)成的電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)受外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)用時(shi)，顯(xian)示出(chu)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)；非極(ji)性(xing)(xing)分子(zi)組(zu)成的電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)用下，顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)，從而對外來的導性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)荷產生親合力，使電(dian)(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)場中其外表面能(neng)(neng)局部帶電(dian)(dian)。

涂料經噴嘴霧化后(hou)噴出(chu)，被霧化的(de)涂料微粒(li)通(tong)過槍口(kou)的(de)極針或(huo)噴盤、噴杯的(de)邊緣時因接觸而帶電，當經過電暈放電所產生的(de)氣體電離區(qu)時，將再一次增加其表面電荷密度。這些帶負電荷的(de)涂料微粒(li)的(de)靜電場作(zuo)用下，向(xiang)導極性的(de)工(gong)件表面運動，并被沉(chen)積在(zai)工(gong)件表面上形成(cheng)均(jun)勻的(de)涂膜(mo)。