開關電源是利(li)用(yong)現(xian)代電(dian)力電(dian)子技(ji)(ji)術,控制(zhi)開(kai)關晶體管開(kai)通(tong)和關斷的時間比(bi)率,維持穩定輸出電(dian)壓的一種電(dian)源(yuan)。廣泛運用(yong)在(zai)工業、軍(jun)事(shi)、科研、通(tong)訊、醫療及多種家用(yong)電(dian)器中。開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)的發展與應用(yong)在(zai)節(jie)約能源(yuan)、節(jie)約資源(yuan)及保護環境(jing)方(fang)面(mian)都具有重要的意義。下面(mian)我(wo)們就(jiu)來看(kan)看(kan)開(kai)關電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路圖與維修(xiu)技(ji)(ji)巧。
開(kai)關電(dian)源的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)電(dian)路是由輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)磁(ci)干擾(rao)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)器(EMI)、整流濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)電(dian)路、功率變換電(dian)路、PWM控制器電(dian)路、輸(shu)(shu)出整流濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)電(dian)路組成。輔助電(dian)路有輸(shu)(shu)入過(guo)欠壓保(bao)護電(dian)路、輸(shu)(shu)出過(guo)欠壓保(bao)護電(dian)路、輸(shu)(shu)出過(guo)流保(bao)護電(dian)路、輸(shu)(shu)出短(duan)路保(bao)護電(dian)路等。
通電(dian)后觀察電(dian)源是否有燒保險及個(ge)別元件(jian)冒煙等現象,若有要(yao)及時切(qie)斷(duan)供電(dian)進(jin)行檢修。
測量高壓濾波電容(rong)兩端有無300伏輸出,若(ruo)無應重點(dian)查整流二極管、濾波電容(rong)等。
測量高頻變壓器(qi)次級線圈有無(wu)輸出,若無(wu)應重(zhong)點查開(kai)關管(guan)是否(fou)(fou)損壞,是否(fou)(fou)起振,保護(hu)電路(lu)是否(fou)(fou)動作等,若有則(ze)應重(zhong)點檢查各輸出側(ce)的(de)整流二極管(guan)、濾(lv)波電容、三通穩壓管(guan)等。
如果電(dian)源(yuan)啟動(dong)一下就停止,則該電(dian)源(yuan)處于保護(hu)狀態(tai)下,可直接測量PWM芯片(pian)保護(hu)輸入腳(jiao)的電(dian)壓,如果電(dian)壓超出(chu)規定(ding)值,則說明電(dian)源(yuan)處于保護(hu)狀態(tai)下,應重點檢(jian)查產(chan)生保護(hu)的原因。
總之,開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路有(you)易有(you)難(nan),功(gong)率有(you)大有(you)小,輸出電(dian)(dian)壓多種(zhong)多樣。只要(yao)按照上(shang)述維(wei)修技(ji)巧,多動(dong)手(shou)進(jin)行開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的維(wei)修,就能迅速地排除開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)故障,達(da)到事(shi)半(ban)功(gong)倍的效果。
看(kan):打開(kai)電(dian)源的(de)外殼,檢查保(bao)險絲是否熔斷,再觀察電(dian)源的(de)內部情況,如果發現電(dian)源的(de)PCB板上有燒焦(jiao)處(chu)或(huo)元(yuan)件破(po)裂,則應重點檢查此處(chu)元(yuan)件及(ji)相關電(dian)路元(yuan)件。
聞(wen):聞(wen)一下電源內部(bu)是否(fou)有糊味,檢查是否(fou)有燒焦的元器件。
問:問一(yi)下電源損壞的經過,是否對電源進行(xing)違(wei)規操作。
量:沒(mei)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前,用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表量一(yi)下高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)先。如(ru)果是開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源不(bu)起振或開關(guan)管開路(lu)引起的(de)(de)(de)故障,則大多數情(qing)況(kuang)下,高壓(ya)(ya)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)未泄(xie)放(fang)悼(dao),用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表測量AC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)正反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況(kuang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值不(bu)應(ying)過低,否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源內部可(ke)能存在短路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器應(ying)能充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。脫開負載(zai),分別(bie)測量各組(zu)輸出端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),正常時,表針應(ying)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擺動,最(zui)后指示的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)為該路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值。
一般情況(kuang)下,保險絲熔斷說明開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)內部電(dian)路(lu)存在短路(lu)或(huo)過流的(de)故障。由于開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)工(gong)(gong)作在高(gao)電(dian)壓,大(da)電(dian)流的(de)狀態下,直流濾波(bo)和變換振(zhen)蕩電(dian)路(lu)在高(gao)壓狀態工(gong)(gong)作時間(jian)太長,電(dian)壓變化相對大(da)。電(dian)網電(dian)壓的(de)波(bo)動,浪涌(yong)都會引起電(dian)源(yuan)內電(dian)流瞬(shun)間(jian)增(zeng)大(da)而使保險絲熔斷。重點應檢(jian)查電(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)入端(duan)的(de)整流二極管(guan),高(gao)壓濾波(bo)電(dian)解電(dian)容,開(kai)關(guan)功率管(guan),UC3842本身及(ji)外圍元器件(jian)等。檢(jian)查一下這些元器件(jian)有無擊穿,開(kai)路(lu),損壞,燒(shao)焦,炸裂(lie)等現象。
維修(xiu)方法(fa):首先(xian)仔細查(cha)(cha)看(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路板上(shang)面的(de)(de)各個(ge)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian),看(kan)是(shi)(shi)否在這些元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)外表有沒(mei)有被(bei)燒(shao)糊,有沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液溢出,聞一(yi)(yi)聞有沒(mei)有異(yi)味(wei)。經看(kan),聞之后,再(zai)(zai)用萬用表進行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)。首先(xian)測(ce)量一(yi)(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸入端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi),若小于200K,則說明(ming)后端有局(ju)部短(duan)(duan)路現象,然(ran)后分別測(ce)量四(si)只整流二極管正(zheng),反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和兩個(ge)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi),看(kan)其有無短(duan)(duan)路或燒(shao)壞;然(ran)后再(zai)(zai)測(ce)量一(yi)(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)(shi)否能進行(xing)正(zheng)常充放電(dian)(dian)(dian),再(zai)(zai)就(jiu)測(ce)量一(yi)(yi)下(xia)開關功率管是(shi)(shi)否擊穿(chuan)損(sun)壞,以及UC3842本身,及周(zhou)圍元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)否擊穿(chuan),燒(shao)壞等(deng)。需要說明(ming)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)點是(shi)(shi):因(yin)是(shi)(shi)在路測(ce)量,有可(ke)(ke)能會使測(ce)量結果有誤(wu)(wu),造成誤(wu)(wu)判(pan)。因(yin)此必(bi)要時可(ke)(ke)把元(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)焊下(xia)來(lai)再(zai)(zai)進行(xing)測(ce)量。如果仍然(ran)沒(mei)有上(shang)述(shu)情(qing)況則測(ce)量一(yi)(yi)下(xia)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線及輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線是(shi)(shi)否內部短(duan)(duan)路。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下(xia),熔斷(duan)器熔斷(duan)故障,整流二極管,電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong),開關功率管,UC3842是(shi)(shi)易損(sun)件(jian),損(sun)壞的(de)(de)概率可(ke)(ke)達95%以上(shang),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)著(zhu)重檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)下(xia)這些元(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian),就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)很容(rong)易排除此類故障。
如果保險絲是完好的,在(zai)有負(fu)載(zai)的情況(kuang)下,各級直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)無輸出(chu)。這(zhe)種情況(kuang)主要是以下原因造成的:電(dian)源(yuan)中出(chu)現開路(lu),短路(lu)現象,過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya),過(guo)(guo)流(liu)保護電(dian)路(lu)出(chu)現故障(zhang),振蕩電(dian)路(lu)沒(mei)有工(gong)作,電(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)載(zai)過(guo)(guo)重,高頻整流(liu)濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)路(lu)中整流(liu)二極管(guan)被擊(ji)穿,濾(lv)波(bo)電(dian)容漏(lou)電(dian)等。
維修方法:首(shou)先,用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)測(ce)量一下高頻(pin)(pin)變壓(ya)器(qi)次(ci)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)各個元(yuan)器(qi)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)有損壞。在(zai)排除了(le)高頻(pin)(pin)整(zheng)流二極管(guan)擊穿(chuan)、負載短路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)情況后,然后在(zai)測(ce)量各輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)壓(ya),如果這時輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)仍(reng)為零,則可以肯(ken)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)(chu)了(le)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。控制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)兩部分是(shi)(shi)(shi)集成開關電(dian)源控制(zhi)器(qi)和(he)過(guo)壓(ya)保(bao)護電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。最后用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)靜態測(ce)量高頻(pin)(pin)濾波電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中整(zheng)流二極管(guan)及(ji)低壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)損壞。如果確(que)實(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)件損壞,在(zai)更換(huan)好(hao)新的(de)(de)(de)完(wan)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)件后,開機測(ce)試(shi),一般(ban)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)即可排除。需要說明的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi):電(dian)源輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)線(xian)斷線(xian)或開焊(han),虛(xu)焊(han)也會造成這種故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。在(zai)維修時應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)這一點。
電(dian)源負載(zai)能力差是(shi)(shi)一個常見(jian)的(de)(de)故障,一般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)出現在老(lao)式或(huo)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間長的(de)(de)電(dian)源中,主要原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)各元器件老(lao)化(hua),開關管(guan)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)不穩(wen)(wen)定,沒有及時(shi)進行散(san)熱等。此外還(huan)有穩(wen)(wen)壓二(er)極管(guan)發熱漏電(dian),整(zheng)流(liu)二(er)極管(guan)損壞等。
維修方法:用(yong)萬用(yong)表著重檢查一(yi)下穩(wen)壓二極管,高壓濾波電容,限流電阻有無變(bian)質等再仔細(xi)檢查一(yi)下電路板上(shang)的(de)所有焊(han)點(dian)是(shi)否開焊(han),虛(xu)接等。把開焊(han)的(de)焊(han)點(dian)重新焊(han)牢(lao),更換變(bian)質的(de)元器(qi)件,一(yi)般故障即(ji)可排除。
這種現象說(shuo)明開關(guan)電源未工作,或者(zhe)工作后進入了保護狀(zhuang)態。
維(wei)修方法(fa):首先應判斷(duan)(duan)一下(xia)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)控(kong)芯(xin)片(pian)UC3842是否處在(zai)工作狀態(tai)或(huo)(huo)已經損(sun)壞(huai)。判斷(duan)(duan)方法(fa)是這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de):加電(dian)(dian)(dian)測UC3842的(de)(de)第7腳(jiao)對地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,若(ruo)測第8腳(jiao)有+5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,1,2,4,6腳(jiao)也有不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,則說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)路已起振,UC3842基本正常(chang);若(ruo)7腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低,其余管(guan)腳(jiao)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)(huo)不(bu)波動(dong),則UC3842已損(sun)壞(huai)。UC3842芯(xin)片(pian)損(sun)壞(huai)最常(chang)見的(de)(de)是6,7腳(jiao)對地(di)擊穿,5,7腳(jiao)對地(di)擊穿和1,7腳(jiao)對地(di)擊穿。如果這(zhe)幾只腳(jiao)都為擊穿,而(er)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)還是不(bu)能(neng)正常(chang)啟(qi)動(dong),則UC3842必(bi)壞(huai),應直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)更(geng)換。若(ruo)判斷(duan)(duan)芯(xin)片(pian)未(wei)壞(huai),則就(jiu)著重檢(jian)查開(kai)關(guan)功率管(guan)的(de)(de)柵極(ji)(G極(ji))的(de)(de)限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是否開(kai)焊,虛(xu)接(jie)(jie),變值(zhi),變質以及開(kai)關(guan)功率管(guan)本身是否性能(neng)不(bu)良。除此之外,電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出線也有可能(neng)斷(duan)(duan)線或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)良也會造成這(zhe)種故障。因(yin)此在(zai)維(wei)修時也應注意檢(jian)查一下(xia)。
這種故(gu)障(zhang)往(wang)往(wang)來(lai)自(zi)于穩壓(ya)取樣(yang)(yang)和穩壓(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)出現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)所致(zhi)。在開關電(dian)源(yuan)中,直流輸出、取樣(yang)(yang)電(dian)阻、誤差(cha)取樣(yang)(yang)放大器(qi)(如LM324,LM358等)、光耦合器(qi)(PC817)、電(dian)源(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)芯片(UC3842)等電(dian)路(lu)共同構成了一個閉合的控(kong)制(zhi)環路(lu),任何一處(chu)出問題都會導(dao)致(zhi)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高。
維(wei)修方法:由于開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中有過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu),輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)高(gao)首先會(hui)使過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)動作(zuo)。因此對于這種故障的(de)維(wei)修,我們可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)斷開(kai)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu),使過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不起作(zuo)用(yong),在這時,測量開(kai)機(ji)瞬間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。如果測量值比正常值高(gao)出IV以上,說明輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)高(gao)。我們應著重檢(jian)查取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是(shi)否(fou)變值或(huo)損壞,精(jing)密(mi)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(qi)(TL431)或(huo)光耦(ou)合(he)器(qi)(PC817)性能不良,變質或(huo)損壞;其中精(jing)密(mi)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(qi)(TL431)極(ji)易損壞,我們可(ke)(ke)用(yong)下述方法對精(jing)密(mi)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)大器(qi)(TL431)作(zuo)出好(hao)壞的(de)判別:將TL431的(de)參考端(Ref)與它的(de)陰(yin)極(ji)(Cathode)相連,串10k的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),接入(ru)5V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya),若(ruo)陽極(ji)(Anode)與陰(yin)極(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)為2、5V,并且等待片(pian)刻(ke)還仍然為2、5V,則(ze)為好(hao)管,否(fou)則(ze)為壞管。
對于這種故障現象,根據維(wei)修經(jing)驗可知,除穩壓控制電路(lu)會引起輸出電壓過低外,還有一(yi)些原(yuan)因會引起輸出電壓過低,主要有以下幾點(dian):
① 開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有短路(lu)(lu)故(gu)(gu)障。此時,應斷(duan)開(kai)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的所有負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),以區分(fen)是(shi)開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)還是(shi)負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)有故(gu)(gu)障。若斷(duan)開(kai)負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓輸(shu)出正常,說明是(shi)負載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過重;若仍不正常,說明開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)有故(gu)(gu)障。
② 輸出電壓(ya)端整流二極管(guan)、濾波電容(rong)失效等,可以(yi)通(tong)過代(dai)換(huan)法(fa)進行判斷。
③ 開關功(gong)率管(guan)的性能下(xia)(xia)降,必然導致開關管(guan)不能正常導通(tong),使(shi)電源的內阻增加,帶負(fu)載能力(li)下(xia)(xia)降。
④ 開關(guan)功率管的(de)源極(ji)(S極(ji)),通(tong)常接(jie)一(yi)個阻(zu)值(zhi)很(hen)小,但功率很(hen)大的(de)電(dian)阻(zu),作(zuo)為過流(liu)保護(hu)檢測電(dian)阻(zu),此電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)一(yi)般在0.2到0.8之間。此電(dian)阻(zu)如變值(zhi)或開焊,接(jie)觸不(bu)良也會造成輸出電(dian)壓過低的(de)故障。
高頻(pin)變壓器不(bu)(bu)良,不(bu)(bu)但造(zao)成輸出電壓下降,還會造(zao)成開(kai)關功率(lv)管(guan)激勵(li)不(bu)(bu)足從而(er)屢損(sun)開(kai)關管(guan)。
⑤ 高壓直流濾波電容(rong)不良,造成電源帶負載能力差,一接負載輸出電壓便下降(jiang)。
⑥ 電源(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)線接(jie)觸(chu)不良,有一定的接(jie)觸(chu)電阻,造(zao)成輸(shu)出(chu)電壓過低(di)。
⑦ 電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓是否過低(di)。雖然開關電(dian)(dian)源在低(di)壓下仍然可以(yi)輸(shu)出額定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi),但當電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于開關電(dian)(dian)源的最低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓限定(ding)值(zhi)時,也會使輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)。
維(wei)修方法:對于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)故障我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)根據(ju)以(yi)上故障原因(yin),來逐一(yi)(yi)進行排查。但在實際(ji)(ji)(ji)維(wei)修時,可(ke)根據(ju)實際(ji)(ji)(ji)情況來進行排查,不(bu)一(yi)(yi)定要逐一(yi)(yi)排查。首先用(yong)(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)檢查一(yi)(yi)下(xia)高(gao)壓直流(liu)(liu)濾波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)否(fou)變(bian)質,容(rong)量是(shi)否(fou)下(xia)降,能(neng)否(fou)正常(chang)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。如(ru)無(wu)以(yi)上現(xian)象,則測量一(yi)(yi)下(xia)開關功率(lv)管(guan)的(de)(de)柵極(G極)的(de)(de)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)及源(yuan)(yuan)極(S極)的(de)(de)過流(liu)(liu)保護檢測電(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)否(fou)變(bian)值,變(bian)質或(huo)開焊,接(jie)觸不(bu)良。經判別后,若無(wu)問題,我(wo)們(men)就檢查一(yi)(yi)下(xia)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)是(shi)否(fou)完(wan)好無(wu)損(sun)(sun)。因(yin)在日常(chang)生活(huo)使用(yong)(yong)中,不(bu)可(ke)避免的(de)(de)重(zhong)摔或(huo)重(zhong)幢,使高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)損(sun)(sun)壞。使高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓器的(de)(de)磁(ci)通量,磁(ci)感應強(qiang)度,以(yi)及磁(ci)路(lu)等都會(hui)(hui)受到很大(da)的(de)(de)影響,造成傳(chuan)輸(shu)的(de)(de)效率(lv),能(neng)量將會(hui)(hui)大(da)打折(zhe)扣(kou)。由(you)于(yu)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓器為了減小渦流(liu)(liu),增大(da)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)效率(lv),它(ta)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)磁(ci)鐵(tie)(tie)氧(yang)體制(zhi)作而(er)成的(de)(de)。這(zhe)種(zhong)磁(ci)性材料具有(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)導磁(ci)率(lv),但質脆,易(yi)碎。因(yin)此它(ta)的(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)壞率(lv)也是(shi)很高(gao)的(de)(de)。因(yin)此在維(wei)修時千萬(wan)不(bu)要忘了檢查此處,以(yi)免走彎路(lu)。除此之外(wai)還有(you)可(ke)能(neng)就是(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)濾波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量降低,甚至失容(rong)或(huo)開焊,虛(xu)接(jie);電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻變(bian)值或(huo)虛(xu)接(jie),電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)線(xian)虛(xu)接(jie)等。在實際(ji)(ji)(ji)維(wei)修時,這(zhe)些因(yin)素都不(bu)要放(fang)過,都應檢查一(yi)(yi)下(xia),以(yi)保證萬(wan)無(wu)一(yi)(yi)失。
這種故障原因主要是由于控制風扇(shan)的(de)三極(ji)管(8550或(huo)8050)損(sun)壞,或(huo)者風扇(shan)本身損(sun)壞或(huo)風葉被雜物卡(ka)住。但有些開關電(dian)源中采用的(de)是智能(neng)散熱(re),對于采用這種方式散熱(re)的(de)開關電(dian)源,熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻損(sun)壞的(de)概(gai)率是很大的(de)。
維修方法:首先用萬(wan)用表測量(liang)一(yi)下(xia)控(kong)制風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)三極管是(shi)(shi)(shi)否損(sun)壞(huai),若(ruo)測得此管未損(sun)壞(huai)那就有(you)(you)可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)本(ben)身損(sun)壞(huai)。可以(yi)把(ba)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)從電(dian)路(lu)板上拔下(xia)來,另外接上一(yi)個12V的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(注意正負極),看是(shi)(shi)(shi)否轉(zhuan)動,并看有(you)(you)無異(yi)物卡住。若(ruo)擺動幾下(xia)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian),風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)就轉(zhuan)動,則說明電(dian)線(xian)內部有(you)(you)斷線(xian)或接頭接觸不(bu)良(liang)。若(ruo)仍不(bu)轉(zhuan)動,則風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)必壞(huai)。對于采用智能(neng)(neng)散熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)電(dian)源來說,除按上述檢查外,還應檢查一(yi)下(xia)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻是(shi)(shi)(shi)否不(bu)良(liang)或損(sun)壞(huai),開焊等。但要注意此熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻為負溫度系數的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)阻,更(geng)換(huan)時應注意。