一、輪轂電機有哪些優點

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1、省略大量傳動部件，讓車輛結構更簡單

對于(yu)傳(chuan)統車輛(liang)來說，離(li)合器(qi)(qi)、變速器(qi)(qi)、傳(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)、差速器(qi)(qi)乃至分(fen)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)都是必不可少的(de)，而這些部(bu)件(jian)不但重量不輕、讓(rang)車輛(liang)的(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)更為復雜，同時(shi)也存在需要(yao)(yao)定期維護和故(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)的(de)問(wen)題。但是輪(lun)轂(gu)電(dian)機就(jiu)很好地解決了(le)這個問(wen)題。除了(le)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)更為簡單之外，采用(yong)輪(lun)轂(gu)電(dian)機驅動(dong)的(de)車輛(liang)可以獲得更好的(de)空間利用(yong)率(lv)，同時(shi)傳(chuan)動(dong)效率(lv)也要(yao)(yao)高(gao)出不少。

2、可實現多種復雜的驅動方式

由于(yu)(yu)輪(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)具(ju)備單(dan)個車(che)輪(lun)獨立驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)的特(te)性，因(yin)此無論是前驅(qu)(qu)、后驅(qu)(qu)還(huan)是四(si)驅(qu)(qu)形式，它都可以比較輕松地(di)(di)實(shi)現(xian)，全(quan)時四(si)驅(qu)(qu)在輪(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)的車(che)輛(liang)上實(shi)現(xian)起來(lai)非(fei)常(chang)容易(yi)。同時輪(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)可以通過(guo)左右車(che)輪(lun)的不同轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)甚至反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)實(shi)現(xian)類似履帶式車(che)輛(liang)的差動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向，大(da)大(da)減(jian)小車(che)輛(liang)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎半徑(jing)，在特(te)殊情況下幾(ji)乎可以實(shi)現(xian)原地(di)(di)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(不過(guo)此時對車(che)輛(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向機(ji)構和輪(lun)胎的磨損較大(da))，對于(yu)(yu)特(te)種車(che)輛(liang)很(hen)有價(jia)值。

3、便于采用多種新能源車技術

新能源車(che)型(xing)不少都采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)驅動(dong)，因(yin)此輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)也就(jiu)派(pai)上了大用(yong)(yong)場。無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)還是(shi)(shi)燃料電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)，抑或是(shi)(shi)增程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)，都可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)作為主要驅動(dong)力；即(ji)(ji)便是(shi)(shi)對于混合動(dong)力車(che)型(xing)，也可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)作為起步或者急加(jia)速(su)時(shi)的助(zhu)力，可(ke)謂是(shi)(shi)一機(ji)多用(yong)(yong)。同(tong)時(shi)，新能源車(che)的很多技術，比如制動(dong)能量回收(shou)(即(ji)(ji)再生制動(dong))也可(ke)以很輕松地在輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)車(che)型(xing)上得以實現。

二、輪轂電機的缺點

1、增大簧下質量和輪轂的轉動慣量，對車輛的操控有所影響

對(dui)于普通(tong)民用(yong)車(che)輛來(lai)說(shuo)，常(chang)常(chang)用(yong)一些相對(dui)輕質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)材料比如(ru)鋁(lv)合金(jin)來(lai)制作懸(xuan)掛(gua)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件，以減(jian)輕簧(huang)下(xia)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，提升懸(xuan)掛(gua)的(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)速度。可是(shi)(shi)輪轂電(dian)(dian)機恰好(hao)較(jiao)大幅(fu)度地增(zeng)大了簧(huang)下(xia)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，同(tong)時也增(zeng)加了輪轂的(de)(de)(de)轉動(dong)慣量(liang)，這(zhe)對(dui)于車(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)操控性能是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)(bu)過考(kao)慮到電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)型(xing)大多限于代步而(er)非追求(qiu)動(dong)力性能，這(zhe)一點尚不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)大缺陷。

2、電制動性能有限，維持制動系統運行需要消耗不少電能

現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力商用(yong)車(che)已經有(you)(you)不少裝備了(le)利用(yong)渦流制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)原理(即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助減速設備，比如很(hen)多卡車(che)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)緩速器。而由于能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也是(shi)(shi)首選，不過對于輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛，由于輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)容量(liang)較小，不能(neng)滿足整車(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，都需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)附加機(ji)械制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統，但是(shi)(shi)對于普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乘(cheng)用(yong)車(che)，沒有(you)(you)了(le)傳統內燃機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)空泵(beng)，就需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空泵(beng)來提供剎車(che)助力，但也就意味了(le)有(you)(you)著(zhu)更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)消耗(hao)，即(ji)便是(shi)(shi)再生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)回收(shou)一些能(neng)量(liang)，如果要(yao)(yao)確(que)保制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)能(neng)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)也是(shi)(shi)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)續航(hang)里程的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)因素之一。

此(ci)外(wai)，輪轂(gu)電機(ji)工(gong)作的環境惡劣，面(mian)臨水、灰塵等多方面(mian)影(ying)響(xiang)，在(zai)(zai)密封方面(mian)也有較高要求，同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)設計(ji)上(shang)也需(xu)要為輪轂(gu)電機(ji)單獨考慮散熱問(wen)題(ti)。

三、輪轂電機的結構

輪轂電機由定子(zi)、軸承、轉子(zi)、懸架軸承座、小型逆變器、傳統鋁合金輪圈(quan)組成。

四、輪轂電機的發展前景

隨(sui)著新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)驅動技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的發展升級(ji)，輪轂電(dian)機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)逐漸(jian)進入人們的視(shi)野(ye)。輪轂電(dian)機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)被看(kan)作是(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)未來(lai)最佳的驅動解決方(fang)案。近年來(lai)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)發展步伐加快(kuai)，輪轂電(dian)機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)迎(ying)來(lai)大(da)展拳(quan)腳的好(hao)時機。

目前(qian)輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機還有(you)(you)很多問題(ti)沒有(you)(you)解決，尚不能形成市(shi)場(chang)。但是隨著純(chun)電(dian)動汽車(che)的保有(you)(you)量繼續(xu)增加(jia)，輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機驅動技術的普遍應(ying)用已(yi)經指日可待(dai)。目前(qian)國內(nei)輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機制造商以(yi)及新能源汽車(che)企業(ye)對輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機市(shi)場(chang)充(chong)滿信心，正在加(jia)緊產業(ye)化布局及市(shi)場(chang)推廣。

輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)技術具備很大的(de)(de)(de)優勢，它(ta)布局更為靈活，不需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械傳動(dong)系統。但同時它(ta)也有(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)著不足(zu)，比(bi)如(ru)密封和起步(bu)電(dian)流／扭矩(ju)間的(de)(de)(de)平衡關系，以及(ji)轉向時驅動(dong)輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)差速問題等(deng)等(deng)。輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)系統是純電(dian)動(dong)汽車未(wei)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)驅動(dong)方式，高(gao)品質輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)及(ji)其(qi)驅動(dong)控(kong)制系統目前(qian)已經成(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)內外電(dian)氣工程(cheng)領域的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)研究(jiu)對象。而在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)，輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)技術將(jiang)在(zai)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)新能(neng)源車中(zhong)擁(yong)有(you)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)景。