一、三輪電動車用途

電力作為一種環保，清潔，轉換率高的重要的能源，廣泛用于生產和生活。以電力為應用來驅動交通工具(ju)的(de)更(geng)新換代，促進(jin)交(jiao)(jiao)通運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)行業的(de)低碳化發(fa)展，降(jiang)低交(jiao)(jiao)通成本，節約能源，保護環境，是世界各國研(yan)究的(de)重要課題之一(yi)，經過(guo)幾十年的(de)發(fa)展，已經應(ying)用在電動城(cheng)市(shi)公交(jiao)(jiao)車輛，廠礦電動運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)車輛，電動城(cheng)市(shi)環衛清潔(jie)車輛，工程，遂道，地鐵施工專(zhuan)用車輛等諸(zhu)多領域。電動三輪車以其適(shi)用性(xing)強，機動(dong)錄(lu)活(huo)，維(wei)護(hu)簡單，維(wei)修方(fang)便(bian)，價格低廉等優點，可以靈活(huo)地穿(chuan)行(xing)于狹小(xiao)的(de)馬路間。電(dian)動(dong)三輪(lun)車具(ju)有倒車開關，可以方(fang)便(bian)的(de)實(shi)(shi)現倒順行(xing)駛功(gong)能(neng)，這(zhe)在道路狹窄的(de)胡同(tong)、小(xiao)巷非常(chang)(chang)實(shi)(shi)用,無論行(xing)駛停車均非常(chang)(chang)方(fang)便(bian)。廣泛(fan)應(ying)用于家庭(ting)、城鄉(xiang)、個體出(chu)租、廠區(qu)、礦(kuang)區(qu)、環衛、社區(qu)保(bao)潔等短(duan)途運(yun)輸領域。

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二、三輪電動車的分類

電動三輪車按(an)用(yong)途分(fen)為家用(yong)型(xing)，貨(huo)運型(xing)，工(gong)(gong)廠型(xing)多種(zhong)型(xing)號。因為用(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)不同，采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)技術標(biao)準(zhun)也(ye)不相(xiang)同.家用(yong)型(xing)電動三輪(lun)車(che)，大部分(fen)采用(yong)是(shi)側輪(lun)電機(ji)(ji)，外(wai)置車(che)架（車(che)架在車(che)輪(lun)外(wai)邊），這種(zhong)結構的(de)(de)(de)車(che)沒有大軸，載重量(liang)輕，一般200KG左右，電機(ji)(ji)一般為350-500W，電池為12V20AH電池，適合做家用(yong)和老年代(dai)步(bu)工(gong)(gong)具。也(ye)有中置電機(ji)(ji)帶大軸的(de)(de)(de)，（大軸又稱(cheng)后(hou)(hou)橋、后(hou)(hou)梁，是(shi)連接三輪(lun)車(che)后(hou)(hou)兩(liang)輪(lun)之間的(de)(de)(de)車(che)軸，三輪(lun)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)重要部件）這種(zhong)車(che)穩定性好，中置電機(ji)(ji)同時驅動后(hou)(hou)兩(liang)輪(lun)，啟動平穩，不過這種(zhong)三輪(lun)車(che)一般比較貴。

貨運型電動三輪車，這種車也分為倆種，一種為摩托型，配置和款式和三輪摩托車差不多，中置電機帶大軸，配500W以上電機，載(zai)貨量一般在(zai)300-600KG，配(pei)置有(you)倒順開關，和調(diao)速系統。上(shang)路最快時(shi)速在(zai)35公里左右。一種(zhong)為機動三(san)輪型(xing)，多由機動三(san)輪改裝(zhuang)而(er)成(cheng)，后橋，車箱完全(quan)采用(yong)(yong)機動三(san)輪車配(pei)置，載(zai)重(zhong)都在(zai)一噸以上(shang)，可(ke)由變速箱進行調(diao)速，配(pei)置4-5塊120AH大容(rong)量電瓶，直流900W以上(shang)電機，有(you)帶駕駛室的(de)和不帶駕駛室的(de)，也可(ke)配(pei)置液壓升降裝(zhuang)置，用(yong)(yong)作廠內(nei)裝(zhuang)卸散裝(zhuang)物料(liao)和城市用(yong)(yong)來清運垃圾等。

工廠型電動三輪車，使用環境一般比較惡劣，要求電機，電瓶比較耐用，能適應粉塵、高溫、崎嶇道(dao)路(lu)等(deng)(deng)環境，對(dui)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)材，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要(yao)求等(deng)(deng)較(jiao)高，車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)架用(yong)管(guan)材厚度都在2.5MM以上(shang)，后橋(qiao)直(zhi)徑在78MM以上(shang)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接采用(yong)等(deng)(deng)離子保護焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接密度高，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)縫抗拉強度大，不易斷(duan)裂(lie)。能(neng)適應(ying)(ying)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)操作環境的要(yao)求。工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)三輪車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的比(bi)較(jiao)多的有磚(zhuan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)的磚(zhuan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)拉坯車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)平板車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)升降運(yun)水坯車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)；磚(zhuan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、窯廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、耐火廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、陶瓷(ci)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、焙燒廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)裝窯車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)出窯車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)；工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、隧(sui)道(dao)、環衛(wei)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自卸車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)環衛(wei)清(qing)運(yun)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)動(dong)運(yun)輸(shu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自卸車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)還(huan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于面粉廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，選礦廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，化工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、爐料廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、養殖場、批(pi)發部(bu)、城鄉家庭、出租(zu)等(deng)(deng)短(duan)途運(yun)輸(shu)等(deng)(deng)。

三、電瓶的維護

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)不能(neng)(neng)虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)存放，虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態是(shi)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)用完后沒及時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)易造成(cheng)硫(liu)酸(suan)的(de)(de)鹽化，使(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉛(qian)結(jie)晶物附著在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)極板上，堵塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離子(zi)的(de)(de)通(tong)道，會造成(cheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充不進(jin)去，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)會下降(jiang)。虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下閑(xian)置(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)越長(chang)(chang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)損(sun)傷越嚴重。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)閑(xian)置(zhi)不用時(shi)，應(ying)每月(yue)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，這才能(neng)(neng)延長(chang)(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)使(shi)用壽命。

2、電(dian)動(dong)三(san)輪車(che)的(de)電(dian)瓶(ping)在使用過(guo)程中要進行定期的(de)檢驗，如果電(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)的(de)續行里(li)程在短(duan)時間內突然下(xia)降十幾公里(li)，則(ze)很有可能是電(dian)瓶(ping)組中至少有一塊電(dian)池(chi)出現(xian)斷格、極(ji)(ji)板軟化、極(ji)(ji)板活(huo)性物(wu)質脫落(luo)等(deng)短(duan)路現(xian)象。此時，應及時到專業電(dian)瓶(ping)修(xiu)(xiu)復機構(gou)進行檢查、修(xiu)(xiu)復或配組。

3、勿大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)車在(zai)起步、載人、上坡時，最好用腳蹬助力，盡量避免瞬間大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)。大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)容易導致(zhi)硫酸鉛結晶，從而損害電(dian)(dian)瓶極板的物理(li)性能。

4、要掌握(wo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，一(yi)般(ban)情況下，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都(dou)在夜間(jian)(jian)進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，平均充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)在8小時(shi)左右。若是(shi)淺(qian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后行(xing)(xing)駛里程(cheng)很短），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶很快就(jiu)會充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)會出現(xian)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)現(xian)象，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶失水、發熱，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶壽命。所以，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為50%—60%時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳，實(shi)際(ji)使用時(shi)可(ke)折算(suan)成騎行(xing)(xing)里程(cheng)，根據實(shi)際(ji)情況進行(xing)(xing)必要充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免傷害性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5、要防止高溫曝曬(shai)電(dian)動車，嚴禁(jin)在陽光下曝曬(shai)。溫度(du)過高的(de)(de)環境會(hui)使蓄電(dian)池(chi)內部壓力(li)增(zeng)加而使電(dian)瓶(ping)限壓閥被迫(po)自動開啟，直接后果(guo)就是增(zeng)加電(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)失水量(liang)，而電(dian)瓶(ping)過度(du)失水必然引(yin)發電(dian)瓶(ping)活性(xing)下降，加速極板軟(ruan)化，充電(dian)時殼(ke)體(ti)發熱、殼(ke)體(ti)起鼓、變形等(deng)致命(ming)損傷(shang)。