太(tai)陽(yang)能電動車怎(zen)么樣

太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)是(shi)可再(zai)生、可持續(xu)性發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)戰略能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)。當華爾街風暴(bao)席卷全球(qiu)時，各(ge)先進技(ji)術(shu)國(guo)家(jia)無不(bu)在新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域下賭注、投資本，以(yi)期獲得經濟復興。特別是(shi)以(yi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產(chan)業為經濟支(zhi)柱的(de)國(guo)家(jia)，尤其在新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)動力上力圖有所創新(xin)和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)，如在電動汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)、燃料電池汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)領(ling)域紛紛投入巨資，而在太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)領(ling)域更(geng)是(shi)探索不(bu)止，力度加大。由于(yu)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)是(shi)各(ge)種可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)中最重要的(de)基本能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，通過轉換(huan)(huan)裝置把太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)輻射能(neng)轉換(huan)(huan)成電能(neng)利用(yong)，屬于(yu)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)發(fa)電技(ji)術(shu)。光(guang)電轉換(huan)(huan)裝置通常(chang)是(shi)利用(yong)半(ban)導(dao)體器件的(de)光(guang)伏效應原理進行光(guang)電轉換(huan)(huan)的(de)，因此也(ye)稱太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏技(ji)術(shu)，又稱太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏電池。

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據報道(dao)，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)技(ji)術不(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)先(xian)進技(ji)術國(guo)家得到快速(su)(su)發展(zhan)，中國(guo)的太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產業也以每年20%~30%的速(su)(su)度增長。到2020年，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)領域的銷售額將(jiang)(jiang)增加一倍，屆(jie)時中國(guo)將(jiang)(jiang)有(you)1%的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗(hao)來自太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。今后(hou)幾年，我國(guo)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)用不(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域會獲得飛速(su)(su)發展(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)汽車領域的應用也會得到不(bu)斷的提高。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結(jie)構(gou)具有輕、小(xiao)、巧、美(mei)四大(da)(da)特性。車型(xing)(xing)輕，能大(da)(da)幅度減輕能源的消耗，降(jiang)低(di)成本；車身小(xiao)，可在城市(shi)中心地(di)帶穿街走巷行駛（不超過兩人(ren)并排騎自行車占用(yong)的道(dao)路面積），增加道(dao)路流量(liang)，改善交通狀(zhuang)況；結(jie)構(gou)設計巧妙、實用(yong)、緊湊、堅(jian)固、耐用(yong)；流線型(xing)(xing)外觀(guan)，造型(xing)(xing)美(mei)觀(guan)大(da)(da)方。

2、以光、電(dian)代(dai)替油(you)，可(ke)節約有限的石(shi)油(you)資源(yuan)。白天，太陽能電(dian)池(chi)把光能轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)能自(zi)動存儲在(zai)動力電(dian)池(chi)中。在(zai)晚間或陰雨天，可(ke)以利用家用交流電(dian)（220V）進行充(chong)電(dian)，確保車輛照常行駛。

3、節能(neng)，本發明的太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)，耗能(neng)少，只需采用(yong)3-4平米的太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件便可(ke)行駛(shi)起來。燃油汽車(che)(che)在(zai)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉換過程(cheng)中要遵守卡(ka)諾(nuo)循環的規律(lv)來做功(gong)，熱效(xiao)率比較(jiao)低，約為12%-15%，只有1/3左右(you)的能(neng)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)在(zai)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)輛前進上，其余2/3左右(you)的能(neng)量(liang)(liang)損(sun)失(shi)在(zai)發動(dong)(dong)機和驅動(dong)(dong)鏈上；而太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉換不受卡(ka)諾(nuo)循環規律(lv)的限(xian)制，熱效(xiao)率要高得多，可(ke)達到(dao)34%-40%，90%的能(neng)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)于推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)輛前進。

4、高(gao)度重視(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，將主動(dong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性列為重要問(wen)題(ti)(ti)考(kao)慮，在車(che)身的(de)(de)前部(bu)特(te)別設(she)計(ji)內保(bao)險結構，保(bao)障駕(jia)駛(shi)員的(de)(de)生(sheng)命安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，每個座(zuo)(zuo)位(wei)上都設(she)有三(san)點式安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶、座(zuo)(zuo)椅(yi)頭枕。另外，前后(hou)保(bao)險杠、高(gao)位(wei)剎(cha)車(che)燈、轉向燈、前大(da)燈、尾(wei)燈、后(hou)視(shi)鏡、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)擋(dang)風(feng)玻璃、雨刮(gua)器等配置(zhi)一應俱(ju)全(quan)(quan)，而(er)且還可(ke)以選裝兒(er)童安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)座(zuo)(zuo)椅(yi)等選配裝置(zhi)。

5、作為一種低速車，其(qi)設計(ji)、生(sheng)產和安全標準(zhun)與傳統轎車相比(bi)毫不遜色。前(qian)后均有獨立懸(xuan)掛，四輪鼓式(shi)制動，采用創(chuang)新前(qian)橋和傳向系統，30km/h速度到停止的剎車距(ju)離不超過7.3米。

6、無污(wu)染(ran)(ran)。因為不用燃油，本車(che)不會排放污(wu)染(ran)(ran)大(da)氣的有(you)害氣體(ti)。

7、無噪音(yin)。沒有內燃機，行駛(shi)時不會聽到燃油汽車的轟鳴聲。

8、使用(yong)費用(yong)低廉。車(che)上配有充(chong)電(dian)器和充(chong)放電(dian)控制器，有兩路(lu)電(dian)源可向動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)。有太陽光時，太陽能電(dian)池(chi)組件通過充(chong)放電(dian)控制器向動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)，公(gong)里(li)行駛成本為零；無太陽光時，隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)都能用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)源，通過充(chong)電(dian)器向動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)，公(gong)里(li)行駛成本為3分錢(qian)。

9、易(yi)駕駛(shi)。無需電子點火(huo)，只需踩(cai)踏加速(su)板便(bian)可啟(qi)動，利用控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)車(che)速(su)，勿需換檔、踩(cai)離合器，簡化了駕駛(shi)的(de)復雜性(xing)，避(bi)免了因操作失誤而造成的(de)事故(gu)隱患，安(an)全性(xing)高(gao)。特別(bie)適合婦女和(he)老(lao)年人駕駛(shi)。

10、方便。由于車(che)身結(jie)構簡(jian)單，除了定(ding)期更換動(dong)力電池外，基本不(bu)需(xu)日(ri)常(chang)保養，省卻了傳統汽(qi)車(che)必須(xu)經常(chang)更換機油、添加冷卻水(shui)等定(ding)期養護的煩(fan)惱。小巧玲瓏的車(che)身，可以(yi)輕而易(yi)舉(ju)地(di)將車(che)泊入擁擠不(bu)堪的都市(shi)停車(che)場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)(de)最(zui)大優勢是環保、節能、安全、經(jing)濟，批量生產的(de)(de)成本(ben)將(jiang)控制在人民幣5-6千元左右(you)，其(qi)市場目標鎖定(ding)在普通百姓家庭，將(jiang)成為中國老百姓買得(de)起(qi)、用得(de)起(qi)、開得(de)動的(de)(de)物美價廉的(de)(de)交通工具產品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合(he)為48V配(pei)置的電動(dong)車野外或行駛(shi)途(tu)中(zhong)補充(chong)電源。

2、太陽能充電器可以(yi)實現一邊(bian)(bian)行駛、一邊(bian)(bian)充(chong)電(dian)，幫助電(dian)動車增加行程達50%以(yi)上。

3、太陽(yang)能充電(dian)器(qi)，既增強電(dian)動(dong)車行駛、 爬坡的(de)動(dong)力，又減輕電(dian)機的(de)負(fu)載磨損。

4、太陽(yang)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器及(ji)時對(dui)放電(dian)(dian)狀態下的(de)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)量，對(dui)于減(jian)輕蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板硫(liu)化，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命效果顯(xian)著(zhu)。同時又能長期節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)費開支(zhi)，是降低電(dian)(dian)動車(che)的(de)使用(yong)成(cheng)本的(de)好幫手。

5、太陽能充電(dian)器安裝方(fang)便，美觀適用(yong)，節能環保。

6、本產品使用壽命可達12年左右，應用價值很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電動(dong)車因(yin)具所(suo)選擇的元件不(bu)同，布置方案也有所(suo)不(bu)同。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種(zhong)布置(zhi)方式容(rong)易實現(xian)，操作和(he)控制簡單。但能(neng)量(liang)損耗(hao)較高、噪聲較大(da)、整車(che)質量(liang)較重、行駛速度較低、續駛里程較短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方式便于布置(zhi)、較易驅動、質量(liang)(liang)輕(qing)、噪聲小。但控制相對復雜，并有(you)一定的能量(liang)(liang)損耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動(dong)方式動(dong)力傳動(dong)系(xi)元件最(zui)少、結構最(zui)簡單(dan)、噪聲最(zui)低(di)、車重最(zui)輕、可控(kong)性好，但(dan)造價高，控(kong)制成為(wei)關鍵問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過(guo)峰值功率跟(gen)蹤器2被直接(jie)傳送(song)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機控(kong)制器中，驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機5旋轉，使車(che)輛行駛。剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池儲存起來，以便(bian)太陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足(zu)或(huo)陰(yin)雨(yu)天(tian)氣時驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。這(zhe)一過(guo)程由(you)控(kong)制器控(kong)制。車(che)輛的(de)啟動、加速、轉向、制動由(you)駕駛員(yuan)操縱。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種對光有(you)(you)響應并能(neng)(neng)將光轉(zhuan)換(huan)成電(dian)力的(de)器件裝置。能(neng)(neng)產生(sheng)光伏效(xiao)應的(de)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)種，如單(dan)晶(jing)硅、多(duo)(duo)晶(jing)硅、非晶(jing)硅、砷化鎵、硒銦銅等，它們(men)的(de)發電(dian)原理基本相同(tong)。以晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)例：P型晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)硅經過(guo)摻雜磷可得N型硅，形成P-N結(jie)。當光線照射太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池陣(zhen)列板的(de)表面時，一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分光子被硅材(cai)料(liao)吸收，光子的(de)能(neng)(neng)量傳遞給(gei)了(le)硅原子，使(shi)電(dian)子產生(sheng)了(le)躍(yue)遷，成為(wei)自由電(dian)子，在P-N結(jie)兩(liang)側集驟形成了(le)電(dian)位差，當外部(bu)(bu)電(dian)路接通時，在該電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)作用下，將會(hui)有(you)(you)電(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)外部(bu)(bu)電(dian)路，從而產生(sheng)一(yi)定的(de)輸出功率。這個過(guo)程的(de)實質是(shi)(shi)：光子能(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)成電(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)過(guo)程。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)陣(zhen)列電(dian)池板是(shi)(shi)由光敏半導體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料(liao)制成的(de)，大多(duo)(duo)使(shi)用硅化合物。

根據(ju)所用(yong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)可分為(wei)：硅太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；以(yi)無(wu)機鹽如(ru)砷化鎵(jia)III-V化合物、硫化鎘、硒銦(yin)銅等多(duo)元化合物為(wei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；功能(neng)(neng)(neng)高分子材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；和納(na)米晶太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。不(bu)論(lun)以(yi)何種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)來制作電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求有：半導體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)禁帶(dai)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)寬；要有較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換效率(lv)；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)本身(shen)對(dui)環境不(bu)造成污染；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)便(bian)于(yu)工業化生(sheng)產且(qie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)穩定。基于(yu)以(yi)上幾個方面考慮(lv)，硅是(shi)最理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，這也是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)以(yi)硅材(cai)(cai)料(liao)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要原因。

太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件是(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心部分(fen)，也是(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)價值最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)。其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)將太(tai)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)輻射能(neng)量轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，或(huo)送往(wang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)存(cun)儲起來(lai)，或(huo)推動(dong)負載(zai)工作(zuo)(zuo)。太(tai)陽能(neng)組件中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和成(cheng)本將直接決定整個(ge)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和成(cheng)本。太(tai)陽能(neng)控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)管(guan)理和控制(zhi)整個(ge)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，并(bing)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)起到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)、過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源控制(zhi)管(guan)理系(xi)統具有(you)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)溫差較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)器還應(ying)具備溫度(du)補償的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。其(qi)它附(fu)加功(gong)能(neng)如光控、時(shi)控等應(ying)當都是(shi)控制(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)可選項(xiang)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)在(zai)有(you)光照時(shi)將太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件所(suo)提供出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲存(cun)起來(lai)，到需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候再釋放出來(lai)。

太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)件是(shi)由(you)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)拼接組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，或由(you)折疊(die)式支(zhi)架(jia)拼接組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)陣列。因為(wei)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)（如硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)）的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太低，所(suo)以(yi)都要把它們串、并聯(lian)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)有實用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板，陣列成(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)應(ying)用(yong)單(dan)元，然后(hou)根據供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求，再由(you)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)應(ying)用(yong)單(dan)元的(de)(de)(de)串、并聯(lian)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)是(shi)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)儲能裝(zhuang)置，在夜間或光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)不足及負(fu)(fu)載(zai)消耗超出光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時，由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)向(xiang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了(le)減輕整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系統的(de)(de)(de)重量，應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)能蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與燃油汽車在動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力結構(gou)上有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，但與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)卻有許多(duo)相同(tong)之處。所不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式必須依靠電(dian)(dian)源，而(er)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置(zhi)來自于太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)源兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式，而(er)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車不必背負(fu)(fu)(fu)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏陳列(lie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)。當太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)產生電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與控(kong)制裝置(zhi)和(he)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置(zhi)連接后，再由另一(yi)端連接負(fu)(fu)(fu)載，負(fu)(fu)(fu)載就是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機（驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)）。一(yi)般在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車運行時，被(bei)轉換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制裝置(zhi)直運送到(dao)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載，而(er)在停駛(shi)或太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)足時，剩余部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)并(bing)儲(chu)存起來，當太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)不足時，由太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)同(tong)時向負(fu)(fu)(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)；當汽車減(jian)速或剎車時，還應設計(ji)“回授性(xing)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)”，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制器，將(jiang)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)發電(dian)(dian)機，反(fan)向進入蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行儲(chu)存。用互補式不間(jian)斷供電(dian)(dian)技術，改變(bian)(bian)嚴重依賴天氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷，完善(shan)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與負載。太陽能光伏(fu)電池是一種光電轉換裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，其輸出(chu)功率(lv)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小取決于光照的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度，要(yao)拼裝(zhuang)(zhuang)多(duo)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)太陽能光伏(fu)電池組件主要(yao)取決于能夠接受光照的(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度及所(suo)用負載的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的(de)容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上可(ke)以由蓄(xu)電池向(xiang)負載供電，為了減輕系統重要，最好(hao)選用(yong)高比(bi)能量的(de)蓄(xu)電池。

三是機(ji)械強(qiang)。考(kao)慮到(dao)電動汽車(che)的整(zheng)個(ge)供(gong)(gong)電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)都是在(zai)運動和運行中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)，必(bi)須(xu)考(kao)慮系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的機(ji)械強(qiang)度，耐腐(fu)蝕性，耐氣候變化(hua)(hua)等各種(zhong)因素。太陽能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電池(chi)組陣列應(ying)采(cai)取高(gao)強(qiang)度鋼化(hua)(hua)玻璃外殼，支架(jia)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)強(qiang)度材(cai)料。使(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)供(gong)(gong)電系(xi)統(tong)(tong)具有便(bian)于運行、重量輕、效率高(gao)、可靠性好、造(zao)價低(di)等優勢。

太陽能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池板是將(jiang)太陽能(neng)量(liang)轉變為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)，是因為(wei)光(guang)子(zi)在日光(guang)下產生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)量(liang)帶動電(dian)子(zi)從一(yi)個(ge)(ge)半運動的金屬(shu)粒子(zi)的一(yi)層轉移到(dao)另一(yi)層面，電(dian)子(zi)的運動產生(sheng)(sheng)了通(tong)用(yong)的電(dian)力。太陽能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池板可以(yi)由(you)光(guang)電(dian)轉化率(lv)、能(neng)量(liang)比大(da)小來(lai)選(xuan)擇(ze)。由(you)于許多獨立(li)的硅片被組合，形成龐大(da)的太陽能(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)陣列，并(bing)產生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)夠電(dian)動汽車驅(qu)動的電(dian)能(neng)，而這種電(dian)能(neng)量(liang)還必(bi)須達到(dao)高電(dian)壓、高功(gong)率(lv)的程(cheng)度，這就要(yao)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)的系統-電(dian)力控制系統。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)心臟部位就是電(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，而運行系(xi)(xi)統基本上是由電(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)、電(dian)(dian)機來組成。而在太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)上其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統不(bu)僅僅控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源（電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），還要增加太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)供應(ying)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組飽和電(dian)(dian)壓基本相同(tong)，可以直(zhi)接(jie)耦合(he)，在太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)功(gong)率充(chong)足時(shi)，多余(yu)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)進(jin)入儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，在太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率不(bu)足時(shi)由蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完成電(dian)(dian)力驅動(dong)的(de)任(ren)務。這些，必須由控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統來完成。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)就是對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)過程進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和保護(hu)，這樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保證對(dui)整個電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源系(xi)(xi)統的(de)正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)及(ji)其對(dui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)驅動(dong)。最簡(jian)單的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統也應(ying)該起到以下(xia)三個方面的(de)作用(yong)：

一是按照(zhao)使用要求(qiu)給出穩定的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流；

二是蓄電(dian)池過充電(dian)或(huo)過放電(dian)時可以報(bao)警或(huo)自(zi)動切斷電(dian)路；

三是負載(zai)發(fa)生短路時可以自動切斷電源電路。

控(kong)制(zhi)系統是(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)陣列板(ban)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)以(yi)及蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對負(fu)載(zai)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，實(shi)現對太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的科學管理(li)，指(zhi)示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)等(deng)運行狀(zhuang)態，具(ju)有兩(liang)路(lu)負(fu)載(zai)輸出的管理(li)，或(huo)兩(liang)路(lu)負(fu)載(zai)可(ke)以(yi)隨意設(she)置為(wei)同時(shi)工(gong)作、分(fen)(fen)時(shi)工(gong)作或(huo)單獨工(gong)作等(deng)模式，同時(shi)具(ju)有負(fu)載(zai)過(guo)流、短路(lu)保護功能，具(ju)有較高的自動化和智能化水平。其(qi)硬(ying)件結構主要由電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、負(fu)載(zai)輸出控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、指(zhi)示或(huo)顯示電(dian)(dian)路(lu)及鍵盤(pan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)部分(fen)(fen)組成。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集(ji)，用于太(tai)陽(yang)光線(xian)強弱的識(shi)別以(yi)及蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的獲取等(deng)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)利用(yong)子系(xi)統(tong)的控(kong)制功能對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理時(shi)，若太陽(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正常(chang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi)，控(kong)制器將(jiang)關(guan)斷負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，以保證負(fu)載(zai)(zai)不被損傷，當(dang)(dang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)斷對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)掉至維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)入浮充狀態，當(dang)(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)低于(yu)維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，啟動(dong)的應(ying)當(dang)(dang)是均充狀態。當(dang)(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)自(zi)動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)開關(guan)，以保護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不受損壞。在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)關(guan)閉(bi)后，有兩路(lu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可選擇使(shi)用(yong)，在(zai)太陽(yang)光(guang)照較強時(shi)自(zi)動(dong)啟動(dong)太陽(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使(shi)其發揮更大功效(xiao)，或使(shi)用(yong)外充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)行快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)軟(ruan)件(jian)設(she)計(ji)與硬件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)是相對應的(de)，包括有主程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、定時中斷(duan)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、A/D轉換(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、外部(bu)轉換(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)及鍵盤處理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、負(fu)載管理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)等。作(zuo)為太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)“心臟”——電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)，不僅僅需要具備基(ji)本(ben)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，還要能(neng)(neng)(neng)體現(xian)現(xian)代控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)理(li)念(nian)，也(ye)就(jiu)是達到“一體化”控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，并實現(xian)“智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化”的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，在(zai)基(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)基(ji)礎上，“智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化”的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)是以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)模塊(kuai)(kuai)為控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)中心，增加了以(yi)(yi)鍵盤輸入、遙控(kong)及液晶顯示組(zu)成的(de)人(ren)工界面模塊(kuai)(kuai)，還增加了以(yi)(yi)安全報警模塊(kuai)(kuai)，在(zai)內部(bu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算法(fa)還可(ke)采取模糊(hu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)其它智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)算法(fa)實現(xian)，此外還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使用預留可(ke)擴展(zhan)模塊(kuai)(kuai).

太(tai)陽能電(dian)動車充電(dian)器介紹

太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)，要根據(ju)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)來(lai)合(he)理選擇蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)的容(rong)量(liang)，以便在陰雨天及晚上(shang)可以由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)向負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。那么具體選擇何種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，不能不做各種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性(xing)能的綜合(he)分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)經歷是從鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)開始的(de)(de)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經歷了(le)100余年的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，在人們研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了(le)鎳氫動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及(ji)繼而(er)又研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了(le)鋰動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)后，便被業內猜測該退出歷史舞臺(tai)了(le)。然而(er)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)仍然是大(da)量生(sheng)產的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系列。鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為比(bi)較成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術雖然比(bi)能量、比(bi)功率和能量密度(du)都比(bi)較低，但是高的(de)(de)性價比(bi)及(ji)高倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然成(cheng)為唯(wei)一能大(da)批量生(sheng)產的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其(qi)主要應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)大(da)量進入市場的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)。但鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)尚存在續駛里程短，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)差、及(ji)體積(ji)大(da)、質量重、不(bu)環保等(deng)缺點，不(bu)僅在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)上受到(dao)阻礙，想成(cheng)為太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上的(de)(de)儲(chu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)范疇應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)難度(du)是可(ke)想而(er)知的(de)(de)。

鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)出現以前，曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)電動汽車上廣(guang)泛(fan)試用(yong)(yong)，其(qi)比(bi)能量達(da)到75~80Wh/kg，比(bi)功率達(da)160~230w/kg，循環(huan)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)超過600次。由于(yu)鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)安全性方(fang)面(mian)較有優勢，所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)混合(he)動力汽車的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)已經達(da)到趨于(yu)成熟的(de)(de)境界。應(ying)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)較好的(de)(de)汽車廠(chang)商如日本(ben)豐田、美(mei)國通用(yong)(yong)等公司。但鎳氫電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)價(jia)格上遠高于(yu)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)，以及能量密度(du)低于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)，所(suo)以，難以成為太陽能電動汽車的(de)(de)首選蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電池(chi)(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是(shi)通過太陽(yang)能光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板給予充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的（在(zai)(zai)光照不足時也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)源充電(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了(le)最大限(xian)度地降低整個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的重(zhong)量，方(fang)便電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的運行(xing)，選擇(ze)大容量高倍(bei)率(lv)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能的鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，是(shi)太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的最佳選擇(ze)。雖然鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的成本相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)有所增(zeng)加，但在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同容量的情況下，比(bi)(bi)采用鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)減輕4倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)上的重(zhong)量，因為鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)比(bi)(bi)能量、循(xun)環壽(shou)命、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)及(ji)環保諸多方(fang)面都具(ju)有優越的性能。它(ta)的比(bi)(bi)能量可(ke)達150Wh/kg，是(shi)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的2倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)上，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的4倍(bei)以(yi)(yi)上。由(you)(you)于比(bi)(bi)能量是(shi)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的四(si)分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)，從(cong)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)角度分(fen)析(xi)鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對能量消耗的資源就(jiu)少。由(you)(you)于鋰(li)(li)離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)所用元素的儲量比(bi)(bi)較多，資源較豐富，因此，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)能會進一(yi)(yi)步漲價(jia)，鋰(li)(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本反而會進一(yi)(yi)步降低。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)采用(yong)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)減輕重(zhong)量(liang)，提高(gao)整(zheng)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕便(bian)性能(neng)。另(ling)外(wai)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位體積(ji)能(neng)量(liang)很大(da)(da)，高(gao)達(da)400Wh/L，相同(tong)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體積(ji)是(shi)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三分之(zhi)一到四分之(zhi)一，為(wei)(wei)進行輕巧、靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計要(yao)求(qiu)提供(gong)了更(geng)為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計空間。另(ling)外(wai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命(ming)長，單(dan)(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環次數(shu)可達(da)1500次以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)如果有好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，在(zai)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時達(da)到均衡程度，仍(reng)然(ran)可達(da)1000次以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)時常(chang)常(chang)可以(yi)(yi)浮充或(huo)淺放(fang)(fang)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)壽命(ming)不會(hui)像純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)那樣(yang)短。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一個(ge)優點(dian)是(shi)自(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)低，這在(zai)連續(xu)陰天和在(zai)夜(ye)間蓄存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都有相當(dang)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處，可以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。在(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)保持60%~80%計算(suan)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限應不低于(yu)3~5年(nian)，壽命(ming)相當(dang)于(yu)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍左右(you)。由于(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不含(han)鉛和鎘(ge)等(deng)重(zhong)金屬(shu)，被(bei)業內(nei)稱為(wei)(wei)綠色環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨(sui)著我(wo)國鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)力型蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提高(gao)，特(te)別在(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)、管理、控制技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)突破并會(hui)不斷提高(gao)水平，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)也會(hui)越來越長，性價比也會(hui)越來越有優勢，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)也會(hui)越來越廣(guang)泛(fan)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)力型蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不僅在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)、純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)，和燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)得到廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，還會(hui)在(zai)航空、航海等(deng)領(ling)域得到廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽車(che)的功能(neng)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)就是(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)。太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的目的當(dang)然也在(zai)(zai)于此。無(wu)論(lun)采用何種電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的目的當(dang)然也在(zai)(zai)于此。無(wu)論(lun)采用何種電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)負載，其設計和(he)使用目標都是(shi)為滿足電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的行(xing)駛需要。由于直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)良好的調整性能(neng)，早(zao)期開發的電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)大多采用了(le)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。近代(dai)電(dian)子技術和(he)控制技術的發展，交(jiao)流(liu)感應(ying)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、永磁(ci)無(wu)刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、開關阻(zu)磁(ci)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的應(ying)用范圍逐步擴大、性能(neng)越(yue)來越(yue)完善，電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)所(suo)(suo)用的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也由這些電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)取代(dai)。總的趨(qu)勢是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將取代(dai)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。

大(da)(da)多(duo)數太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)圈交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)無刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)輕質材料制造(zao)，非常(chang)適合于太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，在(zai)額定的(de)(de)RPM（每秒(miao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速）達到(dao)99%的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)比(bi)以前使用(yong)(yong)(yong)直接引導式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)要(yao)先進。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)也稱其為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種機(ji)(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統還有(you)(you)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)(chuan)統汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)變(bian)速器、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)、后橋和(he)半(ban)軸(zhou)等部件的(de)(de)。而電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)通過(guo)鏈條和(he)履帶同一(yi)個單一(yi)的(de)(de)齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，與車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)鏈接的(de)(de)引導式裝(zhuang)置(zhi)要(yao)比(bi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)先進了(le)(le)一(yi)步。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)還使用(yong)(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)履帶式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力給車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種變(bian)頻(pin)履帶式電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要(yao)精確地(di)安裝(zhuang)和(he)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)配置(zhi)。2013年(nian)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)多(duo)齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)已經被淘(tao)汰，雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)成(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。在(zai)雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)圈之間轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換改變(bian)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)速度，低(di)速線(xian)(xian)圈能(neng)為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)減速提供高的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)力矩(ju)，而高速線(xian)(xian)圈則為(wei)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)運行提供高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)和(he)最佳的(de)(de)運行效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。特別在(zai)軸(zhou)式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計(ji)中，一(yi)個軸(zhou)式電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)去除了(le)(le)許(xu)多(duo)外加的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)設備，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高了(le)(le)駕駛車(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，縮減了(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)而需要(yao)的(de)(de)能(neng)量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式形成(cheng)獨特的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)，使結構(gou)更加緊湊，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)主要驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式。而(er)輪(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)，是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)直(zhi)接(jie)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)輪(lun)里，用來直(zhi)接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)。這種(zhong)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式不(bu)但提(ti)高(gao)了傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)效率，不(bu)占(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)本身和(he)底盤空間，而(er)且減(jian)少了車(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)懸掛重量，截止(zhi)2013年，所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)主要采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設計方(fang)案(an)。輪(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)可以(yi)兩輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，也可以(yi)設計四輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。在太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)設計中應該(gai)是最佳驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案(an)。