家裝隱蔽工程很重要 專家教你如何驗收
家庭裝(zhuang)修中的隱蔽工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是指隱蔽在裝(zhuang)飾(shi)表面(mian)內部的管線工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和結(jie)構工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。管線工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括電器回路、給排(pai)水、煤氣管道(dao)、空(kong)調系統等(deng);結(jie)構工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)指用于固(gu)定、支撐房屋荷載的內部構造(zao)。雖然曾經流行一(yi)時(shi)的野獸派和高(gao)科技派以暴露管道(dao)結(jie)構為美,但是這種手法不適于普通百姓人家的裝(zhuang)修。
值得注(zhu)意的是,目前隱(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)程的質量(liang)問題(ti)普遍存在,而且由于維修不(bu)便,留下很多隱(yin)患。因此,有必(bi)要了(le)解它(ta)的結(jie)構和材(cai)料。家庭(ting)裝(zhuang)修的隱(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)程主要包(bao)括六個(ge)方面:
(1)給排水工程。由于鍍鋅管(guan)易生銹、積垢、不保溫,而且(qie)會發生凍裂,將被逐步(bu)淘汰。目前使用(yong)最(zui)多(duo)的是塑鋁復合管(guan)、塑鋼管(guan)、PPR管(guan)。這些管(guan)子(zi)有(you)良好的塑性、韌性,而且(qie)保溫不開裂、不積垢,采用(yong)專用(yong)接頭(tou)或(huo)熱塑接頭(tou),質量保證、能耗少。
(2)電器管線工程。一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)源線分(fen)硬(ying)線、軟線、護套(tao)線等(deng),按(an)銅芯粗細(xi)又分(fen)為1平(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)線、1.5平(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)線、2.5平(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)線……為安全(quan)起見,更為了便于維修,電(dian)(dian)源線應套(tao)套(tao)管。此(ci)外常用的(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)音響線、信號線等(deng)。插座(zuo)分(fen)為10A,15A,品牌(pai)也有(you)(you)多種,假冒的(de)也多。劣質的(de)插座(zuo)容易引(yin)起事故,建議到正規電(dian)(dian)器用品商店購買較為妥當(dang)。電(dian)(dian)器線路工(gong)程,要求施(shi)工(gong)規范,以保(bao)證安全(quan),消除(chu)隱患。
(3)地板基層。實木(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)有兩(liang)種做(zuo)法(fa)(fa):一種在(zai)(zai)水(shui)泥樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上鋪(pu)設木(mu)(mu)龍骨(gu),最后(hou)釘(ding)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban);另一種方法(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)龍骨(gu)上先鋪(pu)一層(ceng)(ceng)細木(mu)(mu)工板(ban)(ban)(ban),或者是毛(mao)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban),然后(hou)釘(ding)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban),采用這種方法(fa)(fa),地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)受(shou)力均勻,結構(gou)牢固(gu)。復合地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)安裝方便,基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)也有兩(liang)種作法(fa)(fa):一種先作找(zhao)平層(ceng)(ceng),然后(hou)鋪(pu)設PVC墊層(ceng)(ceng),之(zhi)后(hou)鋪(pu)設復合地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban);另一種在(zai)(zai)水(shui)泥找(zhao)平層(ceng)(ceng)上,鋪(pu)設木(mu)(mu)龍骨(gu)和(he)毛(mao)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban),兩(liang)鋪(pu)復合地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。
(4)護墻基層。護(hu)墻(qiang)板(ban)有平板(ban)式(shi)和凹凸式(shi)。做法是在墻(qiang)面(mian)上安(an)裝30mm×40mm木(mu)龍骨,在此基礎上釘多層(ceng)板(ban)或細(xi)木(mu)工板(ban),最(zui)后(hou)釘飾面(mian)夾板(ban)。為防止發(fa)霉,在護(hu)墻(qiang)板(ban)上部(bu)開一系(xi)列直(zhi)徑為6mm的氣孔。
(5)門窗套基層。先排設龍骨(gu),然后釘細木工板,表面(mian)(mian)用飾面(mian)(mian)夾(jia)板釘木線條,避免日(ri)后膨脹。
(6)吊頂基層。吊頂材(cai)料(liao)有石膏板(ban),灰板(ban),夾板(ban),鋁合(he)金(jin)扣板(ban),塑料(liao)扣板(ban),磨砂(sha)玻璃(li),彩繪(hui)玻璃(li)等,龍骨(gu)(gu)分(fen)木龍骨(gu)(gu)和輕鋼龍骨(gu)(gu)。吊頂開(kai)裂的現象經常(chang)出現,如使(shi)用彈(dan)性(xing)膩(ni)子嵌(qian)縫,并(bing)貼(tie)尼龍綁帶,可以改善這(zhe)種情(qing)況。
隱蔽工程(cheng)完工后,需驗收,確保不留隱患(huan),合(he)格后才能(neng)進行后續施工。否則今后發現問題,需要(yao)返(fan)工,既影響質量(liang),又拖延(yan)工期。業主和承包方都將蒙受(shou)損失。