花卉養(yang)植方法(fa) 花卉的養(yang)殖方法(fa)和注意事項
1、盆土
盆(pen)土一般由(you)園(yuan)土、腐葉土、堆肥土、塘泥、泥炭、珍(zhen)珠巖(yan)、蛭石、椰(ye)子纖維(wei)等材料(liao)調配而成。
2、上盆與換盆
將幼苗移植(zhi)于花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中(zhong)的過程叫(jiao)上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)。幼苗上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)時(shi)根(gen)系(xi)應(ying)盡量(liang)多(duo)帶(dai)些土(tu),以減少(shao)對(dui)根(gen)系(xi)的傷害。上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)時(shi),花(hua)卉根(gen)部向四周展開輕置土(tu)上(shang),加土(tu)埋至(zhi)根(gen)頸部,使(shi)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)至(zhi)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)緣保留3-5厘米,以方便澆水與施(shi)肥。多(duo)年(nian)生觀賞植(zhi)物,長期生長于盆(pen)(pen)(pen)缽內(nei)有限的土(tu)壤中(zhong),營養(yang)不(bu)足,需逐(zhu)漸更換(huan)大(da)一號花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen),這就(jiu)是換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)。多(duo)年(nian)生花(hua)卉換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)應(ying)在休眠期進行(xing),每(mei)年(nian)換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)1次,一、二年(nian)生草本花(hua)卉在生長季節中(zhong)依(yi)生長情(qing)況可(ke)隨時(shi)進行(xing),每(mei)次將花(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)加大(da)一號。經上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)或換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)的花(hua)卉均(jun)應(ying)立即澆水,置蔭(yin)處養(yang)護2-3天后,再移至(zhi)陽光下,注意保持盆(pen)(pen)(pen)土(tu)濕潤。上(shang)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)與換(huan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)后均(jun)應(ying)噴施(shi)新高脂膜800倍液,可(ke)防止(zhi)病害入侵、保墑。
3、澆水與施肥
盆栽花卉(hui)最好(hao)用(yong)軟(ruan)水(shui)(shui)(如(ru)河水(shui)(shui)、湖水(shui)(shui)、塘水(shui)(shui)等)澆(jiao)灌。城市中的自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)含氯離子,對(dui)花卉(hui)生長不利(li),不宜直(zhi)接澆(jiao)灌盆花,要將自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)提(ti)前放入(ru)水(shui)(shui)缸(gang)或(huo)水(shui)(shui)池中放置1-2天后(hou)再用(yong)。耐濕花卉(hui)可多(duo)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui),耐旱(han)的花卉(hui)如(ru)多(duo)肉植物就應少澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。盆栽花卉(hui)春秋時(shi)應隔日澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)1次(ci),夏季每天早、晚(wan)各(ge)澆(jiao)1次(ci),而(er)入(ru)冬后(hou)則(ze)少澆(jiao)。
肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料是(shi)盆(pen)花養分(fen)的(de)來源,施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)合理(li)與否(fou)直接關系到花卉的(de)產量和(he)質量。目前(qian)常用(yong)的(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料有(you)(you)人糞尿、廄(jiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、餅肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、草(cao)木灰等(deng)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及氮、鉀、磷、無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時必(bi)須(xu)注意以(yi)下(xia)幾點:①觀察(cha)花卉是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)缺肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)癥狀(zhuang);②施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必(bi)須(xu)掌握季節(jie)和(he)氣溫變化;③施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)次數(shu)必(bi)須(xu)適度;④施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前(qian)必(bi)須(xu)松土;⑤有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應配合使用(yong);⑥施(shi)用(yong)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必(bi)須(xu)充分(fen)發酵(jiao)腐熟(shu)。
4、病蟲害防治
在病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害的防治中,必須以(yi)防治為主。要(yao)嚴(yan)格檢疫制度(du),杜絕病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害的來源。對(dui)已發現的病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害,應(ying)(ying)堅持"治小、治少、治了(le)"的原則,不能等花卉受害嚴(yan)重時再治,以(yi)免浪(lang)費人力、物(wu)力。花卉中常見的病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害主要(yao)有介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛、粉(fen)虱、蝸牛、猝倒(dao)病、白(bai)絹病、白(bai)粉(fen)病、灰(hui)霉(mei)病、炭疽病等,應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)各病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害的情況選用相應(ying)(ying)藥劑(ji)+新高(gao)脂膜800倍液進行防治,以(yi)生產(chan)出高(gao)質量的花卉產(chan)品。