板式家具的板材分類 板式家具的結構

1、板材簡介：

A、刨花板（Particle Board）：刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)發源地在(zai)(zai)歐洲，存在(zai)(zai)己有將近(jin)60年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史了(le)。它的(de)(de)(de)發明使自然(ran)資(zi)源得到(dao)了(le)有效保護。并克服了(le)天然(ran)木材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，它的(de)(de)(de)不易(yi)(yi)變(bian)形(xing)和穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)物理(li)性能使之得以在(zai)(zai)家具生產(chan)領域被(bei)大量使用(yong)。刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)是由天然(ran)原木經(jing)切剖、粉(fen)碎(sui)、高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)壓制成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)更適合家具加工(gong)生產(chan)和使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)材(cai)，具有不易(yi)(yi)變(bian)形(xing)，握釘力強的(de)(de)(de)優點，因(yin)而(er)在(zai)(zai)歐洲被(bei)作為(wei)一流板(ban)(ban)式(shi)家具的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原材(cai)料(liao)。在(zai)(zai)國內，有人(ren)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)為(wei)工(gong)業廢(fei)料(liao)制成(cheng)，引(yin)起消費者對(dui)刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)誤解。刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)對(dui)木工(gong)機械的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求極(ji)高(gao)(gao)，否則就會出現鋸面(mian)缺口等(deng)現象，從而(er)影響家具質量，所(suo)以許多工(gong)廠不使用(yong)刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)。另(ling)一方面(mian)，確實也有廠家用(yong)劣質刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)生產(chan)家具以節省成(cheng)本，因(yin)而(er)影響了(le)刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)聲譽。刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)缺點是不易(yi)(yi)做彎曲處理(li)

B、 中纖板（MDF，Medium Density Fiberboard）：中密度纖維板的(de)簡稱。特(te)點是(shi)木質勻細，易于加工，尤(you)其(qi)適合曲面及異形設計。

2、基材和表面裝飾材料

現在市場上常看到的家具板是由基材和表面裝飾材料兩部分組成的。表面裝飾材料是貼或附著在基材的表面的。
基材有:木(mu)材，刨(bao)花(hua)板，中密度，集成材等(deng)。

A、表面裝飾材料類型：

表面裝飾材料有：天然木單板（木皮），混色油漆（混油），三聚氰胺，防火板，油漆紙，吸塑的PVC皮子等。
最常用的家(jia)具板(ban)(ban)材，由于(yu)國內早期大部分(fen)生(sheng)產的都(dou)(dou)是(shi)劣質(zhi)(zhi)刨花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)，所以刨花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)的名聲很(hen)臭。但(dan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)刨花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)與優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)相比，刨花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)具有(you)重量(liang)輕，握釘力強(qiang)，防潮防水性好，更容易控(kong)制甲醛釋放量(liang)，不易變形等(deng)優(you)點(dian)，適合用于(yu)家(jia)具平面的地方。它的缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)顆粒大，對油漆，雕(diao)刻，吸塑等(deng)工藝來說應該使用中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)，還有(you)一(yi)些薄板(ban)(ban)應該用中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)。在有(you)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保證的條件下刨花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)與中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)沒(mei)有(you)好壞之(zhi)分(fen)，只是(shi)適合于(yu)不同的用途。另外，所謂高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)的家(jia)具一(yi)般都(dou)(dou)是(shi)中(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)。真正(zheng)高(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)另有(you)用途(如高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)復合地板(ban)(ban))。

B、飾面材料類型：

飾面材料分為：人造(zao)貼(tie)面(mian)和天然木材貼(tie)面(mian)。

人造貼面材料：其優點表面(mian)耐(nai)磨，硬度高，不易起(qi)皮(pi)，色澤均勻，表面(mian)平整，較能夠(gou)抗環(huan)境(jing)因素影響，貼面(mian)穩定(ding)。

天然飾面：多采用0.6毫米天(tian)然木(mu)(mu)材切片，木(mu)(mu)紋(wen)與顏色深淺(qian)色差均來自于大(da)自然獨一無二的創(chuang)造，對(dui)光(guang)的渲染有強(qiang)烈的色彩表(biao)現(xian)力，但(dan)表(biao)面漆面硬(ying)度(du)相對(dui)于三聚(ju)氰胺較軟，耐(nai)磨耐(nai)熱性較差。新家具(ju)在4-6個月內，受光(guang)部分顏色會明顯變(bian)深，如果桌面擺放物品(pin)長期不(bu)移動，會造成物品(pin)下面的木(mu)(mu)皮顏色相對(dui)發(fa)白，但(dan)是在4-6個月后，顏色就基本穩定不(bu)會有大(da)的變(bian)化(hua)。

客戶在對于飾面板的驗收時，應注意以下幾點：

實木貼面材料：應與(yu)基材膠合(he)穩定平滑，板材平面平整，無(wu)起凸或龜裂跡象。

漆面板材：應色(se)澤統(tong)一，漆面(mian)平(ping)整，板材(cai)表面(mian)無遺落(luo)。噴(pen)染之處與封邊(bian)條之間無落(luo)噴(pen)、液涂不嚴之處。

除以上檢驗標準之外，客戶購買還需考慮到家具公司在新產品的開發能力及部件之間的互通性，以備對已購家具不斷的調整。

板式家具的結構

板(ban)式家(jia)(jia)具是以人(ren)造板(ban)為(wei)主要基(ji)材，是板(ban)件為(wei)基(ji)本結構的(de)拆裝組合(he)式家(jia)(jia)具，全部經(jing)表面(mian)裝飾的(de)人(ren)造板(ban)材加五金件連(lian)接而成的(de)家(jia)(jia)具。

板(ban)式家(jia)具具有(you)可拆卸(xie)，造(zao)型古語變化(hua)，外(wai)觀時尚，不(bu)易變形(xing)，質量(liang)穩(wen)定，價格實(shi)惠等基本特征。板(ban)式家(jia)具不(bu)見(jian)的(de)結合通常采用(yong)各種金(jin)(jin)屬五(wu)金(jin)(jin)件連接，裝(zhuang)配(pei)和拆卸(xie)都十分方便，加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)高的(de)家(jia)具可以多(duo)次拆卸(xie)安裝(zhuang)，方便運輸，因為基材(cai)打破了木材(cai)原有(you)的(de)物理結構，所以在溫(wen)、濕度(du)變化(hua)較大的(de)時候，人造(zao)板(ban)的(de)形(xing)變要比(bi)實(shi)木多(duo)得多(duo)，質量(liang)要比(bi)實(shi)木家(jia)具的(de)質量(liang)穩(wen)定。

常見的(de)(de)人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)有(you)膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、細(xi)木(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、刨(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)纖(xian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等。膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（夾(jia)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）常用于(yu)制作(zuo)需要(yao)彎曲變(bian)形的(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)；細(xi)木(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)性能有(you)時會受(shou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)芯材(cai)質影響(xiang)；刨(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（又叫微(wei)粒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、蔗渣板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）材(cai)質疏松，僅用于(yu)低檔家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。性價比最(zui)高(gao)、最(zui)常用的(de)(de)是中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（ＭＤＦ）。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)常見的(de)(de)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)薄(bo)木(mu)（俗(su)(su)稱(cheng)貼(tie)(tie)木(mu)皮(pi)）、木(mu)紋紙（俗(su)(su)稱(cheng)貼(tie)(tie)紙）、PVC膠(jiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、聚脂漆面(mian)(mian)(mian)（俗(su)(su)稱(cheng)烤漆）等。后三種飾(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)通常用于(yu)中(zhong)低檔家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，而天然木(mu)皮(pi)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)用于(yu)高(gao)檔產(chan)品。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)是由中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或刨(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)進行表面(mian)(mian)(mian)貼(tie)(tie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)等工(gong)藝制成的(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。這(zhe)種家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)有(you)很大一(yi)部分是木(mu)紋仿真家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。目前市場上出(chu)售的(de)(de)一(yi)些板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)貼(tie)(tie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)越來(lai)越逼真，光澤度(du)(du)、手感等都不錯，工(gong)藝精細(xi)的(de)(de)產(chan)品價格也很昂貴(gui)。