《團圓之后》為(wei)(wei)莆仙戲(xi)名劇(ju)(ju),中國當代十(shi)大(da)悲(bei)劇(ju)(ju)之一。是劇(ju)(ju)作家陳仁(ren)鑒在1956年(nian)據(ju)莆仙戲(xi)傳統劇(ju)(ju)目《施天文(wen)》(又名《三天媳婦害婆婆》)整理改編的(de),福建仙游縣(xian)鯉(li)聲劇(ju)(ju)團同年(nian)首演。《團圓之后》成為(wei)(wei)鯉(li)聲劇(ju)(ju)團的(de)“鎮(zhen)團之寶”。該劇(ju)(ju)曾(ceng)于1959年(nian)晉京參加建國十(shi)周年(nian)獻禮(li)演出。黨和國家領導人劉少奇、周恩(en)來、朱(zhu)德(de)等觀看演出,并和全體(ti)演職員合影留(liu)念。田(tian)漢著文(wen)認為(wei)(wei)可以(yi)“列入世界悲(bei)劇(ju)(ju)之林”,被譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)“莎士比亞式大(da)悲(bei)劇(ju)(ju)”。
1960年(nian),莆仙(xian)戲《團圓之后(hou)》由長春電(dian)影(ying)制(zhi)片(pian)廠拍攝成舞臺(tai)藝術片(pian),在全(quan)國公(gong)映。1998年(nian),長春電(dian)影(ying)制(zhi)片(pian)廠委托(tuo)廣(guang)州音像出版(ban)社出版(ban)發行VCD影(ying)碟片(pian)。
施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高中(zhong)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)回到(dao)(dao)家中(zhong),正是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)(he)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)婚之(zhi)日,再(zai)(zai)加上(shang)皇(huang)帝恩準為(wei)(wei)其母葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建造貞(zhen)節牌樓。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家三喜(xi)臨門。但這對于葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)大(da)難(nan)臨頭(tou)。原來(lai)葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)表兄(xiong)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成從(cong)小(xiao)青梅竹(zhu)馬感(gan)情(qing)(qing)甚(shen)篤(du),只因葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)父兄(xiong)嫌窮愛富,強(qiang)把(ba)她嫁到(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家。而葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)未(wei)與(yu)(yu)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成斷絕關系(xi),葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過門五(wu)個月,丈夫死(si)(si)去,不久(jiu)她生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),他(ta)(ta)(ta)實際是(shi)(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成之(zhi)子(zi)。葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦(ku)心(xin)將(jiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)教(jiao)養(yang)成人。葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深恐(kong)隱私(si)被發現,犯(fan)下欺君之(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)招致滅門,惟一(yi)(yi)良策便(bian)是(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成割(ge)斷情(qing)(qing)腸。狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)妻柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溫順賢惠(hui),遵(zun)循禮教(jiao),天(tian)不亮即(ji)到(dao)(dao)葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)房里(li)拜(bai)見(jian)太(tai)姑(gu)(gu),不料碰(peng)上(shang)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成。葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)見(jian)隱私(si)已(yi)露,無顏(yan)見(jian)人含恨自(zi)盡。舅舅葉(xie)(xie)廢(fei)丁再(zai)(zai)三逼問柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)姑(gu)(gu)自(zi)盡原因,柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不敢實說,葉(xie)(xie)廢(fei)丁便(bian)咬定是(shi)(shi)她逼死(si)(si)葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),到(dao)(dao)衙(ya)門告狀(zhuang)。柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)實情(qing)(qing)告訴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)無計可施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面怕真情(qing)(qing)暴露滿門抄斬,另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面怕不吐真情(qing)(qing)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)難(nan)保。忽聽知府杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao),情(qing)(qing)急之(zhi)下,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)承認逼死(si)(si)太(tai)姑(gu)(gu),以后再(zai)(zai)設法搭救。杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)不問原由(you),將(jiang)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下獄。葉(xie)(xie)廢(fei)丁仍不滿,到(dao)(dao)按(an)司(si)(si)(si)衙(ya)門告狀(zhuang)。按(an)司(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)提審柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)認逼死(si)(si)太(tai)姑(gu)(gu),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)大(da)怒,痛(tong)責(ze)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)她父兄(xiong)各(ge)40大(da)板(ban)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)見(jian)狀(zhuang)心(xin)如(ru)(ru)(ru)刀絞(jiao)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)判柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)刑,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚇昏過去。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)求杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)說情(qing)(qing)。杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)想(xiang)弄清此(ci)案(an),升官進爵,要(yao)求洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)將(jiang)案(an)子(zi)交他(ta)(ta)(ta)審理。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)探望(wang)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)決心(xin)以死(si)(si)了(le)卻(que)此(ci)案(an)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)怕杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)弄清真相(xiang),也想(xiang)以死(si)(si)救出柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)家。夫妻互訴衷情(qing)(qing)。誰料,他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的談話被杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)偷聽。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)回家,見(jian)鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成痛(tong)哭葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)想(xiang)自(zi)己一(yi)(yi)家都是(shi)(shi)被他(ta)(ta)(ta)所害,于是(shi)(shi)在(zai)酒中(zhong)下毒,決心(xin)與(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)同歸于盡。鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成知酒中(zhong)有(you)毒后,一(yi)(yi)口飲(yin)下,死(si)(si)前(qian)說出他(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)(he)葉(xie)(xie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的關系(xi)以及(ji)俏生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的身世。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聽后悲痛(tong)萬分,接著(zhu)喝下毒酒。杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)、洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)前(qian)來(lai)捉(zhuo)拿鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佾(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)前(qian)質(zhi)問他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men),鄭(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)成是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)父親,有(you)什么罪(zui)(zui)?柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)獄中(zhong)趕來(lai),見(jian)丈夫即(ji)將(jiang)死(si)(si)去,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)離死(si)(si)別(bie)肝腸痛(tong)斷。杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)請(qing)建“節孝樓”,柳(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不要(yao),支開杜(du)國(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai),撞(zhuang)墻而死(si)(si)。貞(zhen)節樓埋葬了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)家。
莆仙(xian)(xian)戲(xi)名(ming)劇(ju)《團圓之后》,源于(yu)《不(bu)用刑審(shen)書》卷四《張縣令設計翻案》篇(pian),又(you)名(ming)《父(fu)子恨》,是劇(ju)作家陳仁鑒在1956年據莆仙(xian)(xian)戲(xi)傳統劇(ju)目《施(shi)天文》(又(you)名(ming)《三(san)天媳婦害婆婆》)整(zheng)理改編的,福建仙(xian)(xian)游縣鯉聲劇(ju)團同(tong)年首演(yan)。
此劇(ju)在清末民初,福建(jian)仙(xian)游莆仙(xian)戲振瑞班、雙玉班均常(chang)演出。劇(ju)情:某婦新(xin)婚三日,婆母自(zi)盡。新(xin)婦到案自(zi)認忤逆,縣(xian)令投其入獄(yu)……縣(xian)令借故杖(zhang)某衙役(yi)妻,并與新(xin)婦同監。役(yi)妻大罵縣(xian)官,婦慰之,并吐肺腑(fu),始(shi)知婆母與人通奸,被她觸見而自(zi)盡,于(yu)是案定。
上世(shi)紀50年(nian)代,陳仁(ren)鑒在福(fu)建仙(xian)游(you)莆(pu)仙(xian)戲(xi)劇團當編劇時,偶然發(fa)現(xian)了從民間搜集(ji)的劇本《施(shi)天(tian)文》。原劇系(xi)公案戲(xi),寫施(shi)天(tian)文的妻(qi)子柳氏(shi)撞見婆婆偷情,婆婆無顏自(zi)盡。為保(bao)婆婆名節,柳承認是(shi)因(yin)自(zi)己(ji)頂撞婆婆而致其(qi)自(zi)盡。后(hou)來,知(zhi)縣復審,終于(yu)探明隱情捉出(chu)奸夫,使將被問斬的柳氏(shi)重獲自(zi)由(you)。陳仁(ren)鑒認為,原戲(xi)宣揚的是(shi)封建禮教,決定(ding)改變藝術表現(xian)形(xing)式(shi),以控訴封建禮教對(dui)人性的迫害。于(yu)是(shi),他(ta)將這出(chu)戲(xi)改編為《團圓之后(hou)》。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)《團(tuan)圓之后(hou)(hou)》劇本中(zhong)(zhong),陳(chen)仁鑒(jian)將(jiang)施(shi)天文(wen)改名施(shi)佾生作為(wei)主角(jiao)。施(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)考中(zhong)(zhong)狀元后(hou)(hou),為(wei)年輕守寡(gua)的(de)母(mu)親葉(xie)氏(shi)請旨旌表。但(dan)是,葉(xie)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)婚(hun)前就與鄭(zheng)司(si)成有情,一(yi)直未斷。在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)佾生婚(hun)后(hou)(hou)第(di)三天深夜,葉(xie)氏(shi)和鄭(zheng)司(si)成商量欲了(le)斷前緣以保名節,但(dan)鄭(zheng)不(bu)肯。第(di)二天清晨,施(shi)的(de)新(xin)婚(hun)妻子柳氏(shi)向婆婆請安時撞見鄭(zheng)司(si)成,葉(xie)氏(shi)羞愧難當,懸梁自(zi)盡。為(wei)了(le)施(shi)家聲譽,施(shi)命柳氏(shi)暫時認罪(zui),其后(hou)(hou)又不(bu)忍妻子冤死,遂向縣令(ling)求情。最后(hou)(hou),為(wei)保施(shi)家祖澤和母(mu)親名節,施(shi)欲毒(du)死鄭(zheng)司(si)成,卻(que)發(fa)現(xian)鄭(zheng)乃(nai)其生父。于是,他將(jiang)毒(du)酒(jiu)灌(guan)進了(le)自(zi)己口中(zhong)(zhong)。