歷史沿革
明(ming)洪武初(約公元1377年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))國(guo)師(shi)寶(bao)曇奉旨來山重修寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan),時(shi)見板屋一(yi)(yi)椽,因山高(gao)風大(da)(da),云(yun)南總兵(bing)祁三(san)(san)(san)升捐資,遂(sui)將之(zhi)覆為鐵(tie)瓦(wa),俗稱鐵(tie)瓦(wa)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(今703電(dian)視(shi)臺處(chu)),按察趙良壁增(zeng)修,后被火焚。明(ming)代(dai)萬歷(li)辛丑29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),妙峰(山西(xi)五臺山僧)、惟密禪師(shi)來峨(e)(e)禮行普賢,發(fa)愿鑄(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)大(da)(da)士滲金(jin)(jin)像以(yi)(yi)(yi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)覆之(zhi)名(ming)山,即(ji)募西(xi)蜀藩王潞安(an)沈(shen)王朱(zhu)模攜(xie)得黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)數(shu)千兩,送往(wang)湖北荊州(zhou)監制,鑄(zhu)于明(ming)萬歷(li)壬寅(公元1602年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),歷(li)經數(shu)載(zai),先后鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)(san)處(chu):一(yi)(yi)在峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)山,二(er)在五臺山,三(san)(san)(san)在普陀山。明(ming)萬歷(li)乙卯(公元1615年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))秋天運至(zhi)峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)組裝,在大(da)(da)峨(e)(e)山鐵(tie)瓦(wa)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后的最高(gao)處(chu),做成了普賢愿王銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通高(gao)二(er)丈(zhang)五尺,寬一(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)四尺四,深(shen)一(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)尺五。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)部為重檐雕甍,環以(yi)(yi)(yi)繡欞瑣窗,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中祀大(da)(da)士銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像,傍(bang)繞萬佛(fo),門枋空處(chu)雕畫,云(yun)棧劍(jian)閣之(zhi)險(xian),頂部通體(ti)敷金(jin)(jin),巍峨(e)(e)浩漾(yang),迢耀(yao)天地,故稱“金(jin)(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”或曰“金(jin)(jin)頂”,明(ming)神宗朱(zhu)翊(yi)鈞御題(ti)橫額稱“永明(ming)華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”。清(qing)(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒16年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1890年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))該(gai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)毀于一(yi)(yi)炬,光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒18年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1892年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))寺(si)(si)(si)(si)僧心啟、月照和(he)尚新(xin)建(jian)(jian)約180平方(fang)米的磚木(mu)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)的殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)碑、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)門等(deng)法(fa)器置其中,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脊(ji)之(zhi)上(shang)置以(yi)(yi)(yi)滲金(jin)(jin)寶(bao)頂,仍不失“金(jin)(jin)頂”之(zhi)莊嚴。民(min)國(guo)12年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1923、1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))又兩次失火后重建(jian)(jian)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府拔(ba)專款對華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)進(jin)行維修,“文(wen)革”(1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))中被“703電(dian)視(shi)臺”占用(yong),作(zuo)為微(wei)波發(fa)射機房(fang),1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月8日上(shang)午9時(shi)30分,因該(gai)臺工作(zuo)人(ren)員在發(fa)電(dian)中操作(zuo)不慎,引起火災,迅速燎原,大(da)(da)火肆虐(nve)二(er)日,使龐大(da)(da)的華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)木(mu)結構(gou)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)蕩然(ran)無存(cun),大(da)(da)量珍貴(gui)佛(fo)教文(wen)物(wu)損失殆盡(jin),成片冷杉(shan)及草甸被毀。清(qing)(qing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒16年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1890年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))至(zhi)1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)歷(li)經幾次大(da)(da)火,目前僅幸存(cun)明(ming)代(dai)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)碑”、“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)門”和(he)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)象”,是峨(e)(e)眉(mei)(mei)山難得的佛(fo)教珍貴(gui)文(wen)物(wu)。
2002年,為了響應四川省人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府提(ti)出,把峨(e)眉山建設(she)成“中國第一山”的(de)(de)號召(zhao),重新規劃(hua)(hua)制(zhi)定了“恢(hui)(hui)復華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)改造工(gong)(gong)程”的(de)(de)方案。本(ben)著宏揚峨(e)眉山佛教(jiao),挖掘(jue)歷(li)史文(wen)化遺存,振興(xing)旅(lv)游(you)的(de)(de)原則,做好科學規劃(hua)(hua),創建以人(ren)(ren)為本(ben)的(de)(de)和諧(xie)社會。搬遷“703電視(shi)臺”,拆(chai)除原華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)前部,整治環境,由峨(e)眉山佛教(jiao)協(xie)會具體承擔,擬建高約48米(含法臺須彌(mi)座)的(de)(de)“十(shi)方普賢”銅像,以恢(hui)(hui)復華(hua)藏(zang)寺(si)(si)(金頂)昔日之(zhi)莊嚴。建設(she)工(gong)(gong)程已(yi)于2004年八月(yue)動工(gong)(gong),2005年底竣工(gong)(gong),配套設(she)施數年完成。
景點
三重殿堂
銅殿(dian)及華藏(zang)寺(si)皆毀(hui)于火。新建(jian)(jian)的金(jin)頂(ding)華藏(zang)寺(si)依山勢而建(jian)(jian),中軸線上由(you)低(di)到高分布(bu)著三重殿(dian)堂(tang)。
第(di)一殿是彌勒殿。殿門上懸掛著趙樸初(chu)先生題(ti)寫的“華藏寺(si)”金匾。寺(si)內(nei)供奉(feng)銅鑄彌勒佛(fo)像,背后是韋馱銅像。殿內(nei)還有三(san)足銅鼎和明萬歷年間銅碑等文物(wu)。
第二殿(dian)(dian)是大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)。殿(dian)(dian)中供奉著銅質(zhi)金身的三(san)身佛,坐(zuo)高3米。殿(dian)(dian)內還有銅磐、銅鐘等(deng)法器以及銅鑄像(xiang)、銅普賢像(xiang)等(deng)佛教文物(wu)。
第三殿是普(pu)賢殿,即金殿、金頂,是峨眉山最高的殿堂(tang)。殿門的匾(bian)額有(you)“金頂”、“行愿無(wu)盡”、“普(pu)賢愿海”、“華(hua)藏(zang)莊嚴”等(deng),為趙樸初、本換、明(ming)腸(chang)等(deng)題寫。殿內(nei)供(gong)奉普(pu)賢騎象銅(tong)像,普(pu)賢端(duan)坐在蓮花臺(tai)上,手執(zhi)如意,蓮臺(tai)置象背上,白象腳踏四朵蓮花。整個造像通體銅(tong)鑄,通高4.5米。殿內(nei)還有(you)銅(tong)鼎等(deng)物。
旅游攻略
1.早上7點(dian)(首(shou)班(ban)車)從新南門車站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出發,終點(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是峨(e)眉山客運站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),轉公交車,大約10點(dian)可以直達(da)報(bao)國寺(si)車站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),再開10分鐘不到就是終點(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)伏虎寺(si)了;
2.伏虎寺、五顯崗、萬年寺、雷洞坪都有檢(jian)票口,在(zai)入(ru)口會有攝像頭(tou)拍照的;
3.報國寺、五顯崗、萬年(nian)寺、雷洞坪(ping)都有(you)車站,可(ke)以(yi)乘車到達;
4.報國寺(si)車站離(li)開報國寺(si)步(bu)行約10分鐘(zhong);
5.五(wu)顯崗車站(zhan)離開清音閣步行約30分鐘;
6.萬年寺車站(zhan),有索道直達萬年寺;也可以徒步(bu)登山,大(da)約1個小時(shi)不(bu)到;
7.雷洞坪到接引殿步行大概(gai)15-20分鐘;
8.接引殿處有金頂索道下站;
9.金頂索道上站(zhan)出口就(jiu)是(shi)金頂;
10.要到(dao)生(sheng)態猴區,最好到(dao)五顯(xian)崗,步行約(yue)1個(ge)多小時可以到(dao)達,基本都是平路;
11.徒步登山(shan),第一(yi)天(tian)建議住在仙峰寺(si);第二天(tian)可以住太子坪或者金頂(ding);
12.離開峨(e)眉山的汽車,不管是到(dao)成(cheng)都還是樂山的,末班(ban)車都是晚上18:00。