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簡介

峨(e)眉山(shan)(shan)是中國(guo)風景秀麗、寺(si)(si)廟(miao)主供普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)菩薩的四大(da)佛教名山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)一（其余為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)西五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)、安(an)徽(hui)九華山(shan)(shan)、浙江普(pu)(pu)陀山(shan)(shan)）。位于四川省(sheng)峨(e)眉山(shan)(shan)市(shi)西南。寺(si)(si)廟(miao)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包括報(bao)(bao)國(guo)寺(si)(si)、伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)寺(si)(si)、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)、清(qing)音閣(ge)、洪(hong)椿坪、華嚴銅(tong)塔(ta)、圣積晚鐘、無(wu)(wu)梁磚殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)。主要有(you)(you)(you)報(bao)(bao)國(guo)、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)、伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)三大(da)寺(si)(si)。在山(shan)(shan)麓入山(shan)(shan)門戶的報(bao)(bao)國(guo)寺(si)(si)，始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（1573-1620年(nian)(nian)），有(you)(you)(you)清(qing)康(kang)熙(xi)御題匾額，寺(si)(si)內有(you)(you)(you)彌勒、大(da)雄、七佛等(deng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和藏經樓(lou)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積1.06萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)宏偉(wei)，內有(you)(you)(you)明初彩釉瓷佛，高達2.4米(mi)。獅子峰(feng)下(xia)的萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)初名普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)寺(si)(si)。創建(jian)(jian)(jian)于東晉隆安(an)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（397-401年(nian)(nian)），原殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇七重，現存二(er)重，系1953年(nian)(nian)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)。內有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)梁磚殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)于明萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)間(jian)（1573-1620年(nian)(nian)），通高16米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)穹隆頂方(fang)(fang)形無(wu)(wu)梁殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，內有(you)(you)(you)北宋太平興國(guo)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)（980年(nian)(nian)）鑄造的普(pu)(pu)賢(xian)菩薩騎(qi)六(liu)牙白象銅(tong)鑄像，通高7.3米(mi)，重62噸。伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)嶺下(xia)的伏(fu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)寺(si)(si)，始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐代（618-907年(nian)(nian)），建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積1.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，寺(si)(si)宇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂林立(li)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)巍峨(e)。牛(niu)心嶺下(xia)的清(qing)音閣(ge)有(you)(you)(you)樓(lou)、閣(ge)、亭、臺等(deng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群體，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積2000平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，黑、白龍江在此相會，風景極佳。天池峰(feng)下(xia)的洪(hong)椿坪古稱千(qian)(qian)佛庵，三重殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積3320平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，寺(si)(si)內有(you)(you)(you)清(qing)代七方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)佛蓮燈具，雕工(gong)高超(chao)。 [1]

峨(e)眉山(shan)圣(sheng)(sheng)壽萬年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)中國(guo)宋、明(ming)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教鑄(zhu)像(xiang)。在四川省峨(e)眉山(shan)市峨(e)眉山(shan)半山(shan)萬年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)創建于東(dong)晉(jin)，名(ming)(ming)普賢(xian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)，唐易名(ming)(ming)白(bai)水寺(si)(si)(si)(si)，宋更名(ming)(ming)白(bai)水普賢(xian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)。明(ming)神宗朱(zhu)翊鈞(jun)賜名(ming)(ming)圣(sheng)(sheng)壽萬年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)。1947年(nian)(nian)秋，除明(ming)代磚(zhuan)(zhuan)殿(dian)外幾毀(hui)壞殆盡。現有殿(dian)宇(yu)兩重，系1953年(nian)(nian)重建。萬年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)，以磚(zhuan)(zhuan)殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)宋代普賢(xian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)最(zui)為著名(ming)(ming)，殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)其(qi)(qi)他小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)共331尊(zun)，皆玲瓏精麗。此外，巍峨(e)殿(dian)、大雄(xiong)殿(dian)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)鑄(zhu)像(xiang)，亦屬(shu)珍貴。1961年(nian)(nian)中華人(ren)民共和國(guo)國(guo)務院公布為全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位。圣(sheng)(sheng)壽萬年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)（即峨(e)眉山(shan)萬年(nian)(nian)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)無粱磚(zhuan)(zhuan)殿(dian)）建于明(ming)萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間（1573～1620），為穹窿頂(ding)方(fang)形(xing)無梁殿(dian)，東(dong)向。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)有銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)共306件。其(qi)(qi)中普賢(xian)騎象巨型銅(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)1件，“圓覺”鐵(tie)像(xiang)24件，小(xiao)鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)280件，小(xiao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)1件。均集中存放于殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)。

普賢銅像

普(pu)賢(xian)(xian)銅像(xiang)位于(yu)殿中，坐(zuo)西向(xiang)東。通高(gao)7.85米(mi)，重約62噸(dun)（內(nei)(nei)(nei)侍奉旨監造）。佛(fo)像(xiang)通體(ti)敷金(jin)(jin)，高(gao)3.64米(mi)，雙膝坐(zuo)于(yu)六(liu)牙(ya)(ya)象(xiang)背負之(zhi)(zhi)貼金(jin)(jin)蓮(lian)花(hua)座上(shang)(shang)。蓮(lian)高(gao)1.39米(mi)，徑(jing)2.22米(mi)。佛(fo)像(xiang)頭帶雙層金(jin)(jin)冠，冠高(gao)1.07米(mi)，徑(jing)0.83米(mi)。邊(bian)緣(yuan)四(si)(si)周(zhou)鑄(zhu)有金(jin)(jin)佛(fo)像(xiang)；連眼(yan)微合，唇角稍斂，給人以(yi)莊嚴、肅穆、慈祥之(zhi)(zhi)感；袒胸(xiong)飾(shi)(shi)瓔硌，身披袈裟；右手執(zhi)金(jin)(jin)如(ru)意，左手置胸(xiong)前，手心向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)。　六(liu)牙(ya)(ya)象(xiang)四(si)(si)蹄遒勁有力，卷鼻舒尾，似將(jiang)遠行，很富動感；背飾(shi)(shi)雕鞍。象(xiang)高(gao)3.13米(mi)，長(chang)（鼻端至(zhi)(zhi)尾椎）5.23米(mi)，背寬(kuan)2.20米(mi)，胸(xiong)圍6.85米(mi)，頸圍4.15米(mi)，鼻端離(li)地面(mian)0.08米(mi)；腿長(chang)1.3米(mi)；耳縱(zong)長(chang)1.35米(mi)；牙(ya)(ya)6個(ge)，左右各3，皆長(chang)0.9米(mi)；四(si)(si)蹄各踏蓮(lian)花(hua)蹬，蹬徑(jing)1.0米(mi)，高(gao)0.3米(mi)。佛(fo)像(xiang)體(ti)空(kong)、壁(bi)厚，平均厚約0.1米(mi)。整個(ge)像(xiang)體(ti)，系(xi)分塊焊接而(er)成(cheng)。為北(bei)宋(song)太(tai)平興國五(wu)年（公(gong)元980年），宋(song)太(tai)宗趙光(guang)命內(nei)(nei)(nei)侍張仁贊，攜金(jin)(jin)于(yu)成(cheng)都鑄(zhu)造，運至(zhi)(zhi)此地組裝。曾經歷明(ming)萬歷二十七年（公(gong)元1599年）和明(ming)末3次火災，以(yi)及民國35年（公(gong)元1946年）1次火災峨眉山相傳(chuan)為普(pu)賢(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)場，而(er)宋(song)代普(pu)賢(xian)(xian)銅像(xiang)又保(bao)存于(yu)萬年寺明(ming)磚(zhuan)殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)，說明(ming)此處(chu)正是(shi)普(pu)賢(xian)(xian)道(dao)(dao)場的中心所在。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)上(shang)(shang)部橫(heng)龕(kan)6道(dao)(dao)，列置小(xiao)銅佛(fo)像(xiang)307尊(zun)；四(si)(si)壁(bi)下部小(xiao)龕(kan)24個(ge)，各置小(xiao)鐵佛(fo)像(xiang)1尊(zun)，鑄(zhu)造也很精美。大(da)(da)雄殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)有大(da)(da)型銅佛(fo)像(xiang)3尊(zun)，系(xi)明(ming)嘉(jia)靖甲午年（即嘉(jia)靖十三年，1534）鑄(zhu)造。巍峨殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)的佛(fo)、道(dao)(dao)銅鐵像(xiang)為明(ming)、清遺物。