亞稀褶紅(hong)菇(gu)(gu),是(shi)(shi)劇毒菌(jun)種,俗稱火炭(tan)菌(jun),是(shi)(shi)云(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)野生菌(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒死(si)亡(wang)率較高的(de)毒菌(jun)種類。近年來(lai),我省(sheng)每年均發(fa)生多(duo)起因誤食亞稀褶紅(hong)菇(gu)(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒及死(si)亡(wang)的(de)事件(jian)(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒病死(si)率可高達(da)70%以(yi)上。導(dao)致中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒事件(jian)(jian)頻發(fa)的(de)主(zhu)要原因是(shi)(shi)該菌(jun)與多(duo)地(di)老(lao)百姓(xing)經(jing)常采食的(de)紅(hong)菇(gu)(gu)屬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)其他種類如(ru)稀褶紅(hong)菇(gu)(gu)、密褶紅(hong)菇(gu)(gu)外(wai)觀極為(wei)相似,老(lao)百姓(xing)都稱為(wei)火炭(tan)菌(jun),很難從外(wai)觀形態上將它們區分(fen)開來(lai)。
亞稀褶紅(hong)菇的(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)體中等大小。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋表(biao)面呈灰(hui)白色(se)、淺(qian)灰(hui)色(se)至煤(mei)灰(hui)黑(hei)(hei)色(se),成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)后常向上(shang)反(fan)卷,邊緣(yuan)無條(tiao)棱。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)肉呈白色(se),受傷(shang)后易變(bian)(bian)紅(hong)色(se)而不(bu)再變(bian)(bian)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶白色(se),受傷(shang)后變(bian)(bian)紅(hong)色(se),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶厚,稍(shao)密至稍(shao)稀疏,不(bu)等長(chang),脆而易碎,直生(菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶與菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)柄相連(lian))。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)柄粗(cu)短,圓柱形,污白色(se)、淺(qian)灰(hui)白色(se)至灰(hui)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)過(guo)老后整個菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)體都會變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)煤(mei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。
亞稀褶紅菇(gu)廣泛分布(bu)于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)華(hua)東(dong)、華(hua)中(zhong)、華(hua)南(nan)、西南(nan)和華(hua)北南(nan)部地(di)區(qu)。尤(you)其是(shi)云(yun)南(nan)省多地(di)均(jun)有分布(bu),一(yi)般(ban)夏秋季7月上旬(xun)至9月下旬(xun)在馬尾松與(yu)栲樹等(deng)山毛櫸科植物的混(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)中(zhong)地(di)上分散或成群生長。
誤食后(hou)發病快(kuai),在1小時內出(chu)現(xian)癥狀(zhuang)。開始表(biao)現(xian)為惡心、嘔吐、腹(fu)痛(tong)、腹(fu)瀉(xie)現(xian)象(xiang),24小時后(hou),出(chu)現(xian)全身乏力明顯,肌(ji)(ji)肉痙攣性(xing)疼痛(tong),胸悶(men)、心悸(ji),呼吸急(ji)促困(kun)難。血尿或血紅(hong)蛋白尿,出(chu)現(xian)醬(jiang)油色尿液。最后(hou)出(chu)現(xian)急(ji)性(xing)腎(shen)功能衰竭,甚至死亡。是我國(guo)主要(yao)引(yin)起橫紋肌(ji)(ji)溶解型的品種(zhong),中(zhong)毒(du)(du)后(hou)立(li)即就醫,目前尚無特效解毒(du)(du)劑,只能對癥處理。