黃山宮簡介
黃(huang)山宮位于興平(ping)市馬嵬街道(dao)正北約1公里(li)處(chu),東距興平(ping)市13公里(li),西距貴妃(fei)墓2公里(li),坐落在塬坡下(xia),地(di)勢北高南低,為西漢早期之(zhi)道(dao)教圣地(di),距今(jin)已有2200多年歷史。
據明(ming)正德年間康海所立(li)碑石記載(zai):“漢惠帝建黃山(shan)(shan)宮,漢武(wu)帝曾微服私幸(xing),改老子(zi)祠,唐太宗(zong)以(yi)裔出,老子(zi)祠更加修(xiu)繕,玄宗(zong)幸(xing)蜀乞靈(ling)于此,手植槐焉(yan)”。漢唐時期,黃山(shan)(shan)宮為(wei)皇家道觀。明(ming)清功德碑記載(zai),歷(li)史上黃山(shan)(shan)宮屢有修(xiu)葺。在兩千年的歷(li)史長河(he)中,黃山(shan)(shan)宮一(yi)直(zhi)興盛不(bu)衰。
黃山宮在縣、鄉兩級(ji)政府的關懷幫助下,基礎設施得到很(hen)大改善,2003年(nian)牌(pai)樓(lou)及(ji)門前廣場竣工(gong),2009年(nian)修通到黃山宮45米寬的水泥路(lu)。興(xing)平市道教協會在干渠上(shang)修了弓形橋,橋北(bei)建有鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)。太上(shang)槐植于黃山宮院落中央,南為(wei)三(san)清殿,北(bei)有九宮十八洞,洞內供奉著各(ge)路(lu)神仙(xian)。相傳道教祖師(shi)老子最早在黃山宮傳道,后遷往樓(lou)觀臺,因南北(bei)相望,故黃山宮又稱(cheng)北(bei)樓(lou)觀。四時(shi)八節不斷有人來許愿(yuan),古(gu)廟會期間朝拜人次超(chao)過10萬(wan)。
黃山(shan)宮東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩邊平行排列著幾條大溝,嶺高溝深,黃土裸露。東(dong)(dong)邊的(de)嶺當地(di)(di)人(ren)稱“鱉蓋(gai)”。西(xi)北方向約(yue) 500米處(chu),是(shi)新石(shi)器時代的(de)黃山(shan)遺址。東(dong)(dong)約(yue) 20米有賀(he)氏(shi)(shi)洞,據碑石(shi)記載,為堂(tang)主賀(he)氏(shi)(shi)率弟子鑿成,洞口塌陷嚴(yan)重。賀(he)氏(shi)(shi)洞以東(dong)(dong)另(ling)一條溝崖上(shang)有三個洞口,入(ru)內低頭可(ke)走(zou),傳(chuan)說很(hen)深,但內部塌陷。黃山(shan)宮東(dong)(dong)面溝崖上(shang)留有窯洞 80余處(chu),是(shi)李家坡村民先祖居住過的(de)地(di)(di)方。干渠以南約(yue) 100米處(chu)有自涌泉兩處(chu),泉水流淌日夜不(bu)停,水質(zhi)含硒(xi)等對人(ren)體有益(yi)的(de)微量礦(kuang)物質(zhi)元素(su),清洌(lie)甘(gan)甜可(ke)飲用(yong)。
黃山宮的旅(lv)游(you)資(zi)源種類多,而且比較集中,并毗鄰楊貴(gui)妃(fei)(fei)墓(mu)。以楊貴(gui)妃(fei)(fei)墓(mu)為龍頭(tou)的馬嵬中心地區旅(lv)游(you)雛形初現。
黃(huang)山宮是一處(chu)道教圣(sheng)地,相傳(chuan)老子(zi)(zi)騎青牛在樓(lou)觀臺講道時(shi),曾夜宿黃(huang)山宮,“漢(han)惠(hui)帝建(jian)黃(huang)山宮,漢(han)武帝曾微服私(si)幸,改老子(zi)(zi)祠(ci),唐太(tai)宗以裔(yi)出,老子(zi)(zi)祠(ci)更(geng)加修繕,玄宗幸蜀乞靈(ling)于此,手植槐焉”(據明(ming)正德年間康海(hai)所立(li)碑石記載(zai))。盛(sheng)唐詩人王維以“黃(huang)山舊(jiu)繞漢(han)宮斜(xie)”的(de)佳句贊嘆黃(huang)山宮的(de)美景。
歷史
其地(di)古稱黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan),西(xi)漢(han)惠帝(di)二(er)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前193年(nian))就山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)鑿洞(dong)(dong)(dong)建(jian)廟宮(gong)(gong),供(gong)老(lao)子(zi),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)早期活動的地(di)方。據《東方朔傳(chuan)記(ji)》載,建(jian)元(yuan)三年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前138年(nian))漢(han)武(wu)帝(di)穿便服出游,北至(zhi)池陽,西(xi)到黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)。《三輔(fu)黃(huang)(huang)圖》也記(ji)載:“武(wu)帝(di)微(wei)行西(xi)至(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)也”。傳(chuan)說武(wu)帝(di)很(hen)孝,其母有(you)病,他曾在(zai)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)母要過藥(yao)。據王莽傳(chuan)記(ji)載:王莽篡位時,訛(e)言黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)墮死黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)中(zhong),百姓奔(ben)走往觀者(zhe)有(you)萬數(shu)。到了唐(tang)代(dai),唐(tang)太宗(zong)李(li)世民(min)因與(yu)老(lao)子(zi)同(tong)姓,自認(ren)是老(lao)子(zi)的后裔,改黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)老(lao)子(zi)宅,大加修(xiu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并提倡道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)。唐(tang)高(gao)宗(zong)乾(qian)封(feng)元(yuan)年(nian),進封(feng)老(lao)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)“太上玄皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)”。唐(tang)玄宗(zong)開元(yuan)二(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian),視道(dao)(dao)士為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)室,二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)建(jian)玄元(yuan)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)廟于各(ge)地(di)。安(an)史之(zhi)亂后,唐(tang)玄宗(zong)從四(si)川回(hui)長(chang)安(an)途經馬嵬(wei)時去黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)燒香(xiang)(xiang)朝(chao)拜老(lao)子(zi),并在(zai)院內親手(shou)栽植了一(yi)棵槐(huai)樹,今已1200多年(nian),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)文物。明(ming)、清(qing)兩代(dai)多有(you)建(jian)修(xiu),規模宏大,香(xiang)(xiang)火(huo)旺盛。清(qing)同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)(1861)陜(shan)西(xi)回(hui)民(min)起義攻打興(xing)(xing)平,黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)被(bei)回(hui)民(min)義軍放火(huo)燒毀。同(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(1873)興(xing)(xing)平群眾(zhong)捐(juan)(juan)款(kuan)復修(xiu)東西(xi)兩側。光緒三十(shi)年(nian)(1904)興(xing)(xing)平、乾(qian)縣、武(wu)功周圍群眾(zhong)捐(juan)(juan)款(kuan)重修(xiu),建(jian)有(you)山(shan)(shan)門、二(er)門、鐘(zhong)樓、鼓樓、卷(juan)棚、玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)(huang)殿(dian)、三清(qing)殿(dian)、老(lao)君洞(dong)(dong)(dong),靠山(shan)(shan)崖半(ban)圓形排列十(shi)六個窯洞(dong)(dong)(dong),各(ge)塑神像。1954年(nian)拆除,大部分廟殿(dian)移蓋學校。“文化大革(ge)命”中(zhong),神像全被(bei)砸毀,后來(lai)窯洞(dong)(dong)(dong)逐漸倒塌。1980年(nian)后有(you)一(yi)姓魏的道(dao)(dao)人居住。近年(nian)來(lai)群眾(zhong)捐(juan)(juan)錢(qian)修(xiu)中(zhong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),塑老(lao)子(zi)泥像,蓋三間瓦房,供(gong)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)(huang),周圍有(you)善男信女1000余人,每年(nian)農歷二(er)月十(shi)五日趕(gan)廟會。
政策扶持
馬嵬(wei)地區(qu)旅游景(jing)(jing)點(dian)各具(ju)特色,楊貴妃墓(mu)以唐文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)見長,黃(huang)山(shan)宮(gong)突出(chu)道教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),馬嵬(wei)驛展(zhan)示農(nong)耕文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、民(min)俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)和自然(ran)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan),馬嵬(wei)過境(jing)段(duan)現代(dai)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)農(nong)業發(fa)達(da)。我市(shi)(shi)要(yao)實現資源由(you)分散經營向(xiang)整體(ti)經營推進(jin),將(jiang)(jiang)楊貴妃墓(mu)、馬嵬(wei)驛民(min)俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)村、黃(huang)山(shan)宮(gong)、馬嵬(wei)現代(dai)都(dou)市(shi)(shi)農(nong)業等景(jing)(jing)點(dian)納入整體(ti)規劃建設(she)之中(zhong),協同推進(jin)旅游資源整體(ti)開發(fa)建設(she)。同時,將(jiang)(jiang)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內各景(jing)(jing)點(dian)串(chuan)聯起(qi)來,達(da)成成片建設(she)目的。目前(qian),要(yao)聘請(qing)有關方面的專家學(xue)者,對(dui)整個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)制定一(yi)個(ge)全面的高起(qi)點(dian)的發(fa)展(zhan)規劃,綜合考慮發(fa)展(zhan)與保護、發(fa)展(zhan)與管理的關系,使整個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)及景(jing)(jing)點(dian)建設(she)和發(fa)展(zhan)有章可循。
濃厚的(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是馬嵬(wei)景(jing)區(qu)最具(ju)優勢的(de)資(zi)(zi)源,提升景(jing)區(qu)景(jing)點文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)神韻是下一(yi)(yi)步(bu)景(jing)區(qu)發展的(de)核心(xin)所在。目前,馬嵬(wei)景(jing)區(qu)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)景(jing)觀中,唐文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)景(jing)觀建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)(he)規劃(hua)設(she)計比較完善。黃山宮道教文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)在景(jing)點布局和(he)(he)(he)建(jian)設(she)上則比較弱,沒(mei)有得(de)到充分發掘。馬嵬(wei)現代(dai)都市農業還沒(mei)有和(he)(he)(he)旅游(you)緊(jin)緊(jin)融為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體,資(zi)(zi)源價值沒(mei)有得(de)到合理利用。下一(yi)(yi)步(bu),馬嵬(wei)景(jing)區(qu)應(ying)當突(tu)出重點、整(zheng)體推進,在傳(chuan)承與創新、保護(hu)與發展的(de)基礎上,突(tu)顯歷史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、自(zi)然生態、旅游(you)發展的(de)融合,增強景(jing)區(qu)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)輻射和(he)(he)(he)品牌價值。