他是鄂豫皖(wan)革命(ming)根據地和紅(hong)四方面軍創始人(ren)之一(yi),曾任紅(hong)二十五軍軍長、軍政委(wei),鄂豫陜省委(wei)代理(li)書記等重要(yao)職務。
1926年(nian),吳煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)在(zai)黨的(de)領導下,建立起(qi)一(yi)支農民武(wu)裝。1927年(nian)11月,吳煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)參(can)加并領導了著名(ming)的(de)黃(huang)麻起(qi)義。1932年(nian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)組建成(cheng)立后,吳煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)任(ren)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長。次年(nian)3月,吳煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)指揮(hui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)郭(guo)家(jia)河將敵(di)(di)35師104旅兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)團全(quan)部殲滅,俘敵(di)(di)2000多(duo)名(ming),隨后在(zai)潘家(jia)河殲滅敵(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)團。接著,又在(zai)楊泗(si)寨殲敵(di)(di)300多(duo)名(ming)。三(san)(san)戰三(san)(san)捷,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)聲(sheng)威大(da)震。1934年(nian)11月,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)高舉“中國工農紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北上抗(kang)日第(di)二先(xian)(xian)遣隊”的(de)旗幟,踏上長征之路。當時(shi)他(ta)們只有2980多(duo)人(ren)(ren),遭(zao)到國民黨近十萬部隊的(de)圍(wei)追堵截。吳煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)在(zai)極端(duan)困難情況下,率領紅(hong)(hong)(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻克鎮安(an)縣城,占領寧(ning)陜(shan)(shan)、佛(fo)坪、洛南(nan)等縣城,建立了華陽(yang)革(ge)命根(gen)據(ju)地、豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)邊革(ge)命根(gen)據(ju)地,為粉碎敵(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)兩(liang)次“圍(wei)剿”,創建鄂豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)革(ge)命根(gen)據(ju)地,擴大(da)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作出(chu)重大(da)貢獻(xian)。
1935年7月(yue),紅(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)北出秦嶺(ling),威逼西安(an)。吳(wu)煥(huan)先獲知紅(hong)四(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)北上(shang)動向(xiang)的消(xiao)息(xi)后,毅然決定西進甘肅迎接(jie)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang),北上(shang)會合(he)陜甘紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun),有力地配(pei)合(he)了(le)黨(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)、中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)北上(shang)。1935年8月(yue)21日,吳(wu)煥(huan)先在(zai)涇川四(si)坡村羊圈洼戰斗中(zhong)(zhong)英(ying)勇(yong)犧牲(sheng),年僅28歲。隨后,紅(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)軍(jun)(jun)長徐海(hai)東(dong)、政(zheng)治(zhi)委員程子(zi)華率(lv)領下與陜北紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)會師。毛澤(ze)東(dong)對(dui)紅(hong)25軍(jun)(jun)領導深情地說:“紅(hong)二(er)十五軍(jun)(jun)遠征為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)革命立(li)了(le)大功,吳(wu)煥(huan)先功不(bu)可沒。”
涇(jing)川縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府以(yi)紅25軍(jun)激戰(zhan)四坡村時的指揮所“紅軍(jun)樓”和吳煥先(xian)烈士陵園(yuan)為基(ji)(ji)礎,建立(li)青少年(nian)(nian)愛國(guo)主(zhu)義教(jiao)育基(ji)(ji)地,搜集整理紅25軍(jun)革(ge)命文物(wu),布(bu)設展室。2005年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來,涇(jing)川縣(xian)(xian)愛國(guo)主(zhu)義教(jiao)育基(ji)(ji)地被平涼市(shi)委(wei)命名為“市(shi)級黨史教(jiao)育基(ji)(ji)地”,列入甘肅(su)省愛國(guo)主(zhu)義教(jiao)育紀念館免費開放名單(dan)。近年(nian)(nian),共接待(dai)游客100多萬人(ren)次(ci)。
根據《陳展(zhan)大綱》,吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)烈士(shi)紀念館(guan)(guan)分(fen)兩(liang)個(ge)板塊布展(zhan)。吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)烈士(shi)紀念館(guan)(guan)板塊從5個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)陳展(zhan):吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)是鄂(e)豫皖(wan)革(ge)命(ming)根據地和(he)(he)紅(hong)四方(fang)(fang)面(mian)軍(jun)(jun)創始人之(zhi)一;吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)率(lv)25軍(jun)(jun)長征,并為25軍(jun)(jun)的壯大和(he)(he)粉碎敵人兩(liang)次(ci)“圍剿”作出重大貢獻;吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)在陜(shan)南創建鄂(e)豫陜(shan)革(ge)命(ming)根據地;吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)在涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)的革(ge)命(ming)活動;吳(wu)(wu)煥(huan)先(xian)(xian)壯烈犧牲(sheng)于(yu)涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)。涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)革(ge)命(ming)歷(li)史板塊分(fen)4個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)陳展(zhan):大革(ge)命(ming)時(shi)期(qi),國民(min)革(ge)命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)北伐途徑涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)、馮玉(yu)祥“涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)訓令碑”和(he)(he)其他歷(li)史人物、事件;土地革(ge)命(ming)時(shi)期(qi),建立涇(jing)(jing)河川(chuan)支部的王(wang)孝錫及"鳳翔路口起義"、荔堡阻擊戰(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)重要人物、事件;抗日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)時(shi)期(qi)涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)人民(min)的抗日救亡、紅(hong)村(cun)子運(yun)動、支前和(he)(he)迎接解放等(deng)革(ge)命(ming)運(yun)動;解放戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)期(qi)間涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)的革(ge)命(ming)活動。整(zheng)個(ge)布展(zhan)以歷(li)史照(zhao)片和(he)(he)文物為主,并采用(yong)蠟像、浮(fu)雕和(he)(he)聲光(guang)電(dian)等(deng)手段,烘托(tuo)主題、見證歷(li)史,增強對參觀者的吸(xi)引(yin)力。