縣衙簡介
葉(xie)(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙,位于河南省(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內,始(shi)建于明洪(hong)武二年(nian)(公元(yuan)1369年(nian)),自始(shi)建至(zhi)1997年(nian),一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)作為(wei)(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府所(suo)在地而(er)得(de)以保存至(zhi)今。1997年(nian)12月開始(shi)對(dui)(dui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙進行修復,并(bing)以此為(wei)(wei)依托(tuo)成立葉(xie)(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙博(bo)物館,1999年(nian)國慶期間對(dui)(dui)外開放。是目前我(wo)國現存的(de)古代(dai)衙署中惟一(yi)(yi)的(de)明代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙建筑。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)明代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙不(bu)但規模宏大,氣勢雄(xiong)偉,而(er)且還是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)五品縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙。根(gen)據我(wo)國古代(dai)的(de)官制(zhi),知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)七品官銜,而(er)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)卻為(wei)(wei)五品縣(xian)(xian)(xian)令。按照明代(dai)體制(zhi)。
縣衙建筑
葉縣縣衙為省級文物保護單位,建于明代洪武二年(公元1369年),位于(yu)葉(xie)縣昆陽鎮中(zhong)心街,占地面積(ji)16848平方(fang)米,整(zheng)座(zuo)建筑由中(zhong)軸(zhou)和東、西(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)副(fu)線(xian)(xian)上的(de)41個單元、153間房屋組成。位于(yu)中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上的(de)建筑由南向(xiang)北照壁(bi)、大(da)門(men)(men)、儀門(men)(men)、卷(juan)棚、大(da)堂、宅(zhai)(zhai)門(men)(men)、二堂、三(san)堂及附屬的(de)科、班廂房等(deng);東側(ce)(ce)副(fu)線(xian)(xian)依(yi)次為獄房、廚院、知縣宅(zhai)(zhai)等(deng);西(xi)側(ce)(ce)副(fu)線(xian)(xian)依(yi)次為西(xi)群(qun)房、虛(xu)受(shou)堂、思補齋等(deng);三(san)堂后為大(da)仙祠和后花(hua)完;大(da)門(men)(men)東側(ce)(ce)有編鐘演奏室和文(wen)物展室,在(zai)這(zhe)里,游客可以(yi)欣賞我(wo)了古代宮廷音(yin)樂,還可以(yi)瀏覽我(wo)了僅存在(zai)的(de)珍貴文(wen)物70多件。
葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于中原腹(fu)地,自古就是南通云貴、北達幽燕的交(jiao)通要(yao)道,戰(zhan)略(lve)位置十分重(zhong)要(yao)。漢代(dai)葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)又是由(you)葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、昆陽、紅陽、舞陽及綢陽的部分合并(bing)而(er)成,加之當(dang)時(shi)(shi)人口(kou)及上(shang)繳稅賦較多(duo)(duo),均(jun)屬上(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),所以,明清時(shi)(shi)期葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)行政長官多(duo)(duo)可享受同知銜(正(zheng)五品)待(dai)遇。葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)具有重(zhong)要(yao)的歷史價(jia)值、藝術價(jia)值和(he)科學價(jia)值。據省文物(wu)局1997年10月組織專(zhuan)家說,葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)建筑群落布局合理、規模宏大,是我國古代(dai)為數不多(duo)(duo)的幸存者。其建筑形式融南北之風格(ge),對研究我了(le)古代(dai)建筑的風格(ge)、流派特點及變化規律具有重(zhong)要(yao)的價(jia)值,也是研究我了(le)古代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)級(ji)政權機構(gou)的重(zhong)要(yao)實物(wu)依(yi)據。
館藏文物
縣(xian)衙內設有(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)庫房(fang)(fang)(fang)及(ji)展(zhan)廳。文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)庫房(fang)(fang)(fang)及(ji)展(zhan)廳建于2001年(nian)12月,建筑(zhu)面積473平方米(mi),屬磚(zhuan)混結構(gou)、仿古建筑(zhu)。分文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)庫房(fang)(fang)(fang)、精品(pin)(pin)(pin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)陳展(zhan)大廳、監控室、值班(ban)室等部分,從1000多件(jian)(jian)(jian)庫存(cun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中,選出300多件(jian)(jian)(jian)精品(pin)(pin)(pin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)進行(xing)展(zhan)覽,其中有(you)70多伯文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)全僅存(cun)的稀世珍(zhen)寶。2002年(nian),舊縣(xian)4號(hao)墓出士的一(yi)套完整的青(qing)銅(tong)編鐘現展(zhan)于此,其復(fu)制品(pin)(pin)(pin)被放(fang)在(zai)編鐘演奏廳專門(men)用于演奏。縣(xian)衙博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館及(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)庫房(fang)(fang)(fang)現有(you)藏品(pin)(pin)(pin)2100多件(jian)(jian)(jian)(套)、其,一(yi)級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)62件(jian)(jian)(jian),二級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu) 51件(jian)(jian)(jian),三級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)409件(jian)(jian)(jian),一(yi)般文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)680件(jian)(jian)(jian),其它文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1000多件(jian)(jian)(jian)。
藏品以(yi)征(zheng)集(ji)的明、清時期木制家具為主。在(zai)搞好(hao)陳列工作的同時,葉縣縣衙(ya)博物館以(yi)自身文化特色為基(ji)礎,把現(xian)存省(sheng)保(bao)單位(wei)黃庭堅《幽蘭賦》碑及《戒石銘(ming)》復制并制作成(cheng)拓片(pian)、印刷本,以(yi)縣衙(ya)藏品為內(nei)容(rong)開發制作成(cheng)金箔畫等(deng)工藝品,還組織編(bian)寫了《葉縣沈諸梁》、《葉氏溯源》、《葉縣縣署(shu)》資料等(deng)。
歷史沿革
葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya),是(shi)目前我國現存的(de)(de)古代(dai)衙(ya)署(shu)中(zhong)惟一的(de)(de)明代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)建(jian)筑。葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)明代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)不但規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da),氣勢雄偉(wei),而(er)且還是(shi)一座五品(pin)(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)。根據我國古代(dai)的(de)(de)官制,知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一般(ban)為七品(pin)(pin)官銜,而(er)葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卻為五品(pin)(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令。按照明代(dai)體制,全國的(de)(de)屬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分為上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)下(xia)三等。葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)域(yu)寬廣,由(you)漢(han)代(dai)的(de)(de)葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昆陽、紅陽、舞陽4縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)犨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)部分組成(cheng),每年上(shang)(shang)(shang)繳稅賦(fu)10萬(wan)石以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);加之(zhi)根據畿、望、緊、赤的(de)(de)條件,葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處南北交(jiao)通要(yao)道,處于緊(交(jiao)通要(yao)道)位置,故縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令多由(you)同知銜的(de)(de)五品(pin)(pin)官擔任。因此,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)的(de)(de)規(gui)格也(ye)比一般(ban)的(de)(de)要(yao)高(gao)。據省(sheng)文物局(ju)(ju)專家論證,葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)建(jian)筑群落布(bu)局(ju)(ju)合理、規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da),其建(jian)筑形式(shi)融南北之(zhi)風(feng)格,對(dui)研究我國古代(dai)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)風(feng)格、流(liu)派特點(dian)及(ji)變化規(gui)律等都具(ju)有重要(yao)價值(zhi)。
葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)程于(yu)1997年12月8日正式開工(gong),至1999年10月1日主體部分對外開放。2001年7月,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府決定對縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙東、西副線上的(de)建(jian)筑進行全面(mian)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)。經過一年多的(de)緊(jin)張(zhang)施工(gong),目前(qian)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)程已經結束。為(wei)完成縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)程,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府投(tou)(tou)入了大量的(de)人力、物力;共(gong)拆除縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙周圍(wei)112家住戶(hu)的(de)房(fang)(fang)間310間;拆除單位樓房(fang)(fang)建(jian)筑5幢;總拆遷面(mian)積近7000平(ping)方米;投(tou)(tou)入資(zi)金640萬(wan)元(yuan)。整個修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)作嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)修(xiu)(xiu)舊如舊的(de)原則,較好(hao)地保留了明清風(feng)格(ge)。修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)后的(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙由大堂、二堂、三(san)堂及所屬(shu)的(de)東西班房(fang)(fang)、六科(ke)房(fang)(fang)和東西廂房(fang)(fang)以及監獄、廚(chu)院、知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)宅、西群(qun)房(fang)(fang)、虛受堂、思(si)補齋、南北書屋、后花園、大仙祠等(deng),共(gong)41個單元(yuan)、153間房(fang)(fang)屋,是(shi)目前(qian)國(guo)內保存最(zui)完整的(de)古代衙署。
葉縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)自1999年國慶(qing)節(jie)前對(dui)外開(kai)放(fang)以來,共(gong)接待(dai)中外游客10萬(wan)余人,省、部級以上(shang)領導30多(duo)(duo)位。葉縣(xian)(xian)明代縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)已經(jing)成(cheng)為葉縣(xian)(xian)對(dui)外開(kai)放(fang)的重要窗口(kou)。為增加縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)文化的內涵,提(ti)高觀(guan)賞價值,葉縣(xian)(xian)又把文物庫(ku)房搬(ban)遷到(dao)新落成(cheng)的文物展廳內,從1000多(duo)(duo)件庫(ku)存文物中選出300多(duo)(duo)件精品進(jin)行展覽,其中有70多(duo)(duo)件文物為全國僅存的稀世珍(zhen)寶(bao)。
我(wo)國(guo)歷史上曾有(you)(you)過兩萬多座(zuo)各級(ji)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)門,現在僅(jin)殘(can)存7座(zuo),其中縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)僅(jin)余(yu)4座(zuo),即(ji)江西浮梁縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)、山西平(ping)遙(yao)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)和我(wo)省的內鄉縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya),而葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)是唯一(yi)一(yi)座(zuo)明(ming)代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)。據(ju)(ju)《河南(nan)通(tong)志》載:葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)洪武(wu)二年,距今已有(you)(you)600多年歷史。據(ju)(ju)省文物局組織專家(jia)論證,葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)(ya)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)建(jian)筑(zhu)形式融南(nan)北之風格(ge),對研究我(wo)國(guo)古代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)的風格(ge)、流派特點及變(bian)化規律等(deng)都具有(you)(you)重要價值。
交通信息
公交車
華(hua)寶商場站(zhan)乘坐(zuo)30路,經過4站(zhan), 到達師專(zhuan)站(zhan) 步(bu)行約30米,到達平頂山學院
自駕
1、從(cong)平頂山站向正西方向出發,沿建設路行駛610米,左轉進入光明路
2、 沿光明路行駛3.0公里,稍(shao)向左后轉彎(wan)進入S241
3、沿S241行(xing)駛2.2公里,右前方轉(zhuan)彎(wan)
4、 行駛410米,直行進(jin)入(ru)農科路(lu)
5、 沿農科路行駛(shi)2.6公(gong)里,左前方轉彎進入南洛高速公(gong)路
6、沿南洛高速公路行駛8.4公里,右前方(fang)轉彎進(jin)入S103
7、沿S103行駛440米,左前方轉彎進入G311
8、沿G311行駛2.9公(gong)里(li),直行進入昆陽大(da)道
9、沿昆陽(yang)大(da)道(dao)行駛360米,右轉進入九龍路(lu)
10、沿九(jiu)龍路行駛180米(mi),到達終點