北(bei)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)漢墓(mu)陳列館位(wei)于(yu)徐州北(bei)十公里(li)茅村鄉洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)村,和(he)徐州市區一(yi)河之隔。在京杭大(da)運(yun)河的(de)北(bei)岸(an),為(wei)一(yi)15米高(gao)的(de)小山(shan)銅山(shan)茅村鎮洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)村,地理(li)位(wei)置(zhi)優越(yue),自(zi)然環(huan)境優美(mei),北(bei)面緊靠茅村漢畫(hua)像石墓(mu),西(xi)鄰九里(li)區龜山(shan)漢墓(mu),東靠津浦鐵路和(he)104國道,南側京杭運(yun)河自(zi)西(xi)向東緩緩流過。
北洞(dong)山漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)石(shi)室鑿制(zhi)而成,其上又加封土(tu)夯筑,規模(mo)宏大。墓(mu)(mu)穴由(you)墓(mu)(mu)道(dao)、主體墓(mu)(mu)室、附(fu)屬(shu)墓(mu)(mu)室等部(bu)分組成,全長達70米,最(zui)寬(kuan)處20米,使(shi)用面積320平方(fang)米。
主(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坐北朝南,前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道、甬道,甬道中(zhong)(zhong)用巨石(shi)堵(du)塞。主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)側(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、前(qian)堂(tang)、后(hou)(hou)寢8間,主(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)面(mian)用石(shi)粉涂平,髹漆后(hou)(hou)再涂朱砂,用以(yi)防腐防潮。四壁(bi)空空,既無(wu)板灰(hui),亦無(wu)骨灰(hui)。附屬建筑(zhu)(zhu)共計11間,當(dang)為其(qi)府庫倉(cang)儲(chu)(chu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)儲(chu)(chu)藏室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、更衣室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、浴(yu)間、廚房、井、灶、廁(ce)所等,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)舞樂(le)(le)宴(yan)飲的(de)(de)場所(出(chu)大(da)批(pi)殘舞樂(le)(le)俑(yong)(yong))墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道前(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)部分露(lu)天開鑿(zao)填土夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu),中(zhong)(zhong)部東(dong)西(xi)壁(bi)鑿(zao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)安放彩繪陶涌的(de)(de)小龕,內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)220件(jian)(jian)彩涌,進墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道用塞石(shi)封堵(du),主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)均鑿(zao)于山(shan)巖中(zhong)(zhong),由(you)耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、側(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、前(qian)堂(tang)、后(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、庫房、廁(ce)所等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。附屬墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)在(zai)山(shan)坡上(shang)鑿(zao)出(chu)堅穴,頂(ding)由(you)條(tiao)石(shi)砌成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)字形,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)較大(da)的(de)(de)樂(le)(le)舞廳(ting)面(mian)積達(da)465平方米(mi)。北洞山(shan)漢墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)早(zao)年(nian)曾多(duo)次被盜(dao),但還清理出(chu)不少珍貴的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)物,有(you)(you)(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)帶鉤及小件(jian)(jian)金(jin)(jin)飾(shi),銅編鐘,門(men)鎖鋪首,弩機(ji)箭(jian)頭;玉(yu)(yu)器有(you)(you)(you)(you)透雕(diao)玉(yu)(yu)佩,玉(yu)(yu)劍飾(shi);漆器惜多(duo)腐朽,但紋飾(shi)仍很(hen)(hen)鮮明形多(duo)為盤案(an)之(zhi)屬;陶俑(yong)(yong)也很(hen)(hen)多(duo),惜無(wu)完整者(zhe)。最能說明墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)楚(chu)王身(shen)份的(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)縷玉(yu)(yu)衣的(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)片五六十(shi)(shi)片,呈鱗片狀,當(dang)是(shi)(shi)早(zao)期(qi)的(de)(de)形制(zhi),正好為《呂氏春(chun)秋(qiu)》上(shang)的(de)(de)含珠鱗施作了(le)(le)注釋(shi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道是(shi)(shi)出(chu)地(di)了(le)(le)大(da)量的(de)(de)半兩錢(qian),總數約有(you)(you)(you)(you)七(qi)、八萬枚(mei),這一(yi)方面(mian)說明其(qi)年(nian)代是(shi)(shi)在(zai)西(xi)漢前(qian)期(qi),另一(yi)方面(mian)也反映(ying)了(le)(le)諸侯王在(zai)其(qi)封國內(nei)可以(yi)大(da)量鑄錢(qian),對了(le)(le)解當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)政治、經濟、文(wen)(wen)化具有(you)(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)價值。此(ci)外還出(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)銅印,如(ru)“楚(chu)宮司丞”、“虹(hong)之(zhi)左尉(wei)”等印。特別值得一(yi)提的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),在(zai)清理墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道時(shi),于兩壁(bi)新發現(xian)七(qi)個(ge)小壁(bi)龕,每龕約有(you)(you)(you)(you)彩繪陶俑(yong)(yong)三十(shi)(shi)余身(shen),共二(er)(er)百二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)軀,個(ge)個(ge)“神采奕奕”形象生動,這也是(shi)(shi)清理此(ci)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)收獲。
據(ju)推(tui)斷墓主(zhu)人是西漢(han)第二代楚衛劉郢客,系高(gao)祖劉邦之(zhi)侄、楚元(yuan)王劉交之(zhi)子,下葬年(nian)(nian)代應在公元(yuan)前(qian)175年(nian)(nian)。北(bei)洞山漢(han)墓是目前(qian)我國發(fa)現的一座按照陽間生活(huo)場景而建成的帝王冥宅。
北(bei)洞(dong)山漢(han)墓系國家級重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位,1984年(nian)由(you)徐(xu)州博物(wu)館和(he)南京博物(wu)館發掘(jue),1988年(nian)建成北(bei)洞(dong)山漢(han)墓陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)館,次年(nian)初對游(you)人(ren)開(kai)放。陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)館主要由(you)圍(wei)墻、展廳(ting)、辦公區、墓穴及封土幾部分組成,占地面積(ji)36畝,四周(zhou)圍(wei)墻鑲(xiang)嵌36塊仿漢(han)畫(hua)像石刻(ke),展覽面積(ji)500平方米,陳(chen)(chen)列(lie)(lie)文物(wu)40余件,封土堆(dui)上種植雪(xue)松、龍(long)柏、古槐等(deng)樹木(mu),整個館區環境優雅,但又(you)不失(shi)莊嚴(yan)肅穆的風(feng)貌。