茶區概況
汀溪蘭香茶原產(chan)于涇縣汀溪鄉大坑村,這里山(shan)(shan)高(gao)林密,幽(you)谷縱橫,土壤肥沃,氣(qi)候溫和(he),“晴(qing)時(shi)早晚遍地(di)霧,陰雨成天(tian)滿山(shan)(shan)云”。生(sheng)長在這群峰環抱中(zhong)的茶樹,常年以(yi)山(shan)(shan)花為(wei)伴,白云為(wei)友,清(qing)泉(quan)為(wei)鄰。優越(yue)的生(sheng)態環境孕(yun)育(yu)出肥嫩(nen)滴(di)翠(cui)的茶芽,再經過精心采制,就(jiu)成為(wei)香高(gao)味醇的名茶了。
涇縣是安徽省(sheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)個老茶(cha)區,尖(jian)茶(cha)是傳統產品。遠在唐宋年代,就曾出過白云蘭片、梅花片、涂(tu)尖(jian)等類(lei)的(de)(de)名貴茶(cha)葉。傳說(shuo)清朝皇(huang)帝六下(xia)南途經寧(ning)國府時,知府大人獻下(xia)涇縣汀溪產的(de)(de)貢尖(jian)款待,飲(yin)后贊不絕口,吩(fen)咐隨從(cong)多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)帶上(shang),以便途中飲(yin)用。
清(qing)朝(chao)末(mo)年,涇縣汀溪、愛民等(deng)地的尖(jian)茶(cha)已暢銷沿(yan)江(jiang)各大(da)城(cheng)市,還曾成批出口東南(nan)亞一(yi)帶(dai),故而當(dang)時尖(jian)茶(cha)又被稱之(zhi)為“洋尖(jian)”。清(qing)朝(chao)學者胡(hu)聳孫稱譽其為“瑞(rui)草(cao)葳蕤,南(nan)國(guo)無雙。”
涇縣(xian)(xian)尖(jian)茶(cha)現主要(yao)產(chan)于涇縣(xian)(xian)東南(nan)(nan)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)的(de)愛民(min)(min)、南(nan)(nan)容(rong)、汀溪、銅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、晏(yan)(yan)公(gong)、陳(chen)(chen)村等鄉(xiang)鎮。這(zhe)些地(di)區(qu)多(duo)為黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)的(de)余峰分部地(di)帶(dai),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高林密,溪流瀠洄,氣候(hou)溫濕(shi),“晴(qing)時早晚遍地(di)霧,陰(yin)雨成(cheng)天(tian)滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)云”,土壤(rang)較肥沃。其中以(yi)受民(min)(min)的(de)陰(yin)尖(jian)、南(nan)(nan)容(rong)的(de)濂長、汀溪的(de)大坑、銅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)麻嶺(ling)、晏(yan)(yan)公(gong)的(de)茶(cha)沖、陳(chen)(chen)村的(de)里塢坑等地(di)所(suo)產(chan)尖(jian)茶(cha)品質最好。
汀(ting)溪蘭(lan)香(xiang)產于涇縣汀(ting)溪大坑(keng),當地四季山清水秀。長年云霧繚繞。每(mei)當春季來(lai)臨(lin),山上蘭(lan)花競(jing)相(xiang)開放,縷縷馨香(xiang)遍布全境(jing),在此生(sheng)長的茶葉(xie)具有蘭(lan)花之馨香(xiang)。
發展歷史
“汀溪蘭(lan)香”茶(cha)創制(zhi)(zhi)于1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由陳椽教授親自(zi)創制(zhi)(zhi)并題名(ming)(ming)的尖茶(cha)類名(ming)(ming)茶(cha)精(jing)品(pin)(pin)。已(yi)十(shi)(shi)多(duo)次榮獲(huo)(huo)國內外(wai)評(ping)比大(da)獎,受到參(can)評(ping)專家和(he)廣大(da)消費者的一(yi)(yi)致贊賞。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)汀溪蘭(lan)香在(zai)涇縣名(ming)(ming)優茶(cha)評(ping)比中名(ming)(ming)列前茅(mao),1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)安(an)徽省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)茶(cha),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月在(zai)北京獲(huo)(huo)首屆(jie)(jie)全國農業博覽(lan)會銅獎。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)澳門國際新技術(shu)、新發(fa)明、新產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)博覽(lan)會上(shang)獲(huo)(huo)優質產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)稱號(hao)(hao),1997 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)(huo)得“中茶(cha)杯”全國名(ming)(ming)茶(cha)評(ping)比一(yi)(yi)等獎,2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)(huo)第四屆(jie)(jie)(韓國)國際名(ming)(ming)茶(cha)評(ping)比金(jin)獎,2003 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)榮譽,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)“安(an)徽省(sheng)著名(ming)(ming)商(shang)標”,2006 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)成為(wei)“安(an)徽省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又被(bei)省(sheng)政府授予“安(an)徽省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”、2008 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又獲(huo)(huo)“安(an)徽省(sheng)十(shi)(shi)大(da)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)名(ming)(ming)茶(cha)”稱號(hao)(hao)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢測合格(ge)率一(yi)(yi)直都為(wei)100% 。
制作工藝
汀溪蘭(lan)香的(de)采、制(zhi)工藝要(yao)求是十分嚴格的(de)。特(te)尖要(yao)求采一(yi)芽(ya)(ya)二葉初(chu)展芽(ya)(ya)葉,茶農形(xing)(xing)象地稱為“一(yi)葉抱,二葉靠”。茶芽(ya)(ya)還須(xu)(xu)肥壯完(wan)好,長約3厘米(mi),每100個鮮茶芽(ya)(ya)重量應為15克左右。采回的(de)鮮葉必須(xu)(xu)立即攤(tan)放,一(yi)般(ban)是上午(wu)采,下午(wu)制(zhi)。汀溪蘭(lan)香的(de)制(zhi)作工藝主(zhu)要(yao)有殺青和烘(hong)焙兩道。殺青投(tou)葉量要(yao)少,拌炒(chao)為主(zhu)。烘(hong)焙用炭火,分初(chu)烘(hong)和復烘(hong)兩道。初(chu)烘(hong)、復烘(hong)均用四只烘(hong)籠(long)連續進行,其中并(bing)有輕壓做形(xing)(xing)。尖茶外形(xing)(xing)松散,難以貯藏(zang)保鮮,因此要(yao)求成品茶含(han)水(shui)量低于4%。
鮮葉分級
適合制的(de)鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)要求在一(yi)芽二葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以上,但鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)要分(fen)級采摘。將一(yi)芽二、三葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)作(zuo)一(yi)等次,一(yi)芽三、四葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)又(you)分(fen)一(yi)等次,老(lao)茶作(zuo)另一(yi)檔次分(fen)開。采茶時(shi)應(ying)采用“提折(zhe)”采,禁用指甲(jia)“捏采”及“一(yi)手抓采”,盡量避(bi)免損(sun)傷嫩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。忌緊壓(ya)、曝曬(shai)、雨淋鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。上午(wu)十點前鐘后(hou)所采的(de)鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)分(fen)開制作(zuo)。
曬青
總體(ti)原則是薄攤(tan)快曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)。要求(qiu)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)均勻一(yi)(yi)致,失水(shui)率在(zai)某些(xie)方面15~20%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(即10斤鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)經曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)后(hou)重量在(zai)8.5至(zhi)(zhi)8斤左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)).曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)標準以頂芽(ya)下(xia)第二片葉(xie)(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)色變(bian)為(wei)(wei)暗綠、有光澤,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片微向后(hou)卷為(wei)(wei)度(du)。曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)程(cheng)度(du)應根據鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)嫩度(du)、產茶季(ji)節、氣(qi)溫高(gao)低|、空氣(qi)濕度(du)的(de)大小(xiao)、光照(zhao)強度(du)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)可連續程(cheng)度(du)等靈活掌(zhang)握(wo),以便發(fa)揮此工藝的(de)最佳水(shui)準,提高(gao)成(cheng)茶的(de)質量檔次(ci)(ci)。曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)在(zai)室(shi)外當陽處以篾制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品或鐵篩墊曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai),曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)攤(tan)放厚度(du)宜(yi)(yi)薄不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)厚,以葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片這(zhe)間互無遮擋(dang)為(wei)(wei)最好(hao)(hao);整個(ge)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)過(guo)程(cheng)需輕手翻(fan)動2至(zhi)(zhi)3次(ci)(ci),使曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)受光照(zhao)程(cheng)度(du)均勻一(yi)(yi)致。在(zai)空氣(qi)濕度(du)大、氣(qi)溫較低的(de)天氣(qi)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)程(cheng)度(du)應重些(xie),在(zai)氣(qi)溫較高(gao)、光照(zhao)強烈或不(bu)(bu)能保持制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作連續性(時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)充分(fen)(fen)(fen))情況下(xia)則不(bu)(bu)能重曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai),強光照(zhao)(中午)或高(gao)溫條件下(xia)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)應分(fen)(fen)(fen)次(ci)(ci)進(jin)行,每次(ci)(ci)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)超過(guo)10分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong),氣(qi)溫超過(guo)35℃時(shi)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)進(jin)行曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)。曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)時(shi)間在(zai)春(chun)、秋季(ji)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)掌(zhang)握(wo)在(zai)30至(zhi)(zhi)45分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),夏季(ji)則在(zai)15至(zhi)(zhi)25分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。不(bu)(bu)論(lun)在(zai)哪一(yi)(yi)個(ge)季(ji)節,凡曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)到5分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)即顯(xian)濃郁花香的(de)鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應立即停(ting)止曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing),移至(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)內攤(tan)放2至(zhi)(zhi)3小(xiao)時(shi)后(hou),待再顯(xian)花香時(shi)則可殺青(qing)(qing),以綠茶的(de)方式炒制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)以聞這(zhe)微青(qing)(qing)、略帶“水(shui)香”味(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)(hao),聞這(zhe)顯(xian)甜味(wei)(wei)、或全為(wei)(wei)“水(shui)香”味(wei)(wei)則為(wei)(wei)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)(shai)青(qing)(qing)過(guo)度(du)。
攤放做青
青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)葉移室(shi)內(nei)(nei)1至(zhi)2小(xiao)時(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)即可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)手法是兩手伸開,掌心向(xiang)上(shang),手指叉(cha)(cha)開,將(jiang)曬青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)葉輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)捧起,掌心抖動(dong),手指微向(xiang)上(shang)提,使(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)葉叢手掌兩邊(bian)及指隙(xi)間(jian)滑(hua)下(xia),葉子(zi)受(shou)(shou)振支散開,葉邊(bian)受(shou)(shou)到摩擦。或(huo)兩緊握篩沿(yan),前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)左右輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)抖動(dong),使(shi)葉子(zi)在篩內(nei)(nei)互相碰撞,這兩種方法在做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中經常(chang)交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)使(shi)用(yong)。一(yi)(yi)般須(xu)經3至(zhi)5次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)才進(jin)(jin)行(xing)殺青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),高香一(yi)(yi)般做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)次(ci)(ci)數超(chao)過(guo)(guo)5次(ci)(ci),此工序(xu)耗(hao)時(shi)在4至(zhi)10小(xiao)時(shi)這間(jian)。做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)分為促(cu)(cu)活與呈(cheng)香兩個階(jie)段,前(qian)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段須(xu)經2至(zhi)3次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),耗(hao)時(shi)2至(zhi)3小(xiao)時(shi),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段在3小(xiao)時(shi)以上(shang)。做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)總原則(ze)(ze)是輕(qing)(qing)手、多(duo)次(ci)(ci)、先輕(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)重;做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)次(ci)(ci)數逐次(ci)(ci)增多(duo);攤(tan)放間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)時(shi)間(jian)逐步(bu)拉長。在具體操作中亦受(shou)(shou)氣溫的(de)高低、曬青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)程(cheng)度(du)等因素的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)應(ying)適度(du)調(diao)整做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)及攤(tan)入(ru)(ru)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)時(shi)間(jian)。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)次(ci)(ci)數來(lai)回2至(zhi)3次(ci)(ci),以后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)每次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)次(ci)(ci)數逐倍增加。每次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)時(shi)間(jian)逐步(bu)延長,即第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)攤(tan)放1小(xiao)時(shi)才進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)第(di)(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),則(ze)(ze)第(di)(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)須(xu)攤(tan)放1小(xiao)時(shi)以上(shang)則(ze)(ze)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)難以達(da)到理想效果。做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段主要(yao)是促(cu)(cu)使(shi)鮮(xian)葉內(nei)(nei)水(shui)分的(de)重新(xin)均勻分布,去除部(bu)分青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)味。使(shi)葉色堅挺呈(cheng)活氣(即與剛曬青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)時(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣),利于(yu)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)均勻。在進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)第(di)(di)(di)三次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鮮(xian)葉呈(cheng)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)辣味,第(di)(di)(di)四次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)顯青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)辣帶(dai)花(hua)(hua)香,在理往(wang)前(qian)第(di)(di)(di)五次(ci)(ci)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)顯香花(hua)(hua)香略帶(dai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)辣味,待香氣伏后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)即可(ke)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)工序(xu),也(ye)可(ke)再做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)才進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)一(yi)(yi)工序(xu)。若(ruo)出(chu)現花(hua)(hua)香帶(dai)甜味的(de)情況應(ying)及時(shi)轉(zhuan)入(ru)(ru)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)工序(xu)。若(ruo)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)葉變為純(chun)味則(ze)(ze)為做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)過(guo)(guo)度(du)或(huo)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)進(jin)(jin)間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長成茶不(bu)具花(hua)(hua)香。
殺青
殺(sha)青與綠(lv)茶(cha)方式的(de)鍋溫求大體相似,但操作手法卻(que)與黃(huang)茶(cha)類同(tong)。殺(sha)青過程(cheng)要求“多悶(men)少揚,揚悶(men)結合”。鍋溫以能斷(duan)續聽到鍋底“噼啦(la)”聲(sheng)為度,急(ji)迫的(de)“噼啦(la)”聲(sheng)為鍋溫偏高(gao)。殺(sha)青程(cheng)度以綠(lv)茶(cha)制作相同(tong)。
揉捻
揉捻與綠茶(cha)相(xiang)同,但揉捻程(cheng)度(du)可以(yi)重些,揉捻葉溫在30至45℃之間對成茶(cha)品(pin)質(zhi)增進(jin)作用(yong)。
烘干
烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)過程(cheng)要求比較嚴格(ge)。揉捻葉解決(jue)后應及時烘(hong)(hong)制。烘(hong)(hong)溫(wen)掌握先高(gao)后低的原(yuan)則進行(xing),烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)前期溫(wen)度(du)(du)在100至(zhi)(zhi)120度(du)(du)左右(you),時間在30分(fen)鐘(zhong)左右(you),中途翻轉(zhuan)2至(zhi)(zhi)3次,后轉(zhuan)入70至(zhi)(zhi)90度(du)(du)的火(huo)(huo)溫(wen)烘(hong)(hong)至(zhi)(zhi)9成(cheng)干(gan)(gan)(gan),再(zai)經(jing)離火(huo)(huo)攤(tan)涼10分(fen)鐘(zhong)左右(you)轉(zhuan)入60至(zhi)(zhi)70度(du)(du)火(huo)(huo)溫(wen)燉火(huo)(huo)3至(zhi)(zhi)6個小時,即為烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)到度(du)(du)。
包裝
茶時經烘干攤涼后及時包(bao)裝,避(bi)(bi)光、避(bi)(bi)異味(wei)、放(fang)陰涼干燥處保(bao)存。
沖泡方法
汀溪蘭香沖(chong)泡時,應根(gen)據茶葉的(de)老嫩(nen)、葉張大小(xiao),以(yi)及含絨多寡(gua)等(deng)外觀因素來決定注水(shui)方(fang)式。綠茶沖(chong)泡的(de)方(fang)法(fa)由注水(shui)、投(tou)放茶葉方(fang)式的(de)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)而稱之(zhi)為上投(tou)法(fa)、中投(tou)法(fa)和下投(tou)法(fa)。
上(shang)投法(fa):先在玻璃杯中(zhong)注七分滿的(de)水(shui),然(ran)后向杯中(zhong)投放茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)。這種方法(fa)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)芽(ya)細(xi)嫩,緊細(xi)重實(shi)的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)。優點在于(yu)(yu)讓茶(cha)(cha)(cha)芽(ya)避免(mian)水(shui)流激(ji)蕩(dang),自然(ran)與水(shui)浸潤,以利(li)于(yu)(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)湯的(de)細(xi)柔爽口甘(gan)甜。
中(zhong)投法:先(xian)在玻璃(li)杯中(zhong)注(zhu)三分(fen)水(shui)(shui),放(fang)入(ru)茶(cha)葉,輕(qing)輕(qing)搖晃使(shi)茶(cha)葉與(yu)水(shui)(shui)初(chu)步浸(jin)潤,然(ran)后再(zai)向(xiang)杯中(zhong)注(zhu)滿七分(fen)水(shui)(shui)使(shi)茶(cha)葉與(yu)水(shui)(shui)充分(fen)浸(jin)潤。這種方法適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)茶(cha)芽細嫩,葉張扁平(ping)或(huo)茸毫多而易浮水(shui)(shui)面(mian)的茶(cha)葉。
下投法(fa)(fa):先在杯中(zhong)放入茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie),注(zhu)入少量足(zu)以(yi)浸潤(run)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)的水(shui),輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)搖晃使(shi)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)與水(shui)初步浸潤(run),然后再向杯中(zhong)注(zhu)滿水(shui)使(shi)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)與水(shui)充分(fen)(fen)浸潤(run)。這種方法(fa)(fa)適用于葉(xie)張扁平或寬大的茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)。用以(yi)上方法(fa)(fa)沖泡后,約一分(fen)(fen)鐘左右出茶(cha)(cha),即可泡出綠茶(cha)(cha)鮮爽回(hui)甘、水(shui)醇湯柔的特點。那(nei)種茶(cha)(cha)缸一壺泡到底的便捷方式不太(tai)適宜于綠茶(cha)(cha),這樣一來,綠茶(cha)(cha)最引以(yi)為(wei)豪(hao)的維生素氨基酸等營(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)已經由高溫悶泡而(er)轉化而(er)消失了。
有的人喜歡用(yong)蓋碗、瓷(ci)壺(hu)或(huo)紫砂(sha)壺(hu)沖泡,也不是不可行,只(zhi)要(yao)根(gen)據茶(cha)(cha)具來把握(wo)水溫(wen)和出茶(cha)(cha)時(shi)間,泡出綠茶(cha)(cha)的特點,都會泡出一杯芳香甘(gan)美(mei)的好(hao)茶(cha)(cha)。
茶葉的功效
茶為(wei)藥用,在我國已(yi)有(you)2700年的歷史。根據《本(ben)草綱目》記載,茶葉具(ju)有(you)散風(feng)熱、清頭(tou)目、生(sheng)津止渴、消(xiao)食提神、消(xiao)炎解毒、降(jiang)壓降(jiang)脂(zhi)等藥理功能。茶葉中富(fu)含維(wei)生(sheng)素C、維(wei)生(sheng)素D、維(wei)生(sheng)素E、多種氨基酸,B—胡蘿卜、多酚類(lei)、三萜(tie)甙(dai)類(lei)等物質及鈣(Ca)、鉀(K)、鈉(na)(Na)、錳(meng)(Mn)、鉬(Mo)、鎂(Mg)、鐵(tie)(Fe)、鋅(xin)(Zn)、硒(Se)、鍺(Ge)、鉻(Cr)、鎳(nie)(Ni)、磷(P)等人體必需微量元素。
現代科(ke)學(xue)大量(liang)研(yan)究證(zheng)實(shi),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉藥理(li)功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)之(zhi)多(duo),作用之(zhi)廣,是(shi)其他飲(yin)料無可替代的。對治療高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓、肥胖癥、口(kou)腔炎、咽喉炎等療效(xiao)顯著;對急性胃炎、感冒、肚痛、痧氣、瘧疾、便秘等有(you)較好療效(xiao);對鼻咽癌(ai)(ai)、食道癌(ai)(ai)有(you)抑制作用;煮(zhu)水外洗能(neng)治療多(duo)種(zhong)皮膚病及燙傷等;如果(guo)把它當作茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)泡飲(yin),其滋味甘(gan)涼、生(sheng)津止(zhi)渴(ke)、先苦后甘(gan),回味持久,故被(bei)(bei)人們譽稱(cheng)為‘綠色(se)黃(huang)金’、‘益(yi)壽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)’、‘美容茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)’”。現代科(ke)學(xue)臨床應(ying)(ying)用表明(ming),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉具有(you)消(xiao)暑解(jie)毒、消(xiao)炎殺(sha)菌、化痰止(zhi)咳、健(jian)(jian)胃消(xiao)積、提神醒腦、減肥搞(gao)癌(ai)(ai)和抗輻射(she)、降血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓、降血(xue)(xue)(xue)脂、降膽固醇等功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)。被(bei)(bei)國內外消(xiao)費者譽為保健(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、益(yi)壽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、美容茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),是(shi)一種(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用極為廣泛(fan)的天然多(duo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)植物(wu)飲(yin)料。
茶(cha)葉具體作用有:
1、有(you)助于(yu)延緩衰老。茶多酚具有(you)很強的(de)抗氧(yang)化(hua)性(xing)(xing)和生理活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing),是人體自(zi)由基的(de)清(qing)除(chu)劑,能阻斷脂質過氧(yang)化(hua)反工應(ying),清(qing)除(chu)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)酶的(de)作用。
2、有助于(yu)抑(yi)制心血管疾病。茶多(duo)酚,有助于(yu)使這(zhe)種斑狀增(zeng)生受到(dao)抑(yi)制,使形成血凝黏度增(zeng)強(qiang)的纖維蛋白原降低,凝血變清,從而抑(yi)制動脈粥樣硬化。
3、有助于(yu)預防(fang)和抗癌。茶多(duo)酚(fen)可(ke)以阻斷亞硝酸鉸等多(duo)種致癌物(wu)質(zhi)在體內合成,并具有直接殺(sha)傷(shang)癌細(xi)胞和提高機(ji)體免疫能力(li)的功效。
4、有助于(yu)預防和治(zhi)療輻(fu)射(she)傷(shang)害(hai)。茶多(duo)酚及其氧化產物具有吸(xi)收放射(she)性(xing)物質鍶90和鈷60毒害(hai)的能力。對因放射(she)輻(fu)射(she)而(er)引起(qi)的白血球減少(shao)癥治(zhi)療效果(guo)更好(hao)。
5、有(you)(you)助于抑制和抵抗病毒菌。茶多酚有(you)(you)較強的收(shou)斂作用(yong),對病原菌、病毒有(you)(you)明顯(xian)的抑制和殺滅作用(yong),對消炎止瀉(xie)有(you)(you)明顯(xian)效果。
6、有助于美(mei)容護膚(fu)。茶多酚是水(shui)溶性物質,用它洗瞼能清除面(mian)部的油膩(ni),收斂毛孔,具有消毒、滅菌、抗皮膚(fu)老化,減少(shao)日光中的紫外線輻射對皮膚(fu)的損傷等功效(xiao)。
7、有助(zhu)于醒腦提神。茶葉中(zhong)的(de)咖啡(fei)堿能促(cu)使人(ren)體(ti)中(zhong)樞(shu)神經興奮(fen),增(zeng)強大腦皮層的(de)興奮(fen)過程(cheng),起到提神益(yi)思、清心的(de)效果。
8、有助于利(li)尿解乏。茶(cha)葉中的咖啡堿可(ke)刺激腎(shen)臟(zang),促(cu)使(shi)尿液迅速排(pai)出體外(wai),提高(gao)腎(shen)臟(zang)的濾(lv)出率,減少(shao)有害物(wu)質在腎(shen)臟(zang)中滯留時間。咖啡堿還可(ke)排(pai)除尿液中的過量(liang)乳酸(suan),有助于使(shi)人體盡快消(xiao)除疲(pi)勞。
9、有助于降脂助消化。茶葉(xie)中的(de)咖啡堿能提高胃(wei)液的(de)分泌量,可以幫助消化,增強分解脂肪(fang)的(de)能力。所(suo)謂(wei)“久食令人瘦”的(de)道理就在這里。
10、有助(zhu)于護(hu)齒(chi)(chi)明(ming)目。茶(cha)葉(xie)中含氟量(liang)較高,這對預防齲齒(chi)(chi),護(hu)齒(chi)(chi)、堅齒(chi)(chi),都是(shi)有益(yi)的。茶(cha)葉(xie)中的維(wei)生素C等成分,能降低眼(yan)睛晶(jing)體(ti)混(hun)濁度(du),經常飲茶(cha),對減少眼(yan)疾、護(hu)眼(yan)明(ming)目均有積極的作用。