一.產品介紹
化(hua)(hua)德(de)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)(da)草原南緣,清末民初,清王朝實行(xing)(xing)“招墾實邊”政策,使得(de)山(shan)西、河北農(nong)民大(da)(da)(da)批涌入境(jing)(jing)內(nei)開荒種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di),大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)基(ji)本屬于一家(jia)一戶小面積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植,僅(jin)供自家(jia)食(shi)(shi)用(yong),多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)會拿到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)集(ji)市(shi)上出售。直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)新中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立后,當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)才有了(le)較大(da)(da)(da)發展。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)水澆地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)恢復到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)28250畝(mu),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)5.08萬(wan)畝(mu),隨(sui)著(zhu)水澆地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)(da)(da),當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)得(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)快速發展,2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總播面積(ji)(ji)70.32萬(wan)畝(mu),其中(zhong)以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)4萬(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達16.6萬(wan)噸。通過(guo)節水灌溉工程(cheng)(cheng)實施,目前大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)已經發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)7.5萬(wan)畝(mu)。據當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)傳說(shuo)、流傳典故以(yi)及老人講(jiang)述:在明朝初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),明成(cheng)祖朱棣出征平定漠北和(he)征討蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)韃靼(da)等部(bu)落時,途經哈必嘎、萬(wan)隆(long)店(dian)(康(kang)保境(jing)(jing))入嘉(jia)卜(bu)(bu)寺(si)(化(hua)(hua)德(de)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)),很(hen)多士兵(bing)手心和(he)腳心起泡,不能行(xing)(xing)軍(jun)、拿不了(le)武器,軍(jun)中(zhong)有名老中(zhong)醫建議就地(di)(di)(di)取(qu)材,用(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)板(ban)藍根熬湯服用(yong)并(bing)擦洗(xi),士兵(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情逐步好轉(zhuan)并(bing)且(qie)很(hen)快痊(quan)愈。民國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))察哈爾省(sheng)政府主(zhu)(zhu)席兼第29軍(jun)軍(jun)長宋哲(zhe)元到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)化(hua)(hua)德(de)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)視察軍(jun)務,并(bing)在朝陽、嘉(jia)卜(bu)(bu)寺(si)等地(di)(di)(di)部(bu)署駐軍(jun),部(bu)隊伙食(shi)(shi)就以(yi)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)(da)辦公共(gong)食(shi)(shi)堂,社員(yuan)村民到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)公共(gong)食(shi)(shi)堂吃(chi)集(ji)體飯,主(zhu)(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)材也以(yi)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)自治區畜(chu)牧(mu)局在化(hua)(hua)德(de)縣(xian)(xian)召(zhao)開全(quan)區青(qing)(qing)貯飼(si)料現場會,推廣(guang)化(hua)(hua)德(de)縣(xian)(xian)“立秋貯青(qing)(qing)草、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)露貯山(shan)藥(yao)秧、秋分貯白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)葉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗。由此可見,化(hua)(hua)德(de)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)在當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)有著(zhu)悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷史(shi)、發展過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)用(yong)價值。目前化(hua)(hua)德(de)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)已發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)7.5萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量45萬(wan)噸,是烏蘭察布以(yi)致全(quan)內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)(xian)。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)無公害產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)認定,同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被自治區農(nong)牧(mu)業(ye)廳授(shou)予“無公害大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)”,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)深受外來(lai)商客和(he)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)睞并(bing)遠銷北京、天津、廣(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)、上海(hai)、杭州(zhou)(zhou)等全(quan)國(guo)各大(da)(da)(da)城市(shi)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)境(jing)內地(di)(di)(di)貌總體趨勢是(shi)西高(gao)東低,中部凸起,形成高(gao)低起伏態勢。海拔高(gao)度(du)在(zai)1244—1719米之間(jian)。按地(di)(di)(di)貌特點分(fen)為(wei)低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區、緩坡丘(qiu)陵(ling)區、山(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)間(jian)洼(wa)(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)(di)、河谷洼(wa)(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)(di)、波狀高(gao)原六種類型。低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區占(zhan)縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)21.9%、緩坡丘(qiu)陵(ling)區縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)19.7%、山(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)12.5%、山(shan)間(jian)洼(wa)(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)29.4%、河谷洼(wa)(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)3.8%、波狀高(gao)原縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)12.7%。據1983年(nian)縣(xian)土壤普查和1989—1992年(nian)縣(xian)內土地(di)(di)(di)資源調查,化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)土壤分(fen)布(bu)有栗鈣土、草甸(dian)土、鹽土3個(ge)土類,8個(ge)亞類,21個(ge)土屬,108個(ge)土種。草甸(dian)土分(fen)布(bu)比較分(fen)散,主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)山(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)、河谷洼(wa)(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)(di)。成土母質為(wei)沖洪積(ji)(ji)物(wu),有機質含量較高(gao),在(zai)2.5-2.9%之間(jian)。
2、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:化(hua)德縣屬中溫(wen)帶半干旱大陸(lu)性(xing)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,主要(yao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點是日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)長,光能充足(zu),寒暑劇(ju)變,晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差大,風(feng)沙日(ri)(ri)數多(duo)(duo),蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)大,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候干燥(zao),有(you)利于營養物(wu)質的積(ji)累。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)2.5℃,無霜期(qi)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)103天(tian)(tian),≥0℃積(ji)溫(wen)2502.7℃,持續(xu)天(tian)(tian)數196天(tian)(tian);≥5℃積(ji)溫(wen)23388℃,持續(xu)天(tian)(tian)數160天(tian)(tian);≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)19274℃,持續(xu)天(tian)(tian)數117天(tian)(tian)。境內多(duo)(duo)晴朗天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),大氣(qi)(qi)(qi)透光好,光照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)長,太陽光幅射強度大,光能源(yuan)豐(feng)富。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數3078.7小時,年(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率69%。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)329.9毫米,降水(shui)集(ji)中在6-8月,占(zhan)全年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的60-75%。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕度56%。年(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)較大,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)2046.1毫米,是年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的6.2倍(bei)。
三.地域范圍
化德縣屬內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區,是(shi)烏(wu)蘭(lan)察布(bu)市以農業生產為(wei)(wei)主的旗(qi)縣之(zhi)一,位于半農半牧交錯帶。地處內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)中(zhong)部,烏(wu)蘭(lan)察布(bu)市最東(dong)端,地理坐標為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經113°33′04″—114°48′13″,北緯41°36′47″—42°17′41″之(zhi)間(jian)。北與錫(xi)林郭勒(le)盟鑲黃旗(qi)接壤,西(xi)、西(xi)南與商都縣相連,東(dong)、東(dong)南與河(he)北省康保縣交界,東(dong)北與正鑲白(bai)旗(qi)毗鄰(lin)。東(dong)西(xi)長108.5公(gong)里,南北寬72公(gong)里,總(zong)面(mian)積2527平方公(gong)里。行政劃分為(wei)(wei)6個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),保護地域包(bao)括上述全部鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)朝陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)、長順鎮(zhen)(zhen)、七(qi)號鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白(bai)音(yin)特拉鄉(xiang)、德包(bao)圖鄉(xiang)、公(gong)臘胡洞鄉(xiang),93個行政村內(nei)(nei)。保護規模為(wei)(wei)年產量為(wei)(wei)45萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感(gan)官(guan)特征:化德(de)大白菜葉球彈頭形、半疊抱直筒(tong)型,橫徑18-25cm,縱徑25-30cm,單株重4kg左(zuo)右,外(wai)葉濃綠、內(nei)葉嫩黃、葉幫質嫩,葉柄汁多甜脆,氣(qi)味清新,糖分(fen)含量高、纖維較(jiao)少、口(kou)感(gan)好,品質佳。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:化(hua)德(de)大(da)白(bai)菜(cai)營養成(cheng)分含(han)量參照(zhao)范(fan)圍:蛋白(bai)質(zhi):1.1-1.5g/100g;粗(cu)纖維(wei)(wei):0.4-1.0g/100g;Vc:10.2-16.1mg/100g;煙酸:0.1-0.4mg/100g;鐵:2.1-2.6mg/100g;鉀:128-133mg/100g;鈣(gai):35-52mg/100g;鎂:5.4-12.3mg/100g。獨(du)特(te)的(de)地理環境和(he)自然氣候造就了其獨(du)特(te)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)。化(hua)德(de)大(da)白(bai)菜(cai)含(han)較多維(wei)(wei)生素,與肉類同食(shi)(shi),既可增添肉的(de)鮮美(mei)味道,又可減少肉中亞硝酸鹽(yan)類物質(zhi)和(he)亞硝酸鹽(yan)的(de)產生。特(te)別適合用(yong)于燉、炒、熘、拌以及做餡、配(pei)菜(cai)。除供熟食(shi)(shi)之外,還可以加工(gong)成(cheng)菜(cai)干(gan)或(huo)腌制(zhi)品(pin),具有“開胃、健脾(pi)、補充維(wei)(wei)生素”等(deng)功效。