一.產品介紹
化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)地(di)(di)處內蒙(meng)古(gu)大(da)草原(yuan)南緣,清(qing)(qing)末民(min)初,清(qing)(qing)王朝實行“招墾實邊(bian)”政策,使得(de)山(shan)西、河(he)北(bei)(bei)農民(min)大(da)批(pi)涌入境內開荒種(zhong)地(di)(di),大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)基本屬于一家一戶小面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)植,僅供自家食(shi)(shi)(shi)用,多余(yu)的(de)(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)會拿(na)到集(ji)市(shi)上出售(shou)。直到新中國(guo)成立后(hou),當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)才有了(le)較大(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。1999年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)水澆(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)恢復到28250畝(mu)(mu),2004年(nian)(nian)達到5.08萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),隨著(zhu)(zhu)水澆(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)擴大(da),當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)得(de)到快速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),2004年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)總播面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)70.32萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),其中以(yi)(yi)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)為主的(de)(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達到4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)達16.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸。通過節水灌溉工程(cheng)實施(shi),目前(qian)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已經發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到了(le)7.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。據當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)傳說、流傳典故以(yi)(yi)及(ji)老人講述(shu):在明(ming)朝初年(nian)(nian),明(ming)成祖朱棣出征平定漠(mo)北(bei)(bei)和征討(tao)蒙(meng)古(gu)韃靼等(deng)部(bu)落時,途經哈(ha)必嘎、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)隆店(康保境)入嘉卜寺(化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)境內),很(hen)多士兵手心和腳心起泡,不(bu)能(neng)行軍(jun)、拿(na)不(bu)了(le)武器,軍(jun)中有名老中醫(yi)建議就地(di)(di)取(qu)材(cai),用白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)和板藍根熬湯(tang)服用并(bing)擦洗,士兵的(de)(de)病情逐步好轉并(bing)且(qie)很(hen)快痊愈。民(min)國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1933年(nian)(nian))察(cha)哈(ha)爾省政府主席兼(jian)第29軍(jun)軍(jun)長宋哲(zhe)元到化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)境內視察(cha)軍(jun)務,并(bing)在朝陽、嘉卜寺等(deng)地(di)(di)部(bu)署駐軍(jun),部(bu)隊伙食(shi)(shi)(shi)就以(yi)(yi)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)為主要(yao)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)。1958年(nian)(nian)冬(dong)到1959年(nian)(nian)秋,全(quan)縣(xian)大(da)辦公(gong)共食(shi)(shi)(shi)堂,社(she)員村民(min)到公(gong)共食(shi)(shi)(shi)堂吃集(ji)體飯(fan),主要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)也以(yi)(yi)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)為主。1977年(nian)(nian)8月內蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區(qu)(qu)畜牧局在化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)召開全(quan)區(qu)(qu)青貯(zhu)飼料現(xian)場會,推(tui)廣(guang)化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)“立秋貯(zhu)青草、白(bai)(bai)(bai)露(lu)貯(zhu)山(shan)藥(yao)秧、秋分(fen)貯(zhu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)葉”的(de)(de)經驗(yan)。由此可(ke)見(jian),化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)在當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)有著(zhu)(zhu)悠久的(de)(de)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植歷史、發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過程(cheng)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)很(hen)高的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用藥(yao)用價值。目前(qian)化(hua)德(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到7.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)45萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,是(shi)烏蘭察(cha)布以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)全(quan)內蒙(meng)古(gu)最大(da)的(de)(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)。2004年(nian)(nian)通過國(guo)家農業(ye)部(bu)無公(gong)害(hai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)認定,同年(nian)(nian)被自治區(qu)(qu)農牧業(ye)廳授予“無公(gong)害(hai)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)”,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)深受外來商客和消(xiao)費者(zhe)的(de)(de)青睞并(bing)遠銷北(bei)(bei)京(jing)、天(tian)津、廣(guang)州(zhou)、上海、杭(hang)州(zhou)等(deng)全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)大(da)城市(shi)。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)地貌總(zong)體趨勢是西(xi)高東低(di),中部凸(tu)起,形成(cheng)高低(di)起伏(fu)態勢。海拔(ba)高度在(zai)1244—1719米(mi)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。按地貌特點分(fen)(fen)為低(di)山(shan)丘陵(ling)區、緩坡丘陵(ling)區、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盆地、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)洼(wa)(wa)地、河(he)(he)谷洼(wa)(wa)地、波(bo)狀(zhuang)高原六種(zhong)類型(xing)。低(di)山(shan)丘陵(ling)區占縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)21.9%、緩坡丘陵(ling)區縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)19.7%、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盆地縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)12.5%、山(shan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)洼(wa)(wa)地縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)29.4%、河(he)(he)谷洼(wa)(wa)地縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)3.8%、波(bo)狀(zhuang)高原縣(xian)域(yu)面積(ji)(ji)12.7%。據1983年縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤普查和1989—1992年縣(xian)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地資(zi)源調查,化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤分(fen)(fen)布有(you)栗(li)鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)3個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,8個(ge)(ge)亞類,21個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,108個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種(zhong)。草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)(fen)布比較分(fen)(fen)散(san),主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)山(shan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盆地、河(he)(he)谷洼(wa)(wa)地。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)為沖(chong)洪積(ji)(ji)物,有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量較高,在(zai)2.5-2.9%之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。
2、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):化德縣屬中(zhong)溫帶半(ban)干(gan)旱大(da)(da)陸性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,主要氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點是(shi)日照(zhao)時間長,光能充足,寒暑劇變,晝夜溫差大(da)(da),風沙日數(shu)多(duo),蒸(zheng)發量(liang)大(da)(da),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候干(gan)燥,有利于營養物(wu)質的(de)積(ji)累。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫2.5℃,無霜期年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)103天,≥0℃積(ji)溫2502.7℃,持(chi)續(xu)天數(shu)196天;≥5℃積(ji)溫23388℃,持(chi)續(xu)天數(shu)160天;≥10℃積(ji)溫19274℃,持(chi)續(xu)天數(shu)117天。境(jing)內多(duo)晴朗(lang)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)透光好,光照(zhao)時間長,太陽光幅射(she)強度大(da)(da),光能源豐富。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時數(shu)3078.7小時,年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)率69%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)329.9毫米(mi),降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在(zai)6-8月(yue),占全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)60-75%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對濕度56%。年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)較大(da)(da),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2046.1毫米(mi),是(shi)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)6.2倍。
三.地域范圍
化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)屬內蒙古(gu)自治區,是烏蘭(lan)察布市(shi)以農(nong)業生產為(wei)主的旗(qi)縣(xian)之(zhi)一,位于半農(nong)半牧交錯帶。地(di)處內蒙古(gu)中(zhong)部,烏蘭(lan)察布市(shi)最東(dong)端(duan),地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經113°33′04″—114°48′13″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯41°36′47″—42°17′41″之(zhi)間。北(bei)(bei)(bei)與錫林郭勒盟鑲黃旗(qi)接壤,西、西南與商(shang)都縣(xian)相連,東(dong)、東(dong)南與河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省康保縣(xian)交界,東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)與正鑲白(bai)旗(qi)毗鄰。東(dong)西長108.5公里(li),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬72公里(li),總面積(ji)2527平方公里(li)。行(xing)政劃分為(wei)6個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),保護地(di)域(yu)包(bao)括上述全部鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)朝(chao)陽鎮(zhen)、長順鎮(zhen)、七號鎮(zhen)、白(bai)音特(te)拉鄉(xiang)、德(de)包(bao)圖鄉(xiang)、公臘(la)胡洞鄉(xiang),93個行(xing)政村(cun)內。保護規模為(wei)年(nian)產量為(wei)45萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:化德大白菜(cai)葉球彈(dan)頭形(xing)、半(ban)疊抱直筒型,橫徑18-25cm,縱(zong)徑25-30cm,單株重4kg左右,外葉濃綠、內(nei)葉嫩(nen)黃、葉幫質嫩(nen),葉柄(bing)汁多甜脆,氣味清(qing)新,糖分含量高、纖(xian)維較少(shao)、口感好,品質佳。
2、內在品(pin)質指標(biao):化德大(da)(da)白菜(cai)(cai)營(ying)養成(cheng)分含(han)量參照范圍(wei):蛋(dan)白質:1.1-1.5g/100g;粗(cu)纖維(wei):0.4-1.0g/100g;Vc:10.2-16.1mg/100g;煙酸:0.1-0.4mg/100g;鐵:2.1-2.6mg/100g;鉀:128-133mg/100g;鈣:35-52mg/100g;鎂(mei):5.4-12.3mg/100g。獨特(te)的地理環境(jing)和自然氣候(hou)造(zao)就了其獨特(te)的品(pin)質。化德大(da)(da)白菜(cai)(cai)含(han)較(jiao)多(duo)維(wei)生(sheng)素(su),與肉類(lei)同食,既可(ke)增添(tian)肉的鮮美味道,又可(ke)減少肉中亞硝酸鹽類(lei)物質和亞硝酸鹽的產生(sheng)。特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合(he)用于燉、炒、熘、拌以及做餡、配(pei)菜(cai)(cai)。除(chu)供熟(shu)食之外(wai),還可(ke)以加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)菜(cai)(cai)干(gan)或腌制品(pin),具有(you)“開胃、健脾(pi)、補充維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)”等功效(xiao)。