一.產品介紹
五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)舉世(shi)聞(wen)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)“八百里河套(tao)米糧川”的(de)(de)(de)(de)河套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),有2400年的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久(jiu)歷史(shi)和(he)(he)積淀深厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua),漢武帝時(shi)期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改為(wei)五原(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而得(de)名,1912年正式建縣(xian)(xian)至(zhi)今。五原(yuan)(yuan)古有蒙恬北(bei)筑(zhu)長(chang)城、衛青(qing)(qing)抗(kang)擊匈奴(nu)、詩人(ren)李(li)白(bai)“迢迢五原(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪亂邊花(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名句(ju),張敬(jing)忠的(de)(de)(de)(de)“五原(yuan)(yuan)春色歸來遲,二月(yue)垂楊未掛絲(si)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠誦。近代史(shi)上,被(bei)當(dang)地(di)(di)老百姓稱為(wei)“人(ren)間河神”的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)紳士王(wang)同春修渠治水(shui),墾(ken)荒置(zhi)田(tian),首開(kai)河套(tao)大(da)(da)規(gui)模發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先河,使五原(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)土地(di)(di)肥沃(wo)、氣候宜(yi)人(ren)、水(shui)渠縱(zong)橫、旱澇保收的(de)(de)(de)(de)“塞外江南”。現代史(shi)上,有馮(feng)玉祥將軍(jun)五原(yuan)(yuan)誓(shi)師、傅作(zuo)義將軍(jun)五原(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰,更(geng)使五原(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)名遐邇。20世(shi)紀八十(shi)年代,我縣(xian)(xian)就開(kai)始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜,但因其果皮較薄,不(bu)(bu)(bu)耐貯運(yun),產(chan)量較低,而且當(dang)時(shi)交(jiao)通還不(bu)(bu)(bu)太(tai)發(fa)達,無(wu)法長(chang)途運(yun)輸,比較效(xiao)益較低,所以只是當(dang)地(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)民分散種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),就近供(gong)應。但同時(shi)也(ye)因為(wei)我縣(xian)(xian)具有光能豐富(fu)(fu)、日照充足、晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)大(da)(da)、降雨量少而集中的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候特(te)點,主(zhu)要耕作(zuo)土壤是灌淤土,其表土層(ceng)為(wei)壤質灌淤層(ceng),耕作(zuo)性(xing)好,含鉀量高(gao),對糖和(he)(he)淀粉的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累非(fei)常(chang)有利,適合(he)燈(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜皮薄肉厚(hou)、香(xiang)脆爽(shuang)甜,營(ying)養豐富(fu)(fu),深受廣大(da)(da)消費者(zhe)青(qing)(qing)睞,當(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)稱“藏不(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)瓜”,所以品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)一直流(liu)傳下來。近年來由于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)政府對縣(xian)(xian)域特(te)色經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視,我縣(xian)(xian)設施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)得(de)到了快速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),燈(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形式不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)優化(hua),由原(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)露地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)溫(wen)室(shi)、大(da)(da)中小拱棚(peng)、露地(di)(di)相結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積現已(yi)達200余(yu)公頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)(da)。產(chan)品供(gong)應從4月(yue)份(fen)至(zhi)11月(yue)份(fen)貨源不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan),暢銷區內(nei)外,知(zhi)名度和(he)(he)影響(xiang)力不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)(da),特(te)別(bie)是晏安和(he)(he)橋燈(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)遠近聞(wen)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名品牌(pai)。隨著燈(deng)籠(long)紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)創新,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)益不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao),大(da)(da)棚(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平均畝(mu)收入8000—12000元,最高(gao)可達2萬(wan)元;溫(wen)室(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平均畝(mu)收入3—4萬(wan)元,最高(gao)可達6萬(wan)元。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):巴彥淖爾市地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)簡稱(cheng)“一山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)兩原(yuan)(yuan)”。以(yi)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)界大體可分為(wei)三大區域(yu):陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)北是以(yi)荒(huang)漠半荒(huang)漠為(wei)主的(de)(de)烏拉特(te)草原(yuan)(yuan),中部(bu)為(wei)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di),陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓(lu)至黃(huang)河北岸為(wei)河套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)就處于河套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)主要有(you)灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和新積土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的(de)(de)主要耕作土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)是灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層為(wei)壤(rang)(rang)質灌(guan)淤(yu)(yu)層,耕作性好,含鉀(jia)量高(gao),對(dui)糖和淀粉的(de)(de)積累非(fei)常(chang)有(you)利。
2、水(shui)文情況:五原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)水(shui)源充(chong)沛,灌(guan)溉(gai)便利(li)。黃河(he)流經河(he)套(tao)(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)345公里(li),年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流總(zong)量315億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地下水(shui)開采量達18億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。河(he)套(tao)(tao)灌(guan)區(qu)由黃河(he)三(san)盛公水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐自流引水(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)引水(shui)量10-11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是亞(ya)洲(zhou)最大的(de)一(yi)首制(zhi)自流引水(shui)灌(guan)區(qu),也是全國三(san)大灌(guan)區(qu)之一(yi)。黃河(he)水(shui)是最大的(de)地表水(shui)資(zi)源,一(yi)般(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)流量336.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),全縣(xian)有5大干(gan)渠(qu),9條分干(gan)渠(qu),135條農(nong)渠(qu),密(mi)如蛛網(wang)的(de)毛(mao)渠(qu)灌(guan)溉(gai)著(zhu)全縣(xian)土地,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)引水(shui)量10~11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地下水(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉積(ji)層中(zhong),一(yi)般(ban)埋深0.5~3.2m之間,含水(shui)厚度30~160米(mi)(mi)(mi),礦化度低于(yu)3g/L。充(chong)足的(de)水(shui)資(zi)源為五原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燈籠紅(hong)香(xiang)瓜提(ti)供了良好的(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)條件,而(er)且水(shui)量充(chong)沛,無工業污染。
3、氣候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang):五原縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣候(hou)(hou),平均(jun)海拔(ba)高度1102.7米,具有光能豐富、日(ri)照(zhao)充足、晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)、降雨量(liang)(liang)少而集中(zhong)(zhong)的特點。年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)7.0℃,平均(jun)風速(su)2.6米/秒,東北風向(xiang)較多。全年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時數3192.5小時,平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)百(bai)分(fen)率72%,太陽年(nian)平均(jun)輻(fu)射總(zong)數153.439kcal/平方厘米,無(wu)霜期(qi)117~136天。平均(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)169㎜,降水集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)夏秋兩季(ji)。年(nian)際降水量(liang)(liang)變化(hua)大(da)。年(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)2067.8㎜,是(shi)(shi)降雨量(liang)(liang)的11.5倍,屬(shu)半干旱類型。獨特的氣候(hou)(hou)條件(jian),適宜五原燈籠紅香瓜的生(sheng)長發(fa)育,并且遠離污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran),產品品質優,是(shi)(shi)國家和自治區(qu)重(zhong)要的綠色(se)農(nong)畜產品生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。 4、農(nong)業(ye)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)五原縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)欠(qian)發(fa)達地(di)區(qu),主要以農(nong)業(ye)經濟為(wei)主,處于(yu)草原和沙漠的包圍之中(zhong)(zhong),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)上屬(shu)于(yu)無(wu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)區(qu)。據環(huan)保部門測定:五原縣(xian)(xian)的大(da)氣綜合指(zhi)數P綜=0.56,屬(shu)一級水平,說明空(kong)氣清(qing)潔,未被污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。土壤綜合指(zhi)數P綜=0.78,屬(shu)二級清(qing)潔標準,基(ji)本(ben)(ben)未受到污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)。灌溉(gai)用(yong)水綜合指(zhi)數P綜=0.72,屬(shu)二級清(qing)潔標準。綜上所述,五原縣(xian)(xian)的大(da)氣、土壤、水質等(deng)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)十分(fen)有利于(yu)發(fa)展生(sheng)態農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣位于內蒙古自治區(qu)西部(bu)巴(ba)彥淖爾市,南鄰黃河,北靠陰山,東西分(fen)別與烏拉特(te)前旗和臨(lin)河區(qu)接壤,東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″,東西長約(yue)62.5公(gong)里(li),南北寬約(yue)40公(gong)里(li),地(di)處河套平原(yuan)(yuan)腹地(di),地(di)勢(shi)平坦,土地(di)坡(po)降(jiang)僅為八千分(fen)之一(yi),110國(guo)道、京(jing)藏(zang)高(gao)速和包蘭鐵路全(quan)境通(tong)過。全(quan)縣轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行政村(cun),774個(ge)社,總(zong)(zong)人口30.3萬(wan)人,總(zong)(zong)戶數52978戶,其中農業(ye)人口21萬(wan),有勞動力10萬(wan)人,總(zong)(zong)耕地(di)面積(ji)230萬(wan)畝。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)燈籠紅(hong)香瓜總(zong)(zong)生產(chan)面積(ji)200公(gong)頃,年總(zong)(zong)產(chan)量4000噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
產(chan)品(pin)外在感觀(guan)特(te)征(zheng):五(wu)原燈(deng)(deng)籠紅香瓜屬(shu)葫蘆科,是我縣(xian)的地方特(te)色品(pin)種,因(yin)其外型酷像燈(deng)(deng)籠,故(gu)流傳(chuan)至今譽稱為燈(deng)(deng)籠紅香瓜,該品(pin)種平均果(guo)重400 g左右,果(guo)皮灰綠,皮薄肉厚、香脆爽甜,營養豐富,深受廣(guang)大(da)消費者青睞(lai)。
產品(pin)內在品(pin)質特性(xing):五(wu)原燈籠紅(hong)香瓜果實營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富,經(jing)檢測,維生素C含量(liang)為(wei)22-32mg/100g,含鉀量(liang)為(wei)150-200mg/100g,可溶性(xing)固形物含量(liang)為(wei)8-14/%,能量(liang)為(wei)140-200kj/100g。產品(pin)有(you)促進消化、抑制多種細菌(jun)作用。