一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)舉世聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)“八百里河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)米糧川(chuan)”的(de)(de)河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有2400年的(de)(de)悠(you)久歷(li)史和(he)(he)積淀深(shen)(shen)厚的(de)(de)文化,漢武(wu)帝(di)時(shi)(shi)期,因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)改為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡(jun)而(er)得名(ming),1912年正式建(jian)縣(xian)至今(jin)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古有蒙恬北(bei)筑長城、衛青(qing)抗擊(ji)匈奴、詩人(ren)李白“迢迢五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪(xue)亂邊花”的(de)(de)名(ming)句,張敬(jing)忠的(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun)色歸來遲,二月(yue)垂楊未掛絲”的(de)(de)詠誦。近代(dai)史上,被當(dang)地(di)(di)老百姓稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“人(ren)間河(he)(he)神”的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方紳士(shi)王(wang)同春(chun)修渠治(zhi)水,墾荒置田,首開河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)大(da)規模(mo)發展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)先河(he)(he),使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃、氣(qi)候(hou)宜人(ren)、水渠縱(zong)橫、旱澇保(bao)收的(de)(de)“塞外(wai)江南”。現代(dai)史上,有馮玉祥將(jiang)軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓(shi)師、傅作義將(jiang)軍(jun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)名(ming)遐邇。20世紀八十年代(dai),我(wo)縣(xian)就開始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua),但因其果皮(pi)較(jiao)薄,不(bu)耐貯(zhu)運,產量較(jiao)低,而(er)且(qie)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)交通還(huan)不(bu)太發達(da),無法(fa)長途(tu)運輸,比較(jiao)效益(yi)較(jiao)低,所以(yi)只(zhi)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)農(nong)民分(fen)散種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),就近供應。但同時(shi)(shi)也因為(wei)(wei)我(wo)縣(xian)具有光(guang)能(neng)豐(feng)富、日照充足、晝(zhou)夜溫差大(da)、降雨量少而(er)集中(zhong)的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點,主要耕(geng)作土(tu)壤是(shi)灌淤(yu)土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)壤質灌淤(yu)層(ceng),耕(geng)作性好,含鉀量高(gao),對糖(tang)和(he)(he)淀粉的(de)(de)積累非常有利,適合燈(deng)籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產出的(de)(de)燈(deng)籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)皮(pi)薄肉厚、香(xiang)(xiang)脆爽甜,營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富,深(shen)(shen)受廣大(da)消(xiao)費(fei)者青(qing)睞,當(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)稱(cheng)“藏不(bu)住的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)”,所以(yi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也一直流傳下來。近年來由于(yu)縣(xian)政(zheng)府對縣(xian)域特色經濟的(de)(de)重視,我(wo)縣(xian)設施農(nong)業(ye)得到了快速發展(zhan)(zhan),燈(deng)籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)形式不(bu)斷(duan)優化,由原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的(de)(de)露地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)發展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)(wei)溫室、大(da)中(zhong)小拱棚、露地(di)(di)相(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方式,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積現已達(da)200余公頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規模(mo)不(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)。產品供應從4月(yue)份至11月(yue)份貨源不(bu)斷(duan),暢銷(xiao)區內外(wai),知(zhi)名(ming)度(du)和(he)(he)影響力不(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da),特別是(shi)晏(yan)安和(he)(he)橋(qiao)燈(deng)籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)近聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)品牌。隨著燈(deng)籠(long)(long)紅香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)栽培技術的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)創(chuang)新,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)效益(yi)不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao),大(da)棚種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)平均畝收入8000—12000元(yuan),最(zui)高(gao)可達(da)2萬元(yuan);溫室種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)平均畝收入3—4萬元(yuan),最(zui)高(gao)可達(da)6萬元(yuan)。
二(er).自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:巴彥淖爾市地形(xing)地貌簡稱“一山兩原(yuan)”。以陰山為(wei)界大體(ti)可分為(wei)三大區(qu)域:陰山以北(bei)(bei)是以荒漠半(ban)荒漠為(wei)主的烏拉(la)特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)陰山山地,陰山南麓至黃河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)岸為(wei)河(he)(he)套平(ping)原(yuan),五原(yuan)縣就處于河(he)(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)內,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型主要有(you)灌淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)新(xin)積土(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌區(qu)的主要耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤是灌淤土(tu)(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)(tu)層為(wei)壤質灌淤層,耕(geng)作性好,含鉀量(liang)高(gao),對糖和(he)淀(dian)粉的積累非(fei)常有(you)利(li)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:五原縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛,灌溉便利。黃河(he)流(liu)經河(he)套平(ping)原345公里,年(nian)徑流(liu)總量(liang)315億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)達18億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。河(he)套灌區(qu)(qu)由黃河(he)三盛公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉,每(mei)年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),是亞洲(zhou)最大(da)的一(yi)首制自流(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌區(qu)(qu),也是全國(guo)三大(da)灌區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)。黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是最大(da)的地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般(ban)年(nian)流(liu)量(liang)336.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),全縣(xian)有5大(da)干渠,9條(tiao)分干渠,135條(tiao)農渠,密(mi)如蛛網的毛渠灌溉著全縣(xian)土地(di)(di)(di),每(mei)年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋(mai)藏在第四紀(ji)沉積層中(zhong),一(yi)般(ban)埋(mai)深0.5~3.2m之間,含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)厚度30~160米(mi),礦化度低于(yu)3g/L。充(chong)足的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為五原燈籠紅香瓜提供了良好的灌溉條(tiao)件,而且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)充(chong)沛,無(wu)工(gong)業(ye)污染。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:五原縣屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候,平(ping)均海(hai)拔高(gao)度1102.7米,具有(you)光能(neng)豐富、日(ri)(ri)照充足、晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差大、降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)少而(er)集中(zhong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)均風速2.6米/秒,東(dong)北風向較多。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時數(shu)3192.5小時,平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照百分率(lv)72%,太陽年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均輻射總數(shu)153.439kcal/平(ping)方厘米,無霜期117~136天。平(ping)均年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)(liang)169㎜,降水集中(zhong)在夏秋兩季(ji)。年(nian)(nian)際降水量(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)化(hua)大。年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)2067.8㎜,是(shi)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍(bei),屬(shu)(shu)半干旱(han)類型。獨特的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件,適宜五原燈籠紅香瓜的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)育,并且遠離(li)污染,產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)優,是(shi)國家和自(zi)治區(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)綠色農畜產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地。 4、農業(ye)環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)五原縣屬(shu)(shu)于欠發(fa)達地區(qu),主要以農業(ye)經濟為主,處于草原和沙漠的(de)(de)包圍之中(zhong),基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)屬(shu)(shu)于無污染地區(qu)。據環(huan)保部門測定:五原縣的(de)(de)大氣(qi)(qi)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)(shu)一級水平(ping),說(shuo)明空氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)潔,未(wei)被污染。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)(shu)二級清(qing)(qing)潔標準,基(ji)本(ben)未(wei)受到(dao)污染。灌溉用水綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)(zong)(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)(shu)二級清(qing)(qing)潔標準。綜(zong)(zong)(zong)上(shang)所述,五原縣的(de)(de)大氣(qi)(qi)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、水質(zhi)等環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)十分有(you)利于發(fa)展生(sheng)(sheng)態農業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣(xian)位于內蒙古(gu)自治(zhi)區西(xi)部巴彥淖(nao)爾市,南(nan)鄰黃河,北(bei)靠(kao)陰山,東(dong)西(xi)分(fen)別(bie)與烏拉特前旗和(he)臨(lin)河區接壤,東(dong)經(jing)107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北(bei)緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″,東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)約62.5公里(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬約40公里(li),地(di)處河套平(ping)原(yuan)腹地(di),地(di)勢平(ping)坦,土(tu)地(di)坡降僅為八千(qian)分(fen)之一(yi),110國(guo)道、京(jing)藏高速和(he)包蘭(lan)鐵路全(quan)(quan)境通過。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)轄9個鄉鎮,117個行政村(cun),774個社,總(zong)(zong)(zong)人(ren)口30.3萬(wan)人(ren),總(zong)(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農業人(ren)口21萬(wan),有勞動(dong)力10萬(wan)人(ren),總(zong)(zong)(zong)耕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)230萬(wan)畝(mu)。五原(yuan)燈籠紅香瓜總(zong)(zong)(zong)生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)200公頃,年總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)量4000噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
產品外在(zai)感(gan)觀特征:五原燈(deng)籠(long)紅香(xiang)瓜(gua)屬葫(hu)蘆(lu)科(ke),是我縣(xian)的地方(fang)特色(se)品種(zhong)(zhong),因其外型酷(ku)像燈(deng)籠(long),故流傳至今譽稱為燈(deng)籠(long)紅香(xiang)瓜(gua),該品種(zhong)(zhong)平均(jun)果重(zhong)400 g左右,果皮(pi)灰綠,皮(pi)薄肉厚、香(xiang)脆爽甜,營(ying)養豐(feng)富,深受廣大消費者青睞(lai)。
產品內在(zai)品質特性:五原燈籠紅香(xiang)瓜(gua)果實營養豐(feng)富,經檢測,維(wei)生素C含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)22-32mg/100g,含鉀量(liang)(liang)為(wei)150-200mg/100g,可溶性固形物含量(liang)(liang)為(wei)8-14/%,能量(liang)(liang)為(wei)140-200kj/100g。產品有促進消(xiao)化(hua)、抑(yi)制多種(zhong)細菌作用。