一.產品介紹
五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于舉(ju)世聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“八百里(li)河(he)(he)套(tao)米糧(liang)川(chuan)”的(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)和積(ji)(ji)(ji)淀深厚的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua),漢武帝(di)時期,因(yin)九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改(gai)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而(er)得(de)名(ming),1912年(nian)正式(shi)建縣(xian)(xian)(xian)至今(jin)。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古有(you)(you)蒙(meng)恬北(bei)筑長城、衛青抗(kang)擊匈(xiong)奴、詩人李白“迢(tiao)迢(tiao)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan),朔雪(xue)亂邊(bian)花(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)句,張敬忠的(de)(de)(de)“五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春色歸(gui)來遲(chi),二月(yue)垂楊未掛(gua)絲”的(de)(de)(de)詠誦(song)。近代(dai)史(shi)上(shang),被當地(di)(di)老百姓稱為(wei)(wei)“人間河(he)(he)神”的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方紳(shen)士王(wang)同(tong)春修渠(qu)治(zhi)(zhi)水,墾(ken)荒(huang)置田(tian),首開河(he)(he)套(tao)大規模發展農(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)先河(he)(he),使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)土(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃、氣(qi)候(hou)宜人、水渠(qu)縱橫、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)“塞(sai)外江南(nan)”。現代(dai)史(shi)上(shang),有(you)(you)馮玉祥(xiang)將軍五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作義將軍五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗(kang)戰,更使五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞名(ming)遐邇。據(ju)《內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)農(nong)作物志(zhi).農(nong)業志(zhi)》記載,我區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)石器時代(dai)已(yi)有(you)(you)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)類作物的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1940年(nian),綏(sui)西農(nong)業改(gai)進所從四川(chuan)引進一批(pi)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)子,在(zai)(zai)巴彥淖爾盟各(ge)旗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)試種(zhong)(zhong),當年(nian)平均單(dan)產為(wei)(wei)750公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃,1949年(nian),河(he)(he)套(tao)灌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)占(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)播種(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)90%,到(dao)了70年(nian)代(dai)中期,小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)單(dan)產有(you)(you)了大幅提高(gao)(gao)(gao),達到(dao)了6067公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)全國商(shang)(shang)品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地(di)(di)之一,也是(shi)國家(jia)和內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)綠色農(nong)畜(chu)產品(pin)生產基(ji)地(di)(di)。1983年(nian),內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人民政府作出決定,把包括(kuo)五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)15個旗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)計(ji)劃、有(you)(you)步驟地(di)(di)建設成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)穩(wen)產高(gao)(gao)(gao)產的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地(di)(di),五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)最多在(zai)(zai)60萬畝,現因(yin)比較效益較低,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)所減少(shao),2013年(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)24.7萬畝。五(wu)(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)現在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)的(de)(de)(de)主栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)永良(liang)4號(hao),是(shi)1984年(nian)寧(ning)(ning)夏永寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)場職(zhi)工(gong)天津(jin)下鄉知青邱志(zhi)新(xin)培育成(cheng)(cheng)功。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已(yi)將近30年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),因(yin)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)具(ju)有(you)(you)光能豐富、日照充足、晝夜溫差大、降雨(yu)量少(shao)而(er)集(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特點,主要(yao)耕作土(tu)壤是(shi)灌淤(yu)土(tu),其表(biao)土(tu)層為(wei)(wei)壤質(zhi)(zhi)灌淤(yu)層,耕作性(xing)好,含鉀量高(gao)(gao)(gao),生產出的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)(mai)籽粒飽滿,容(rong)重高(gao)(gao)(gao),蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含量高(gao)(gao)(gao),面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋值高(gao)(gao)(gao),加工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)粉(fen)適應(ying)面(mian)(mian)(mian)廣,做出的(de)(de)(de)餃子、面(mian)(mian)(mian)條色澤好,透亮,食用品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)好,筋道,滑爽,粘(zhan)彈(dan)性(xing)好。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:巴彥淖(nao)爾市地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)簡稱“一山(shan)(shan)兩(liang)原(yuan)(yuan)”。以(yi)陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界大體(ti)可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)三大區域:陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)北是以(yi)荒(huang)漠半荒(huang)漠為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的烏(wu)拉特草原(yuan)(yuan),中部為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地(di),陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)南麓至黃河(he)北岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan),五原(yuan)(yuan)縣就處(chu)于河(he)套(tao)平原(yuan)(yuan)內,土(tu)壤(rang)類型主要(yao)有灌(guan)淤土(tu)、鹽土(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)、堿土(tu)、潮土(tu)和新積(ji)土(tu)。灌(guan)區的主要(yao)耕(geng)作土(tu)壤(rang)是灌(guan)淤土(tu),其表土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壤(rang)質灌(guan)淤層(ceng),耕(geng)作性好,含鉀量高,對(dui)糖和淀粉的積(ji)累非(fei)常(chang)有利。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)沛(pei),灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)便利。黃河(he)流(liu)經河(he)套平原(yuan)(yuan)345公里(li),年徑流(liu)總量(liang)315億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)開采量(liang)達18億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。河(he)套灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)由黃河(he)三(san)盛(sheng)公水(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流(liu)引水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai),每年引水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是亞(ya)洲最(zui)大的(de)一首制(zhi)自流(liu)引水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)區(qu),也(ye)是全國三(san)大灌(guan)(guan)區(qu)之一。黃河(he)來(lai)水(shui)(shui)是最(zui)大的(de)地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一般年流(liu)量(liang)336.5億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),全縣(xian)有5大干渠(qu),9條分干渠(qu),135條農渠(qu),密如(ru)蛛網的(de)毛渠(qu)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)著全縣(xian)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di),每年引水(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)埋藏在第四紀沉積層中,一般埋深0.5~3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,含水(shui)(shui)厚度30~160米(mi)(mi)(mi),礦化度低于3克/升。充(chong)足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)小麥提供了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)條件(jian),而且水(shui)(shui)量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),無工業(ye)污(wu)染。
3、氣候(hou)情況:五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣屬中溫(wen)帶大(da)陸(lu)性氣候(hou),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均海拔高度1102.7米(mi),具有光(guang)能豐富、日照充(chong)足、晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)、降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)少而集中的(de)(de)(de)特點。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)7.0℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速2.6米(mi)/秒,東北風(feng)向較多。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照時數(shu)3192.5小(xiao)時,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照百(bai)分率72%,太陽年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均輻(fu)射總(zong)數(shu)153.439千(qian)卡/平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘(li)米(mi),無霜期117~136天。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)169毫(hao)米(mi),降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中在夏秋(qiu)兩季。年(nian)(nian)(nian)際降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化大(da)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)2067.8毫(hao)米(mi),是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)11.5倍,屬半(ban)干旱類型。獨特的(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)條件,適宜五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)小(xiao)麥(mai)的(de)(de)(de)生長發育,并且遠離(li)污染,產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)優佳,是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家和自治區(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)綠色農(nong)畜產品(pin)生產基地。 4、農(nong)業(ye)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣屬于(yu)欠(qian)發達地區(qu),主(zhu)要以農(nong)業(ye)經濟為主(zhu),處于(yu)草原(yuan)和沙漠的(de)(de)(de)包圍(wei)之中,基本(ben)上屬于(yu)無污染地區(qu)。據環(huan)保部門測(ce)定:五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣的(de)(de)(de)大(da)氣綜合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜=0.56,屬一級水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),說明空(kong)氣清(qing)(qing)潔(jie),未被污染。土(tu)壤綜合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜=0.78,屬二級清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),基本(ben)未受到污染。灌溉用(yong)水(shui)綜合指(zhi)數(shu)P綜=0.72,屬二級清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。綜上所述,五(wu)(wu)(wu)原(yuan)縣的(de)(de)(de)大(da)氣、土(tu)壤、水(shui)質(zhi)等環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)十分有利于(yu)發展生態農(nong)業(ye)。
三.地域范圍
五(wu)原縣位(wei)于內蒙古自治區(qu)西部巴彥淖爾市,南鄰黃(huang)河(he)(he),北靠(kao)陰山(shan),東西分(fen)別與烏拉特前旗(qi)和臨河(he)(he)區(qu)接壤,地(di)(di)(di)處河(he)(he)套平原腹地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)勢平坦,土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)坡降僅為八千分(fen)之一(yi),110國道(dao)、京(jing)藏(zang)高速和包蘭(lan)鐵路全(quan)境通過。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標位(wei)于(五(wu)原小(xiao)麥農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志保護范(fan)圍):東經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東西長(chang)約62.5公(gong)里,南北寬約40公(gong)里。轄9個(ge)鄉鎮,117個(ge)行(xing)政村,774個(ge)社,總(zong)(zong)人口30.3萬人,總(zong)(zong)戶(hu)數52978戶(hu),其中農業(ye)人口21萬,有勞動力10萬人,總(zong)(zong)耕地(di)(di)(di)面積230萬畝。全(quan)縣小(xiao)麥生產(chan)面積16467公(gong)頃,產(chan)量86450噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
產品(pin)(pin)外在感觀特(te)征(zheng):五原小麥(mai)的主栽品(pin)(pin)種為永(yong)良(liang)4號,是河套灌區的特(te)色(se)品(pin)(pin)種,該小麥(mai)籽粒飽滿,容重高,蛋白質(zhi)含量高,面(mian)筋(jin)(jin)值(zhi)高,加工成的面(mian)粉適應面(mian)廣(guang),做出的餃子、面(mian)條色(se)澤好(hao),透亮(liang),玻璃質(zhi)表現明顯,食用品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好(hao),筋(jin)(jin)道,滑(hua)爽(shuang),粘彈性好(hao),營養(yang)豐富,深受廣(guang)大消費者青(qing)睞。
產品內在品質(zhi)特性:五原小(xiao)麥口感好(hao),營養豐富(fu),經檢測,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)為14-18.0g/100g,面(mian)筋(jin)質(zhi)為27-33%,能(neng)量(liang)為1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水化合物為68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)和(he)濕面(mian)筋(jin)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)分別(bie)比全國平(ping)均水平(ping)高(gao)1.4%和(he)3.3%。