一.產品介紹
五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于(yu)舉世聞(wen)名的(de)“八百里河(he)(he)套米(mi)糧川”的(de)河(he)(he)套平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)2400年(nian)(nian)的(de)悠久歷史(shi)和(he)積(ji)(ji)淀深厚(hou)的(de)文化(hua),漢武帝時期(qi),因九原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡改為(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郡而得名,1912年(nian)(nian)正式建縣(xian)(xian)至(zhi)今。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)有(you)(you)蒙(meng)恬北筑長城(cheng)、衛青(qing)抗擊匈奴、詩人李白“迢迢五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關,朔雪(xue)亂邊(bian)花”的(de)名句,張(zhang)敬忠的(de)“五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春色(se)歸來(lai)遲,二月(yue)垂楊未(wei)掛絲(si)”的(de)詠誦。近代史(shi)上(shang)(shang),被(bei)當地(di)(di)老百姓稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“人間(jian)河(he)(he)神”的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)紳士(shi)王同春修渠治(zhi)水,墾荒置田,首開河(he)(he)套大(da)規模發展農(nong)業(ye)的(de)先河(he)(he),使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)土地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃(wo)、氣候(hou)宜(yi)人、水渠縱橫(heng)、旱澇保收(shou)的(de)“塞外江南(nan)”。現代史(shi)上(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)馮玉祥將(jiang)(jiang)軍五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)誓師、傅作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)義將(jiang)(jiang)軍五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)抗戰,更使五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聞(wen)名遐邇。據(ju)《內蒙(meng)古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)志.農(nong)業(ye)志》記載,我(wo)區(qu)在新石(shi)器時代已有(you)(you)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)類作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),1940年(nian)(nian),綏(sui)西農(nong)業(ye)改進(jin)所從四川引進(jin)一批小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,在巴彥淖(nao)爾(er)盟(meng)各旗(qi)縣(xian)(xian)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當年(nian)(nian)平均單(dan)產(chan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)750公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃,1949年(nian)(nian),河(he)(he)套灌(guan)區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)占全(quan)(quan)區(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)90%,到了(le)70年(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)期(qi),小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)單(dan)產(chan)有(you)(you)了(le)大(da)幅提高,達(da)到了(le)6067公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國商(shang)品(pin)糧基地(di)(di)之(zhi)一,也是(shi)國家和(he)內蒙(meng)古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)重要的(de)綠色(se)農(nong)畜產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)。1983年(nian)(nian),內蒙(meng)古(gu)自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)人民政府作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出決定,把包(bao)括(kuo)五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)在內的(de)15個旗(qi)縣(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)計劃、有(you)(you)步(bu)驟地(di)(di)建設成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)穩產(chan)高產(chan)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)糧基地(di)(di),五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)最多(duo)在60萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),現因比(bi)較效益較低,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)所減少,2013年(nian)(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)24.7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。五(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)現在小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)的(de)主栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)永(yong)良(liang)4號,是(shi)1984年(nian)(nian)寧夏(xia)永(yong)寧縣(xian)(xian)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場職工(gong)天津下鄉知青(qing)邱志新培育成(cheng)功。該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已將(jiang)(jiang)近30年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi),因我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)具(ju)有(you)(you)光能豐富、日照充足、晝夜溫差大(da)、降雨(yu)量少而集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)氣候(hou)特點,主要耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)土壤是(shi)灌(guan)淤土,其表土層為(wei)(wei)(wei)壤質(zhi)灌(guan)淤層,耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性好,含(han)鉀量高,生產(chan)出的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)籽(zi)粒飽滿(man),容重高,蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量高,面(mian)(mian)(mian)筋(jin)值高,加工(gong)成(cheng)的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)粉適應面(mian)(mian)(mian)廣,做出的(de)餃子、面(mian)(mian)(mian)條色(se)澤好,透亮,食(shi)用品(pin)質(zhi)好,筋(jin)道,滑爽,粘彈性好。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土壤地(di)貌情況:巴彥淖爾市(shi)地(di)形地(di)貌簡稱“一山(shan)兩原”。以(yi)陰山(shan)為界大(da)體(ti)可分為三大(da)區域(yu):陰山(shan)以(yi)北(bei)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)荒漠半荒漠為主(zhu)(zhu)的烏拉特草(cao)原,中(zhong)部為陰山(shan)山(shan)地(di),陰山(shan)南麓至黃河(he)(he)北(bei)岸為河(he)(he)套平(ping)(ping)原,五原縣就處于河(he)(he)套平(ping)(ping)原內,土壤類(lei)型主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)灌(guan)淤(yu)土、鹽土、風沙土、堿土、潮土和新積土。灌(guan)區的主(zhu)(zhu)要耕作(zuo)土壤是(shi)(shi)灌(guan)淤(yu)土,其表土層為壤質灌(guan)淤(yu)層,耕作(zuo)性好,含鉀量(liang)高(gao),對糖和淀粉的積累非常有(you)利。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):五(wu)原(yuan)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充沛(pei),灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉便利。黃河(he)流(liu)(liu)經河(he)套平(ping)原(yuan)345公里,年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)315億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)開(kai)采量(liang)達18億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。河(he)套灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區由黃河(he)三(san)盛(sheng)公水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉,每(mei)(mei)年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)10-11.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),是亞洲最(zui)大的(de)一(yi)首制自流(liu)(liu)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區,也是全(quan)國三(san)大灌(guan)(guan)(guan)區之一(yi)。黃河(he)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是最(zui)大的(de)地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan),一(yi)般年(nian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)336.5億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),全(quan)縣有5大干渠(qu),9條(tiao)分干渠(qu),135條(tiao)農渠(qu),密如蛛網的(de)毛(mao)渠(qu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉著全(quan)縣土地,每(mei)(mei)年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)10~11.6億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋(mai)(mai)藏(zang)在第四紀沉積層中,一(yi)般埋(mai)(mai)深0.5~3.2米(mi)之間,含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)厚(hou)度(du)30~160米(mi),礦化度(du)低于3克/升。充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為五(wu)原(yuan)小麥提供了良(liang)好的(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉條(tiao)件,而且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)充沛(pei),無工業(ye)污染。
3、氣(qi)候情況:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)溫帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)候,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海拔高(gao)度1102.7米(mi),具有(you)光能豐富、日(ri)照(zhao)充足、晝夜溫差(cha)大(da)、降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)少而集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫7.0℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)速2.6米(mi)/秒(miao),東(dong)北風(feng)向較多。全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)3192.5小時,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)百分(fen)率(lv)72%,太(tai)陽年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)輻射總數(shu)153.439千卡(ka)/平(ping)方厘米(mi),無(wu)(wu)霜期117~136天。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)169毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),降水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)(zhong)在夏秋兩(liang)季。年(nian)(nian)際降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)變化大(da)。年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)2067.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),是(shi)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)11.5倍(bei),屬(shu)半干旱類型。獨特(te)的(de)(de)氣(qi)候條件,適宜五原(yuan)(yuan)小麥的(de)(de)生長發育,并且遠離(li)污(wu)染,產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質優(you)佳(jia),是(shi)國家和(he)自治區重要的(de)(de)綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)畜產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)基地。 4、農(nong)(nong)業環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)欠發達地區,主要以農(nong)(nong)業經濟為(wei)主,處于(yu)(yu)草原(yuan)(yuan)和(he)沙漠的(de)(de)包(bao)圍之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),基本上(shang)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染地區。據環(huan)保部(bu)門測(ce)定:五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)綜(zong)合(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)=0.56,屬(shu)一(yi)級(ji)水(shui)(shui)平(ping),說明(ming)空氣(qi)清潔,未被(bei)污(wu)染。土(tu)壤綜(zong)合(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)=0.78,屬(shu)二級(ji)清潔標準(zhun),基本未受(shou)到污(wu)染。灌溉用水(shui)(shui)綜(zong)合(he)指(zhi)數(shu)P綜(zong)=0.72,屬(shu)二級(ji)清潔標準(zhun)。綜(zong)上(shang)所述,五原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)的(de)(de)大(da)氣(qi)、土(tu)壤、水(shui)(shui)質等(deng)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)十(shi)分(fen)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)發展生態農(nong)(nong)業。
三.地域范圍
五原(yuan)縣位(wei)于內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)西部巴彥淖爾市(shi),南(nan)鄰(lin)黃(huang)河(he),北靠陰(yin)山(shan),東(dong)西分別與(yu)烏拉特(te)前旗和臨河(he)區(qu)接壤,地(di)處河(he)套平原(yuan)腹地(di),地(di)勢平坦(tan),土地(di)坡降僅(jin)為八(ba)千(qian)分之一,110國道、京藏高速和包蘭鐵(tie)路全(quan)境通過。地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)位(wei)于(五原(yuan)小麥農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志保護(hu)范圍):東(dong)經107°35′70″——108°37′50″,北緯40°46′30″——41°16′45″。東(dong)西長約(yue)(yue)62.5公(gong)里,南(nan)北寬約(yue)(yue)40公(gong)里。轄9個鄉鎮,117個行政(zheng)村,774個社(she),總人(ren)口(kou)30.3萬(wan)人(ren),總戶數52978戶,其中農(nong)業人(ren)口(kou)21萬(wan),有勞(lao)動力10萬(wan)人(ren),總耕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)230萬(wan)畝。全(quan)縣小麥生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)16467公(gong)頃,產(chan)量86450噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
產品(pin)外在(zai)感觀(guan)特征:五原小麥(mai)的(de)主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)為(wei)永良4號,是河套灌區的(de)特色品(pin)種(zhong),該(gai)小麥(mai)籽粒飽滿,容(rong)重高,蛋(dan)白質含量高,面筋(jin)值高,加工成的(de)面粉適應面廣,做出的(de)餃子、面條色澤(ze)好(hao),透亮,玻璃(li)質表(biao)現明顯,食用品(pin)質好(hao),筋(jin)道,滑爽,粘(zhan)彈性好(hao),營養豐(feng)富,深受廣大消(xiao)費者(zhe)青睞(lai)。
產品內在品質(zhi)(zhi)特性:五(wu)原小(xiao)麥(mai)口感好,營養(yang)豐富,經檢測,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)14-18.0g/100g,面筋質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)27-33%,能量(liang)為(wei)1489-1536KJ/100g,碳水化合物(wu)為(wei)68.4-70.2g/100g,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)和濕面筋質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)分別比全國平均(jun)水平高1.4%和3.3%。