產地及環境
產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)處(chu)青藏(zang)高(gao)原(yuan),地(di)形(xing)復雜,大體可(ke)分為高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、半高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和河(he)谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)3000米以(yi)(yi)上,屬牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫1~7℃(最高(gao)27.7℃,最低-28.6℃),無霜(shuang)期40~129天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)640毫米左右(you)。境內(nei)牧(mu)(mu)場寬(kuan)廣,屬高(gao)原(yuan)草(cao)甸草(cao)地(di),牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)以(yi)(yi)禾(he)本科,莎草(cao)科為主(zhu),少量(liang)(liang)為豆(dou)(dou)科、薔薇科。農(nong)作物一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)青稞、春(chun)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、馬鈴薯為主(zhu),蕎(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、燕麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、蔓(man)青等次之。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業較發達,以(yi)(yi)牦牛,綿羊量(liang)(liang)多,馬次之,豬(zhu)(zhu)較少,以(yi)(yi)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)(mu)為主(zhu)。半山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)在2000~3000米之間,屬半農(nong)半牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),是(shi)藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)的主(zhu)要產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫7~12℃(最高(gao)30.2℃,最低-15℃),無霜(shuang)期110~190天(tian)(tian)。氣候(hou)干燥,日照長。農(nong)作物—年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟(shu)或兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)三熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)青稞、小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、玉米和馬鈴薯為主(zhu),蠶豆(dou)(dou)、豌豆(dou)(dou)次之。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)羊、牛為主(zhu),其次是(shi)豬(zhu)(zhu)。河(he)谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)在2000米以(yi)(yi)下(xia),屬農(nong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫12~18℃(最高(gao)35℃,最低-3℃),無霜(shuang)期180~300天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)850毫米左右(you)。農(nong)作物一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)兩(liang)熟(shu),主(zhu)產(chan)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)、玉米,其次為水(shui)(shui)稻、青稞、馬鈴薯等。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)(zhu)、羊為主(zhu),其次是(shi)牛、馬。
地理分布
迪慶(qing)藏豬主要分(fen)布在云南(nan)省的迪慶(qing)藏族(zu)自治州等(deng)地。
生活習性
迪(di)慶藏豬終年放(fang)(fang)牧(mu),飼養管理粗放(fang)(fang),與牛、羊混群或單(dan)群放(fang)(fang)牧(mu),以采(cai)食(shi)蕨麻、酸酸草(cao)、野(ye)蒿、野(ye)胡蘿卜、珠(zhu)芽寥(liao)、野(ye)苜蓿等(deng)牧(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽(zi)和橡樹(shu)等(deng)的落(luo)果、農作物(wu)的落(luo)谷(gu)為(wei)主。夏秋季(ji)(約(yue)5~10月份)野(ye)生飼料豐富(fu),冬(dong)春(chun)季(ji)則(ze)以蕨麻和草(cao)根為(wei)主。迪(di)慶藏豬放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)性(xing)能(neng)良好(hao),每日(ri)放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)10小時左右,據測(ce)定(ding)放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)采(cai)食(shi)時間占86%.游走和休息時間占15%,采(cai)食(shi)率14.07%。
形態特征
迪(di)慶(qing)藏(zang)豬(zhu)成年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)平均體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),體(ti)(ti)(ti)長96.50厘(li)米,胸圍77.20厘(li)米,體(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)52.10厘(li)米;成年(nian)母豬(zhu)相應為:54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),100.13厘(li)米,87.01厘(li)米,53.95厘(li)米。在放牧條(tiao)件(jian)下,母豬(zhu)一(yi)般年(nian)產(chan)仔(zi)一(yi)窩。仔(zi)豬(zhu)初生重(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),2~3月(yue)齡時(shi)自然(ran)斷乳,斷乳體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)2~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。由于飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理條(tiao)件(jian)差,母豬(zhu)性野和野獸猛禽(qin)的(de)(de)侵害,哺育(yu)率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)。迪(di)慶(qing)藏(zang)豬(zhu)在終年(nian)放牧條(tiao)件(jian)下,肥育(yu)豬(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)緩(huan)慢。12月(yue)齡體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)20~25公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),24月(yue)齡35~40公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。在舍(she)飼(si)條(tiao)件(jian)下,用(yong)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)含消化能3.3兆卡,消化粗(cu)蛋白166克的(de)(de)混合料(liao)不(bu)限(xian)量(liang)飼(si)養(yang)(yang),307日(ri)齡體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)達53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),日(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)173克,每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)耗混合料(liao)5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。迪(di)慶(qing)藏(zang)豬(zhu)能適應惡劣的(de)(de)高(gao)原(yuan)氣候、終年(nian)放牧和低(di)劣的(de)(de)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理條(tiao)件(jian),但屠宰率(lv)不(bu)高(gao),皮較(jiao)(jiao)薄,胴(dong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中瘦肉較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),采用(yong)舍(she)飼(si)不(bu)限(xian)量(liang)飼(si)養(yang)(yang),雖增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)快、屠宰率(lv)提(ti)高(gao),但胴(dong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中脂肪含量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)多(duo)。