產地及環境
產區(qu)(qu)地處青(qing)藏(zang)高(gao)原(yuan),地形(xing)復雜(za),大體(ti)可(ke)分為(wei)高(gao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、半高(gao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)和河谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)。高(gao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)海拔3000米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang),屬牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)1~7℃(最(zui)高(gao)27.7℃,最(zui)低(di)-28.6℃),無霜(shuang)期(qi)40~129天,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量640毫(hao)米(mi)左右(you)。境內牧(mu)(mu)場寬(kuan)廣,屬高(gao)原(yuan)草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)地,牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)禾本科(ke),莎(sha)草(cao)(cao)科(ke)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),少量為(wei)豆科(ke)、薔(qiang)薇(wei)科(ke)。農作物(wu)一年(nian)一熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)、春小(xiao)麥、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),蕎麥、燕麥、蔓青(qing)等次之(zhi)(zhi)。畜牧(mu)(mu)業較發(fa)達(da),以(yi)(yi)牦牛(niu)(niu),綿羊量多,馬(ma)次之(zhi)(zhi),豬較少,以(yi)(yi)常年(nian)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。半山(shan)區(qu)(qu)海拔在2000~3000米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,屬半農半牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu),是(shi)(shi)藏(zang)豬的主(zhu)(zhu)要產區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7~12℃(最(zui)高(gao)30.2℃,最(zui)低(di)-15℃),無霜(shuang)期(qi)110~190天。氣(qi)候干燥,日照長。農作物(wu)—年(nian)一熟(shu)或兩年(nian)三熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)、小(xiao)麥、玉米(mi)和馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),蠶豆、豌豆次之(zhi)(zhi)。畜牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)羊、牛(niu)(niu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)(qi)次是(shi)(shi)豬。河谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)海拔在2000米(mi)以(yi)(yi)下,屬農區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12~18℃(最(zui)高(gao)35℃,最(zui)低(di)-3℃),無霜(shuang)期(qi)180~300天,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量850毫(hao)米(mi)左右(you)。農作物(wu)一年(nian)兩熟(shu),主(zhu)(zhu)產小(xiao)麥、玉米(mi),其(qi)(qi)次為(wei)水(shui)(shui)稻、青(qing)稞(ke)、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯等。畜牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)豬、羊為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)(qi)次是(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶藏豬主(zhu)要分布在(zai)云南省的(de)迪慶藏族自(zi)治州等地。
生活習性
迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)終年放牧(mu),飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理粗放,與牛、羊(yang)混群(qun)或(huo)單群(qun)放牧(mu),以采(cai)食蕨(jue)麻、酸(suan)(suan)酸(suan)(suan)草(cao)、野(ye)蒿、野(ye)胡蘿卜(bu)、珠芽寥、野(ye)苜(mu)蓿等(deng)牧(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽(zi)和橡(xiang)樹(shu)等(deng)的落果、農(nong)作(zuo)物的落谷為主。夏(xia)秋季(約5~10月份(fen))野(ye)生飼(si)(si)料豐富,冬(dong)春(chun)季則以蕨(jue)麻和草(cao)根(gen)為主。迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)放牧(mu)性能(neng)良好,每日放牧(mu)10小時左右(you),據(ju)測定(ding)放牧(mu)采(cai)食時間占86%.游走和休息時間占15%,采(cai)食率14.07%。
形態特征
迪慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)平均體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),體(ti)長96.50厘(li)米,胸圍77.20厘(li)米,體(ti)高52.10厘(li)米;成年母豬(zhu)相應為(wei):54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),100.13厘(li)米,87.01厘(li)米,53.95厘(li)米。在(zai)放(fang)牧條(tiao)件下(xia),母豬(zhu)一(yi)般(ban)年產(chan)仔一(yi)窩(wo)。仔豬(zhu)初(chu)生重(zhong)(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),2~3月(yue)齡(ling)時自然(ran)斷乳,斷乳體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)2~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。由于飼(si)養管理條(tiao)件差,母豬(zhu)性野和野獸(shou)猛禽的(de)侵害(hai),哺育率較(jiao)低。迪慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)在(zai)終(zhong)年放(fang)牧條(tiao)件下(xia),肥育豬(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)緩慢。12月(yue)齡(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)20~25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),24月(yue)齡(ling)35~40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。在(zai)舍(she)(she)飼(si)條(tiao)件下(xia),用(yong)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)含消(xiao)化能(neng)3.3兆卡,消(xiao)化粗蛋白166克(ke)的(de)混(hun)合料不限量(liang)飼(si)養,307日齡(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)達(da)53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),日增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)173克(ke),每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)耗混(hun)合料5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。迪慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)能(neng)適(shi)應惡(e)劣(lie)的(de)高原(yuan)氣候、終(zhong)年放(fang)牧和低劣(lie)的(de)飼(si)養管理條(tiao)件,但屠宰(zai)率不高,皮(pi)較(jiao)薄,胴體(ti)中(zhong)瘦肉(rou)較(jiao)多,采用(yong)舍(she)(she)飼(si)不限量(liang)飼(si)養,雖增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)快、屠宰(zai)率提高,但胴體(ti)中(zhong)脂(zhi)肪(fang)含量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)多。