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品種特點

歐拉(la)羊體質結實，肢高體大(da)(da)，背腰(yao)較(jiao)寬平，胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)深(shen)，后軀發育好，十字(zi)部略高于體高。頭稍(shao)狹長(chang)，呈(cheng)銳三角(jiao)形，成年羊額寬與頭長(chang)比為1∶1.72，鼻(bi)梁隆(long)凸，眼廓(kuo)微突，耳較(jiao)大(da)(da)，多數(shu)具有肉髯，公羊前胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)著生(sheng)黃褐色“胸(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)毛”，而(er)母羊不明顯。公羊角(jiao)粗而(er)長(chang)，呈(cheng)淺螺旋狀向左(zuo)右平伸或(huo)稍(shao)向前，角(jiao)尖向外，角(jiao)尖距(ju)離(li)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，母羊角(jiao)較(jiao)細(xi)小。尾短小而(er)瘦，呈(cheng)扁錐(zhui)形。

歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)素以個體高大，肌肉(rou)豐滿產(chan)肉(rou)量高而著稱，是(shi)藏系綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)中產(chan)肉(rou)性(xing)(xing)能最好的(de)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)。然而近些年來，由于(yu)對歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)本品(pin)種(zhong)選育和(he)(he)培(pei)育工作重(zhong)視不(bu)夠，加之(zhi)天然草(cao)原退化(hua)、沙(sha)化(hua)和(he)(he)鼠蟲害泛濫等原因，甘南州(zhou)歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)質量受到明顯影(ying)響，突出表(biao)現于(yu)育成種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)繁(fan)殖(zhi)力(li)和(he)(he)體重(zhong)、體高等生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)(xing)能均(jun)呈下降(jiang)(jiang)趨(qu)勢，甘南州(zhou)藏系綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)個體平均(jun)變(bian)小 16. 7% ，產(chan)肉(rou)量平均(jun)下降(jiang)(jiang) 18. 3% ，雙羔(gao)率(lv)幾乎(hu)為零，全州(zhou)牲畜優良品(pin)種(zhong)所(suo)占比(bi)例(li)低(di)，畜產(chan)品(pin)的(de)質不(bu)優、量不(bu)高。針對上述情(qing)況，通過開展歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)本品(pin)種(zhong)選育和(he)(he)培(pei)育試驗，探索歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)選留、飼(si)養標準和(he)(he)日常管理方法，從而為提升甘南州(zhou)歐拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)繁(fan)殖(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能和(he)(he)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)(xing)能提供科學依據。

根(gen)據趙有璋等（1977）的研究，在(zai)2242只(zhi)母羊中(zhong)，全(quan)白者(zhe)占0.67%，體白者(zhe)占11.95%，體雜者(zhe)占86.44%，全(quan)黑者(zhe)占0.94%。

生產性能

產肉性能

6月(yue)齡(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平均體(ti)重(zhong) 35.14公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，母羊(yang)31.44公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，1.5歲(sui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平均體(ti)重(zhong)48.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，母羊(yang)為52.76公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平均體(ti)重(zhong)66.82公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，成年母羊(yang)為52.76公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。1.5歲(sui)羯羊(yang)胴(dong)體(ti)重(zhong)18.05公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，內臟脂肪(fang)重(zhong)0.74公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，屠(tu)宰率(lv)47.81%；成年母羊(yang)胴(dong)體(ti)重(zhong)25.83公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，內臟脂肪(fang)重(zhong)2.15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，屠(tu)宰率(lv)48.1%；成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羯羊(yang)上(shang)述指(zhi)標(biao)相應為30.75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、2.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)和54.19%。

產毛性能

歐拉羊(yang)被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)稀，死毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)多，頭、頸(jing)、尾、腹(fu)和(he)四肢均覆蓋短刺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)年母(mu)羊(yang)的毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)被中，無(wu)髓(sui)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)39.03%，兩型毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)25.44%，有髓(sui)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)7.41%，死毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)占(zhan)(zhan)28.12%。剪毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)量成(cheng)(cheng)年公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)平(ping)均1.0公(gong)(gong)斤，成(cheng)(cheng)年母(mu)羊(yang)為0.86公(gong)(gong)斤，凈(jing)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)率76%。

產皮性能

歐拉羊(yang)皮質地致密，面積(ji)大，柔韌性好，加工延展(zhan)度達12%，是制(zhi)革和縫(feng)制(zhi)牧民皮襖的上(shang)好原料。10月份(fen)宰割鮮皮重3 ～7 kg 、面積(ji) 0.56 ～1.33 m。歐拉老羊(yang)皮皮板厚而結(jie)實(shi)，隔風御(yu)寒(han)性能極佳 。

繁殖性能

歐拉母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)的母(mu)(mu)性良好，育羔能力強。一(yi)般(ban)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)在1.5歲(sui)開始發情，繁殖年(nian)限5～6年(nian)。 每年(nian)產(chan)(chan)羔1 次(ci)，每胎1羔。母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)發情周期(qi)平均為(wei)(wei) 17.54 d、妊娠期(qi)151.31d 。當(dang)地習慣產(chan)(chan)冬羔，一(yi)般(ban)在7 ～ 9月份配種(zhong)，12月至翌年(nian)2 月份產(chan)(chan)羔。1.5歲(sui)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)的繁殖成活(huo)率為(wei)(wei)48%，成年(nian)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)的繁殖成活(huo)率為(wei)(wei)68%。

歐拉羔羊育肥

青(qing)(qing)海省海南州貴南縣森多(duo)鄉充分挖(wa)掘利用(yong)本土(tu)良種(zhong)歐(ou)拉(la)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)帶動作用(yong)，2009年(nian)引入青(qing)(qing)藏高原(yuan)上(shang)的(de)歐(ou)拉(la)羊(yang)(yang)做(zuo)父本，以普通藏綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)做(zuo)母本，應用(yong)歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)育肥技術，發(fa)展當地的(de)肉羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)產業,推行(xing)歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)當年(nian)育肥出(chu)欄生(sheng)產。2010年(nian)10月(yue)18日，藏酷歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)總共(gong)出(chu)欄32只(zhi)(zhi)公羔(gao)(gao)。其(qi)中最大(da)的(de)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)為84市斤，平均毛重為63.75市斤/只(zhi)(zhi)。增(zeng)重效果(guo)顯著，對牧民的(de)增(zeng)收效果(guo)也非常突出(chu)。

在收購歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)的現場，牧(mu)戶吉貝說：歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)這(zhe)個實驗真好，歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)既能當年(nian)出欄了(le)，同(tong)時我們又見到了(le)效益。相比往年(nian)，今年(nian)歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)肉(rou)價(jia)格很高(gao)，往年(nian)羊(yang)肉(rou)價(jia)格在11元/斤(jin)(jin)左右，而今年(nian)羊(yang)肉(rou)漲到13.5元/斤(jin)(jin)。比往年(nian)一(yi)只羊(yang)能多賺上100多元錢。當然愿意繼續搞實驗。實驗牧(mu)戶吉貝和森多鄉畜牧(mu)防(fang)疫站表示：歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)實驗很不錯(cuo)，歐(ou)(ou)拉(la)(la)(la)羔(gao)(gao)(gao)羊(yang)產(chan)業(ye)帶(dai)動(dong)了(le)牧(mu)民的積極性(xing)，牧(mu)民受到了(le)很大的利(li)益，同(tong)時對草(cao)場保(bao)護也(ye)非常有利(li)。

貴南(nan)縣森多(duo)鄉牧戶吉(ji)貝(bei)家32只藏酷(ku)歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)出欄總毛(mao)(mao)重為(wei)1020公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，其(qi)中(zhong)最大(da)的歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)為(wei)42公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，中(zhong)等的歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)為(wei)33公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，偏(pian)小的歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)為(wei)20公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。平(ping)均(jun)毛(mao)(mao)重為(wei)31.875公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/只。而(er)當地其(qi)它(ta)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)平(ping)均(jun)毛(mao)(mao)重為(wei)26.35公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/只。藏酷(ku)歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)胴(dong)體(ti)總重為(wei)420.05公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，平(ping)均(jun)胴(dong)體(ti)重為(wei)13.125公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。平(ping)均(jun)每只藏酷(ku)歐(ou)拉(la)羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)出成率41.18%。

在青(qing)藏牧(mu)(mu)區推廣藏酷歐拉(la)羔羊(yang)(yang)當(dang)年(nian)育肥出(chu)(chu)欄，能夠收(shou)(shou)到三贏的效果：第一，歐拉(la)羔羊(yang)(yang)當(dang)年(nian)育肥出(chu)(chu)欄，牧(mu)(mu)民養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)的出(chu)(chu)欄率(lv)、商品(pin)率(lv)提高了(le)，可以使牧(mu)(mu)民增收(shou)(shou)；其二，商品(pin)羔羊(yang)(yang)在當(dang)年(nian)秋季育肥出(chu)(chu)欄了(le)，越冬的只有種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)和母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)，冬春季牲畜數量減少，減少了(le)對飼草(cao)(cao)料(liao)的需(xu)求。冬春季節(jie)對母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)及羔羊(yang)(yang)進行舍飼喂(wei)養(yang)，不進行放牧(mu)(mu)，便消除了(le)牲畜冬春季節(jie)的超載過牧(mu)(mu)現象。這(zhe)樣就緩解了(le)草(cao)(cao)畜矛盾，從而保護了(le)極度脆弱的草(cao)(cao)原生態環境。第三，歐拉(la)羔羊(yang)(yang)肉好吃好賣價高，提高了(le)農牧(mu)(mu)民養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)的經(jing)濟效益。