產地及環境
海(hai)拔(ba)一般為(wei)2500~3200米(mi),山(shan)峰在3000米(mi)以上。氣(qi)(qi)候高(gao)寒,年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)5.5℃,最低(1月)氣(qi)(qi)溫平均為(wei)-7.1℃,最高(gao)(7月)氣(qi)(qi)溫平均為(wei)15.9℃,無(wu)霜期為(wei)90~120天,年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)635毫米(mi),7~9月份為(wei)雨季(ji),占全年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的65%以上,蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1246毫米(mi),相對濕度(du),夏(xia)、秋季(ji)為(wei)73~74%,冬、春季(ji)為(wei)65~68%。洮河(he)干(gan)流在岷縣(xian)境內自西向東、向北流過。南有達拉(la)嶺,北有木寒嶺和岷山(shan)三(san)個(ge)草山(shan)草坡地帶,植被(bei)覆蓋度(du)好,是放(fang)牧的好草場。牧草以禾本(ben)科為(wei)主(zhu),還有柳絲灌(guan)木及部分森林(lin)草場。農(nong)作物有春小麥、蠶豆、青(qing)稞、燕麥和馬鈴薯等。經濟作物主(zhu)產油料和當(dang)歸。
地理分布
岷縣(xian)黑裘(qiu)皮羊主(zhu)要(yao)分布在岷縣(xian)境內洮河(he)兩岸、宕(dang)昌縣(xian)、臨(lin)潭縣(xian)、臨(lin)洮縣(xian)及渭源縣(xian)部分地區。
品種特征
岷縣黑(hei)(hei)裘皮羊(yang)體(ti)質細致,結構緊湊(cou)。頭清秀,鼻梁隆起,公羊(yang)有(you)角,向(xiang)后向(xiang)外呈(cheng)螺旋狀彎曲,母羊(yang)多(duo)數(shu)無角,少數(shu)有(you)小角。頸(jing)長適(shi)中。背平直。尾小呈(cheng)錐形。體(ti)軀、四肢、頭、尾和(he)蹄全呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)色。
品種性能
岷縣(xian)黑(hei)(hei)裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)羊成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)羊平(ping)均(jun)體高、體長(chang)、胸圍和(he)體重分別(bie)為:56.2±0.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),58.7±0.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),76.1±0.9厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),31.1±0.8公(gong)斤,成(cheng)年(nian)母羊分別(bie)為:54.3±0.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),55.7±0.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),77.9±1.0厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),27.5±0.3公(gong)斤。岷縣(xian)黑(hei)(hei)裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)羊主要以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產黑(hei)(hei)色二(er)(er)(er)毛(mao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)聞名(ming)。此外(wai),還(huan)產二(er)(er)(er)剪(jian)(jian)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。羔羊初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)毛(mao)被長(chang)2厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),呈(cheng)(cheng)環狀或半環狀彎曲,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)到兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)月左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),毛(mao)的(de)自然長(chang)度(du)不短于7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),這時(shi)所(suo)宰剝的(de)毛(mao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)稱二(er)(er)(er)毛(mao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。典型(xing)二(er)(er)(er)毛(mao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)的(de)特點是(shi)(shi):毛(mao)長(chang)不短于7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),毛(mao)股(gu)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)呈(cheng)(cheng)花穗,尖(jian)端為環形或半環形,有3~5個(ge)(ge)彎曲。好(hao)的(de)二(er)(er)(er)毛(mao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)的(de)毛(mao)纖(xian)維從(cong)根(gen)到尖(jian)全黑(hei)(hei),光澤(ze)悅(yue)目,皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)板較薄(bo)。皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)板面(mian)積平(ping)均(jun)為1350平(ping)方厘(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。二(er)(er)(er)剪(jian)(jian)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)是(shi)(shi)當(dang)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)羔羊,剪(jian)(jian)過一次春毛(mao),到第二(er)(er)(er)次剪(jian)(jian)毛(mao)期(當(dang)年(nian)秋(qiu)季)宰殺后(hou)所(suo)剝取的(de)毛(mao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。其特點是(shi)(shi):毛(mao)股(gu)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian),從(cong)尖(jian)到根(gen)有3~4個(ge)(ge)彎曲,光澤(ze)好(hao),皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)板面(mian)積大,保(bao)暖(nuan)、耐穿。其缺(que)點是(shi)(shi):絨毛(mao)較多(duo),毛(mao)股(gu)間(jian)易(yi)粘結,皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)板較重。岷縣(xian)黑(hei)(hei)裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)羊每年(nian)剪(jian)(jian)毛(mao)兩(liang)次,4月中旬(xun)剪(jian)(jian)春毛(mao),9月份(fen)剪(jian)(jian)秋(qiu)毛(mao),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)剪(jian)(jian)毛(mao)量為0.75公(gong)斤。羊毛(mao)用于制氈。
養殖管理
岷(min)縣黑裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)適應性較強(qiang),黑裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)管(guan)理方式(shi)可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)半放(fang)牧半舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)模式(shi)喂(wei)養(yang)(yang),農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)需要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)如下養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)管(guan)理:調(diao)整(zheng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun),實(shi)行(xing)(xing)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)節舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),必須在(zai)入冬(dong)(dong)(dong)前對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)進行(xing)(xing)調(diao)整(zheng),除(chu)盡量(liang)出售完(wan)肉羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)外,要(yao)堅決淘汰(tai)不孕母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)及弱(ruo)、病、殘羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)及老羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。根據自己的(de)(de)具體(ti)條件,如飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料的(de)(de)貯(zhu)備(bei)(bei)量(liang)、暖棚(peng)和(he)(he)圜舍(she)面積等(deng)(deng)確(que)定飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)規模。貯(zhu)備(bei)(bei)足夠草(cao)(cao)料,飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料的(de)(de)貯(zhu)備(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)保證羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)物(wu)質基礎,養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)戶(hu)(hu)應把(ba)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料的(de)(de)貯(zhu)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)作放(fang)到(dao)首要(yao)位置(zhi)。生產中一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)取以(yi)下措施(shi)貯(zhu)備(bei)(bei)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)草(cao)(cao)料。曬制青(qing)(qing)干草(cao)(cao)。青(qing)(qing)干草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)價(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)于(yu)農(nong)作物(wu)秸稈(gan),有條件的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)應采(cai)(cai)集野草(cao)(cao)及灌(guan)(guan)木(mu)枝葉曬制成青(qing)(qing)干草(cao)(cao)。收集農(nong)作物(wu)秸稈(gan)。玉米秸、稻草(cao)(cao)、麥秸、花(hua)生秧、甘(gan)薯(shu)藤、豆(dou)稈(gan)豆(dou)莢等(deng)(deng),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料,可(ke)加工(gong)處理后貯(zhu)備(bei)(bei)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)。還(huan)有就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)種植優(you)質牧草(cao)(cao)。在(zai)有條件的(de)(de)地(di)區可(ke)種植優(you)質高(gao)產牧草(cao)(cao),hn-mc紫花(hua)苜蓿(xu)畝(mu)產在(zai)1萬千克左右(you),刈(yi)割青(qing)(qing)貯(zhu)或曬干,因其蛋白質等(deng)(deng)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)物(wu)質含量(liang)豐富(fu),還(huan)有hn-mc黑麥草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng),粗纖維含量(liang)比較高(gao),這(zhe)些都(dou)是(shi)(shi)適宜喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)岷(min)縣黑裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de),對冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)補飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)能起到(dao)一(yi)定的(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)調(diao)控(kong)作用。在(zai)防(fang)(fang)管(guan)理方面,要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)岷(min)縣黑裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)驅蟲(chong)防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)、分群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理 在(zai)入冬(dong)(dong)(dong)前要(yao)對舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)(xing)驅蟲(chong)和(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)疫(yi),并對公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、懷孕母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、后備(bei)(bei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)分群(qun)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)與管(guan)理。岷(min)縣黑裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)搭(da)建(jian)(jian)暖棚(peng)和(he)(he)維修(xiu)(xiu)圈舍(she),在(zai)入冬(dong)(dong)(dong)前要(yao)搭(da)建(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)維修(xiu)(xiu)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)暖棚(peng)和(he)(he)圈舍(she),并進行(xing)(xing)徹(che)底(di)清掃(sao)后消(xiao)毒(du);對運(yun)(yun)動場也要(yao)整(zheng)理消(xiao)毒(du),在(zai)出入門口設置(zhi)消(xiao)毒(du)池。岷(min)縣黑裘(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)需要(yao)保持(chi)適度的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動 養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)戶(hu)(hu)在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)圈養(yang)(yang)后,還(huan)需使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)保持(chi)適度的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動,可(ke)增強(qiang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)體(ti)質。一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)在(zai)無雨雪天(tian),每天(tian)把(ba)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)趕(gan)到(dao)可(ke)放(fang)牧的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)地(di)后適當放(fang)牧3-5小時(shi),讓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)能采(cai)(cai)食到(dao)一(yi)定量(liang)的(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)綠灌(guan)(guan)木(mu)枝葉和(he)(he)野生雜(za)草(cao)(cao),又增強(qiang)了(le)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)體(ti)質,可(ke)減輕(qing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)春(chun)乏。