產地環境
裕民(min)縣地(di)(di)處中國西北(bei)部,位于北(bei)緯45。41’~46。30’,東經(jing)82。12’~83。30’,阿爾(er)泰山和(he)天山之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)塔額盆地(di)(di)。裕民(min)縣土地(di)(di)面(mian)積6530平方公里,地(di)(di)形南高(gao)北(bei)低(di),東高(gao)西低(di),巴爾(er)魯克山橫臥中間(jian)(jian)。海拔高(gao)度(du)390~3052米,山地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵、沖積平原、沼澤地(di)(di)等分布其間(jian)(jian),地(di)(di)貌及自然條件(jian)復雜多樣。有50萬畝(mu)耕地(di)(di)及707萬畝(mu)草場,24條河流橫穿縣境。裕民(min)縣屬典型溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸性氣候,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)大,日照(zhao)時間(jian)(jian)長,年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)6.7℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水(shui)量280毫(hao)米,積雪深度(du)34.4厘米,平均(jun)日照(zhao)時間(jian)(jian)3122.6小時,無霜(shuang)期156天。為紅花的(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)提(ti)供了(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)。
品種特性
紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)為一(yi)(yi)年生或多年生草(cao)本,直根系植物(wu)。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)油(you)(you)質清亮(liang),食用可口,有醫(yi)療作用,可治高(gao)血壓、動脈硬化(hua)等(deng)心(xin)血管疾病。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)油(you)(you)碘價(jia)高(gao)(150),是(shi)(shi)較高(gao)級的(de)干性(xing)油(you)(you)類。工業上廣泛用以造涂料、肥皂、印刷油(you)(you)和增強感光材料柔(rou)和性(xing)油(you)(you)劑等(deng)。去殼(ke)制油(you)(you)后的(de)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)粕蛋白(bai)質含量為19%,是(shi)(shi)牲畜的(de)優良飼料。從(cong)中提取食用蛋白(bai),是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種有前途的(de)植物(wu)蛋白(bai)資源。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)花(hua)絲含有紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)黃(huang)色素(su)及紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)試,是(shi)(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)中藥材,有活血化(hua)淤,通經止(zhi)痛之功效,主(zhu)治閉經、難產、死(si)胎、疲(pi)血作痛、痛腫、跌打損傷等(deng)癥(zheng)。
裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物,但對溫度的適應范圍較寬,一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃,即可滿足生長發育需要,溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽,5℃時發芽良好,溫度升高,發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下,發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫,可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大,分枝葉片小,葉片淡綠色,橢園形,較厚,葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米,分枝高度35一40厘米,一次(ci)有效分(fen)枝6一9個,二次(ci)有效分(fen)枝7一10個,花(hua)紅色,全株種(zhong)球10一30個,單株粒400一440粒,籽粒白色,四(si)棱卵園形,有冠毛(mao)或無冠毛(mao),千粒重(zhong)38一45克(ke),皮殼率52.8%,含油率28一30%。生(sheng)長(chang)期125一135天。生(sheng)長(chang)勢(shi)強(qiang),生(sheng)長(chang)整齊(qi),適應(ying)性廣(guang)、抗(kang)寒、抗(kang)旱、耐瘠(ji)薄、耐鹽堿,輕感紅花(hua)銹病。一般畝產籽95公(gong)斤(jin),采花(hua)8公(gong)斤(jin);高者可產籽120公(gong)斤(jin)以上,采花(hua)10公(gong)斤(jin)。
有(you)刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與無(wu)(wu)(wu)刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)只(zhi)是(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)形態上(shang)的(de)差別(bie),這(zhe)(zhe)種差別(bie)所導(dao)(dao)致的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(絲(si))采摘方式對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)后(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)有(you)著(zhu)較(jiao)大的(de)影(ying)響。有(you)刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)由于其(qi)植(zhi)物干莖和葉片均生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)有(you)刺(ci)(ci),使(shi)得(de)人工采摘紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(絲(si))極其(qi)困難,在后(hou)續(xu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)共同生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)2個(ge)月中,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)特別(bie)是(shi)果實飽(bao)和度受到紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(絲(si))共同生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)影(ying)響,導(dao)(dao)致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)中的(de)營養指標受到一定的(de)影(ying)響。而無(wu)(wu)(wu)刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則有(you)效(xiao)解決了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問題。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(絲(si))被方便地(di)采摘后(hou),不僅可以得(de)到有(you)效(xiao)利用,更主(zhu)要(yao)地(di),使(shi)得(de)“獨享干莖養份”的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)后(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)指標得(de)到保(bao)證(zheng)。因此(ci),無(wu)(wu)(wu)刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)的(de)大小、飽(bao)滿(man)度、光(guang)澤度均優(you)于有(you)刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)論是(shi)出油(you)率還(huan)是(shi)亞(ya)油(you)酸(suan)、維生(sheng)素E的(de)含(han)量等(deng)指標,都有(you)了(le)很大的(de)提升。