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產地環境

裕(yu)民(min)縣地(di)(di)(di)處中國西(xi)(xi)北部，位于北緯45。41’～46。30’，東經82。12’～83。30’，阿爾(er)泰山和天(tian)山之間的(de)塔額盆地(di)(di)(di)。裕(yu)民(min)縣土地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)6530平(ping)方公里，地(di)(di)(di)形南高(gao)北低(di)，東高(gao)西(xi)(xi)低(di)，巴爾(er)魯克(ke)山橫(heng)臥中間。海拔高(gao)度390～3052米，山地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、沖積(ji)(ji)平(ping)原、沼澤(ze)地(di)(di)(di)等分(fen)布其間，地(di)(di)(di)貌及自(zi)然(ran)條(tiao)件(jian)復雜多樣。有50萬畝耕地(di)(di)(di)及707萬畝草場，24條(tiao)河流(liu)橫(heng)穿縣境。裕(yu)民(min)縣屬典(dian)型溫(wen)帶大陸(lu)性氣(qi)候(hou)，晝夜溫(wen)差大，日(ri)照時(shi)間長，年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)6．7℃，年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)280毫米，積(ji)(ji)雪深度34．4厘米，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)間3122．6小時(shi)，無霜期156天(tian)。為紅花的(de)種植(zhi)提供了良好(hao)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。

品種特性

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)為(wei)一年生或多年生草本，直根系植物。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)質清亮，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可口，有(you)醫療作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，可治高血壓、動脈硬(ying)化(hua)等心(xin)血管(guan)疾病。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)碘價高（150），是較高級的(de)干性(xing)油(you)(you)類。工業(ye)上廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)造涂(tu)料、肥皂、印刷(shua)油(you)(you)和增強感光材料柔和性(xing)油(you)(you)劑(ji)等。去殼制油(you)(you)后(hou)的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)粕蛋(dan)白質含量(liang)為(wei)19%，是牲畜的(de)優良飼料。從(cong)中提取食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蛋(dan)白，是一種有(you)前(qian)途(tu)的(de)植物蛋(dan)白資源。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)絲(si)含有(you)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)黃色素及紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)試(shi)，是傳統(tong)的(de)中藥材，有(you)活(huo)血化(hua)淤，通經(jing)止痛之功(gong)效，主治閉經(jing)、難產、死胎、疲血作(zuo)痛、痛腫、跌打損(sun)傷等癥。

裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物，但對溫度的適應范圍較寬，一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃，即可滿足生長發育需要，溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽，5℃時發芽良好，溫度升高，發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下，發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫，可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大，分枝葉片小，葉片淡綠色，橢園形，較厚，葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米，分枝高度35一40厘米，一(yi)次有(you)效分枝6一(yi)9個(ge)(ge)，二(er)次有(you)效分枝7一(yi)10個(ge)(ge)，花(hua)(hua)紅色，全株(zhu)種球10一(yi)30個(ge)(ge)，單株(zhu)粒400一(yi)440粒，籽粒白色，四棱卵園形，有(you)冠(guan)(guan)毛(mao)或(huo)無冠(guan)(guan)毛(mao)，千(qian)粒重(zhong)38一(yi)45克，皮殼率(lv)52.8%，含油率(lv)28一(yi)30%。生長(chang)(chang)期125一(yi)135天。生長(chang)(chang)勢強(qiang)，生長(chang)(chang)整齊，適(shi)應性(xing)廣、抗寒、抗旱、耐瘠薄(bo)、耐鹽堿，輕感紅花(hua)(hua)銹病。一(yi)般畝產籽95公(gong)斤，采花(hua)(hua)8公(gong)斤；高者可產籽120公(gong)斤以上，采花(hua)(hua)10公(gong)斤。

有(you)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與無(wu)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)只是生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)形態上的(de)(de)差(cha)別(bie)，這(zhe)種差(cha)別(bie)所導致的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲(si)）采(cai)摘方式對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)有(you)著較大(da)的(de)(de)影響。有(you)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)由于(yu)其(qi)植物干(gan)莖和(he)葉(xie)片均生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)有(you)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)，使得人工采(cai)摘紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲(si)）極其(qi)困難，在后(hou)(hou)續(xu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)共同生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)2個月中，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)特別(bie)是果實飽和(he)度(du)受到紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲(si)）共同生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)影響，導致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)中的(de)(de)營養指標受到一定的(de)(de)影響。而無(wu)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則(ze)有(you)效解決了(le)(le)這(zhe)個問(wen)題。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲(si)）被方便地采(cai)摘后(hou)(hou)，不僅可以得到有(you)效利用，更(geng)主要地，使得“獨享干(gan)莖養份”的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)指標得到保證(zheng)。因此，無(wu)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)、飽滿度(du)、光澤(ze)度(du)均優(you)于(yu)有(you)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)，無(wu)論(lun)是出油率還是亞油酸(suan)、維生(sheng)素E的(de)(de)含量等指標，都有(you)了(le)(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)提(ti)升。