一.產品介紹
新疆生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)設兵團(tuan)十二師西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)位(wei)于烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)市南郊(jiao)25公(gong)里處(chu),地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)天山(shan)(shan)北麓、烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)河上游洪(hong)積扇斜坡平(ping)原。1959年建(jian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)初(chu)期,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主要以(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)糧(liang)食作物為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)只滿足(zu)本場(chang)(chang)(chang)職工自己的需要。1980年改(gai)革開(kai)放以(yi)后,隨著城鎮人口(kou)的不斷增(zeng)加和生(sheng)活水(shui)平(ping)的提高(gao),烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)政府為(wei)(wei)(wei)滿足(zu)城鎮市民(min)的吃菜需求,決定在烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)市郊(jiao)發展三大副食品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di),西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)被(bei)確定為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)之一。由于地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)天山(shan)(shan)北麓烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)南郊(jiao),屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)冷(leng)涼氣候,年無霜期147天,夏季涼爽,光照充(chong)足(zu),加之土壤砂礫石(shi)含量(liang)較高(gao),特(te)(te)別適宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),因此,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)又被(bei)確定為(wei)(wei)(wei)自治(zhi)區(qu)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di),大力(li)發展菜用(yong)(yong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)解決病(bing)害問題(ti),西(xi)山(shan)(shan)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)依托石(shi)河子大學的科研力(li)量(liang),大力(li)發展脫毒(du)制(zhi)種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu),確保生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上全部使用(yong)(yong)脫毒(du)種(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。30年來,農(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)依靠獨(du)特(te)(te)的自然氣候和科技(ji)領先等優勢(shi),全力(li)發展馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業,現種(zhong)植(zhi)面積1500 hm2,年產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)6萬(wan)(wan)t左(zuo)右。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)從薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)到色澤和口(kou)感(gan),已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)特(te)(te)色菜用(yong)(yong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣大市民(min)所(suo)接(jie)受和熟知,多年來已(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)新疆各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)提供優質馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)90萬(wan)(wan)t。為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)市場(chang)(chang)(chang)競爭力(li),該(gai)場(chang)(chang)(chang)注冊(ce)了“碧泉”牌(pai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)商(shang)標(biao),并已(yi)通(tong)過(guo)國家商(shang)標(biao)認證;“碧泉”牌(pai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)已(yi)獲(huo)國家A級綠色認證。
二(er).自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:西山(shan)(shan)農牧場(chang)馬鈴薯生產地域地勢(shi)較平坦,周圍無工業“三廢”污染,地凈(jing)田潔。產區(qu)地處低山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵和洪積沖(chong)積扇平原上,海(hai)拔955-1460m,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)差423m,坡降1.91%,幅度在1.71%-2%之(zhi)間,地勢(shi)是南(nan)(nan)高(gao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)低,由西南(nan)(nan)向東(dong)(dong)逐(zhu)漸傾斜。南(nan)(nan)部(bu)地區(qu)地勢(shi)開闊平坦,東(dong)(dong)西方向呈波(bo)浪狀起伏,形(xing)成槽梁相(xiang)間分布(bu)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)地形(xing)比較復雜(za),有高(gao)差幾十米(mi)的洪溝,形(xing)成丘(qiu)陵與平原地帶(dai)并(bing)沿槽子地蜿蜒向北(bei)(bei)(bei),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長25km,東(dong)(dong)西寬1.9-5.53km。該區(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)分棕(zong)鈣土(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)、沼澤土(tu)和鹽土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)中棕(zong)鈣土(tu)占92.6%,砂(sha)礫石含量(liang)較高(gao),全氮含量(liang)中等,全磷(lin)含量(liang)少(shao),鉀素(su)含量(liang)豐富(fu),適宜(yi)馬鈴薯生長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:西山農牧場馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)產區水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)來自烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木齊河(he),年(nian)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流量5453.7萬m3-7151.7萬m3。用于灌溉的除(chu)從(cong)青年(nian)渠得到分配的水(shui)(shui)(shui)量外,還(huan)由太(tai)平(ping)渠首(shou)從(cong)烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木齊河(he)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)木齊河(he)河(he)床滲(shen)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui),其(qi)次是(shi)灌溉滲(shen)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和降水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給。由于受(shou)地質構造的影響,地區之間(jian)很不(bu)平(ping)衡,地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋藏較深,水(shui)(shui)(shui)量豐富(fu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質較好的水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)在(zai)產區東(dong)部,一(yi)般在(zai)250-300m。現已打井30口。各種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工程(cheng)設施基(ji)本配套(tao),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)渠道防滲(shen)化程(cheng)度達到90%左(zuo)(zuo)右。土壤(rang)凍層厚度160㎝左(zuo)(zuo)右,凍土期長達6個月之久。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況:該區屬中溫(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸性半干(gan)旱氣(qi)(qi)候,寒暑變化劇烈,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da),冬(dong)暖夏涼(liang),光照充足(zu),熱量少(shao),蒸發大(da)(da),降(jiang)(jiang)水少(shao),春季(ji)升溫(wen)慢(man),秋季(ji)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)快,又(you)因地處(chu)達坂城風口下沿25km風區,冬(dong)季(ji)風大(da)(da)不積(ji)雪,春季(ji)風多(duo),跑商快。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量177.4㎜,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發量2221㎜,作物(wu)生(sheng)育期(qi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量138.2㎜,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)為62%,是(shi)最適(shi)宜(yi)馬(ma)鈴薯生(sheng)長(chang)的氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)。全年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數2762.7h,≥10℃年(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)2693℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)147d,年(nian)際變幅在130-176d之間(jian),能(neng)滿足(zu)農作物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)需要(yao)。 該區氣(qi)(qi)候雖然(ran)適(shi)合于一年(nian)一熟(shu)的作物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang),但自(zi)(zi)然(ran)災害多(duo)而頻繁(fan),主要(yao)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)災害有干(gan)旱、風災、洪災、和霜凍(dong),對農業生(sheng)產造成嚴重損失。
三.地域范圍
西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)農(nong)牧場馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)產區(qu)位于(yu)新疆省烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)(lu)木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)市沙區(qu),地處天山(shan)北(bei)麓、烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)(lu)木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)河(he)(he)(he)上游(you)的洪積(ji)(ji)扇(shan)斜坡(po)平(ping)原,東經87°20′37〞-87°27′13″,北(bei)緯(wei)43°31′30″-43°47′30″。東以(yi)(yi)(yi)青年渠(qu)(qu)老(lao)(lao)河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)(dao)為(wei)界(jie),西(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)八鋼公路為(wei)界(jie)和烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)(lu)木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)縣薩爾達板鄉接壤(rang),西(xi)(xi)(xi)南以(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)(lao)沙渠(qu)(qu)為(wei)界(jie)與烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)(lu)木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)縣永豐鄉為(wei)鄰,北(bei)靠牛毛湖煤礦,南以(yi)(yi)(yi)烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)(lu)木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)河(he)(he)(he)為(wei)界(jie)與板房溝(gou)鄉隔河(he)(he)(he)相(xiang)望。南北(bei)長(chang)25km,東西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬1.9-8km。有216國道(dao)(dao)、101省道(dao)(dao)貫(guan)通(tong),交(jiao)通(tong)方便距烏(wu)(wu)魯(lu)(lu)木齊(qi)(qi)(qi)25km。產區(qu)海拔(ba)955-1460m,深居歐亞大(da)陸(lu)腹地,屬(shu)山(shan)區(qu)涼冷氣候。西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)農(nong)牧場馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)地域保護范(fan)圍為(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)農(nong)牧場十一個(ge)連隊(dui)和一○四團(tuan)五個(ge)連隊(dui)。土豆(dou)種植面積(ji)(ji)1500公頃,年產土豆(dou)6萬(wan)噸左右
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
本部分內容(rong)主要表述反映登記產(chan)品特(te)有的品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征和產(chan)品質量安全方面遵(zun)循的規定,主要包括(kuo):
(1)外在感官特(te)征:薯形橢圓(yuan)形,表皮(pi)光滑,白(bai)皮(pi)白(bai)肉,芽眼淺,塊(kuai)形整齊、均勻,大中薯率高(gao),產量(liang)高(gao),品質好(hao)。
(2)內在品質指標:該區(qu)馬(ma)鈴薯淀粉含量(liang)為12%-14%。
(3)安全要求:西(xi)山(shan)農牧(mu)場馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)在生產過程中嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)NY/T1049-2006綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin) 薯(shu)芋類蔬菜產品(pin)標準(zhun)的要求進行管理。生產環(huan)境質量達(da)到NY/T391-2000產地環(huan)境條件標準(zhun);投入品(pin)嚴(yan)格執行NY/T393 綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)農藥使用準(zhun)則、NY/T394-2000 綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)肥(fei)料使用準(zhun)則。
五.特(te)定生產方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)(te)殊內容規定:西山(shan)(shan)農牧(mu)場馬鈴薯產(chan)地(di)地(di)處天山(shan)(shan)北麓烏魯木齊南郊,屬山(shan)(shan)區涼(liang)冷(leng)氣(qi)候,年(nian)無霜期(qi)147d,夏季(ji)涼(liang)爽,光照充足,加之(zhi)土壤砂(sha)礫(li)石含量較高,特(te)(te)別(bie)適應種植馬鈴薯。該(gai)(gai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)全部達(da)到綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)標準。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)特(te)(te)定要(yao)求:根據該(gai)(gai)地(di)域生態條件、長期(qi)試種和(he)綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)對(dui)品(pin)(pin)種的要(yao)求,選(xuan)(xuan)擇出優質、高產(chan)、抗(kang)病(bing)、抗(kang)逆(ni)性強、熟期(qi)適宜的優良品(pin)(pin)種,其中(zhong)紫花白(bai)和(he)費烏瑞(rui)它為主栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種。
(3)生產過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理:西山農(nong)牧(mu)場馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)嚴格(ge)按(an)(an)照(zhao)栽培(pei)技術規程(cheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,脫毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)的(de)運用(yong)達到90%以(yi)上(shang),充(chong)分發揮脫毒(du)薯(shu)(shu)的(de)優良特性(xing)與增產潛力。實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“五統(tong)一(yi)(yi)”生產,即(ji):統(tong)一(yi)(yi)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)操作(zuo)規程(cheng)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)投入(ru)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)數量(liang)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)田(tian)間管(guan)理、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)質量(liang)。特別在品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、輪作(zuo)換茬、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)、合(he)(he)(he)理密植、病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等各項(xiang)田(tian)管(guan)措施(shi)上(shang),按(an)(an)照(zhao)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)要(yao)(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)科學跟蹤(zong)管(guan)理。 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植前準(zhun)備:選(xuan)擇(ze)適宜的(de)茬口(kou)地(di)(di),進行(xing)(xing)秋灌(guan)秋翻(fan)或秋翻(fan)冬(dong)灌(guan),結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)翻(fan)地(di)(di)將全部有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)入(ru)土(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)。選(xuan)用(yong)具有本品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing),薯(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)完整、薯(shu)(shu)形整齊、薯(shu)(shu)皮幼(you)嫩的(de)健(jian)薯(shu)(shu)脫毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)進行(xing)(xing)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)要(yao)(yao)切(qie)成(cheng)立(li)塊(kuai),重量(liang)在30-50g,每(mei)(mei)塊(kuai)帶(dai)1-2個芽(ya)眼,,多帶(dai)薯(shu)(shu)肉(rou),避免切(qie)成(cheng)薄片、小(xiao)塊(kuai)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時期:當10cm地(di)(di)溫穩(wen)定通過(guo)7-10℃時,即(ji)可播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi):采(cai)(cai)用(yong)馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),深(shen)度 10-12cm,覆(fu)膜馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)深(shen)10cm。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度:早(zao)熟品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):行(xing)(xing)距60cm或25-30+55-60cm寬窄行(xing)(xing),畝(mu)(mu)保苗數5000-6000株;中(zhong)晚(wan)熟品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):株距20-25cm,行(xing)(xing)距70cm,畝(mu)(mu)保苗數3500-4000株。 中(zhong)耕培(pei)土(tu)(tu):出苗至蕾花期中(zhong)耕1-2次,中(zhong)耕深(shen)度6-12cm。初(chu)(chu)花期結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)進行(xing)(xing)培(pei)土(tu)(tu),要(yao)(yao)求達到壟(long)高(gao)25-30cm、壟(long)寬25-30cm。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)時以(yi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,人工培(pei)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)輔(fu)。 合(he)(he)(he)理施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):基肥(fei)(fei):結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)播(bo)(bo)(bo)前整地(di)(di),每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)入(ru)腐(fu)熟農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)2000kg、油渣30kg。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei):播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)溝施(shi)磷酸二銨20kg、硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)5-10 kg、商品有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)20kg作(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei):現(xian)(xian)蕾期或初(chu)(chu)花期視苗情長勢,結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)耕培(pei)土(tu)(tu),畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)尿素10-15kg、硫酸鉀(jia)(jia)5-10kg、商品有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)20-30kg。開花以(yi)后一(yi)(yi)般不再(zai)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),若后期出現(xian)(xian)脫肥(fei)(fei)早(zao)衰現(xian)(xian)象,可結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)病(bing)葉面噴施(shi)磷酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)和(he)微量(liang)元素。 合(he)(he)(he)理灌(guan)溉(gai):一(yi)(yi)般全生育期需灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)8-10次,初(chu)(chu)花期追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)后立(li)即(ji)澆塊(kuai)莖膨大水(shui)(shui),之(zhi)后每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)7-10d澆一(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui),塊(kuai)莖采(cai)(cai)挖前10-20d停水(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)應符合(he)(he)(he)NY/T391的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。 病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)腐(fu)病(bing)方法,選(xuan)用(yong)脫毒(du)無病(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu);兩把刀切(qie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu),若切(qie)刀被(環(huan)腐(fu)病(bing))污染,則(ze)必須消毒(du),可用(yong)0.1%的(de)高(gao)錳酸鉀(jia)(jia)溶液(ye)浸泡5-10分鐘,防(fang)止刀切(qie)傳病(bing)。對個別有金針蟲、地(di)(di)老虎為(wei)害(hai)的(de)地(di)(di)塊(kuai),可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)深(shen)翻(fan)地(di)(di),殺(sha)死(si)越(yue)冬(dong)成(cheng)、幼(you)蟲;每(mei)(mei)666.7㎡用(yong)50%的(de)辛硫磷乳油100-150ml和(he)3kg細(xi)沙(sha)或細(xi)土(tu)(tu)拌(ban)成(cheng)毒(du)土(tu)(tu),播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時施(shi)入(ru)土(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)。
(4)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要求:設立專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)員(yuan)負(fu)責農(nong)(nong)時(shi)(shi)操作(zuo)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu);農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和肥料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔案(an)應(ying)完整(zheng)、真實(shi),并按作(zuo)物(wu)分別記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和肥料(liao)名(ming)稱,包括通(tong)用(yong)名(ming)和商品名(ming)、登記(ji)(ji)證號、劑(ji)型、防(fang)治對(dui)象、時(shi)(shi)間、施(shi)用(yong)量、次數、安全間隔期;及時(shi)(shi)做好各(ge)類農(nong)(nong)時(shi)(shi)操作(zuo)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、產(chan)量記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)和產(chan)品銷(xiao)售記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu);記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)妥善保(bao)存兩年,以利可追溯性檢查。
(5)采收(shou)(shou)要求(qiu):根據市場行情陸(lu)續收(shou)(shou)獲上市,收(shou)(shou)獲可采用人工(gong)挖或用機(ji)械(xie)犁(li),大批量收(shou)(shou)獲應在(zai)生理成(cheng)熟后(hou),在(zai)收(shou)(shou)獲前2-3d,把薯秧全部割(ge)掉(diao)并運出田外,然后(hou)用機(ji)械(xie)犁(li),人工(gong)撿的方法(fa)收(shou)(shou)獲,為了收(shou)(shou)獲充分干凈,重復犁(li)1-2次。收(shou)(shou)獲后(hou),塊莖避免暴(bao)曬、雨淋和長(chang)時間暴(bao)露在(zai)陽光下(xia)而變綠。
六(liu).包裝標識相關規(gui)定
(1)分級:分為一級、二級2個等級。
(2)包(bao)(bao)裝:西山(shan)農牧場馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)包(bao)(bao)裝為(wei)10㎏紙箱包(bao)(bao)裝和40㎏袋裝包(bao)(bao)裝。包(bao)(bao)裝材料符(fu)合國家食品包(bao)(bao)裝衛生要(yao)求,并應符(fu)合環境保護的要(yao)求。包(bao)(bao)裝材料堅固、清潔、干燥、無任何昆蟲傳播、真(zhen)菌(jun)污染及(ji)不良氣味(wei)。
(3)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使用(yong)人應在其(qi)產品(pin)或其(qi)包裝上統(tong)一使用(yong)農(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(“西山農(nong)牧場馬(ma)鈴薯”名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖(tu)案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注型式及橢圓形“碧泉(quan)”牌綠色商標(biao)(biao)(biao)等圖(tu)案的即時貼(tie))。
(4)運(yun)(yun)輸:運(yun)(yun)輸中應防止日(ri)曬(shai)、雨淋,運(yun)(yun)輸工(gong)具必須經過清潔消毒,不應與農(nong)藥(yao)、化肥(fei)及其他(ta)化學制品等一起運(yun)(yun)輸,嚴禁與有毒、有異味(wei)的(de)物品混(hun)裝混(hun)運(yun)(yun)。應符合NY/T1056的(de)要求。
(5)貯藏(zang):選(xuan)擇(ze)重量在(zai)100g以上,無機械損傷,無蟲眼、 病、爛的(de)塊莖在(zai)地窖中貯藏(zang),貯藏(zang)溫度(du)(du)1-3℃、濕(shi)度(du)(du)85-90%。貯藏(zang)前期采用(yong)晚上通風,白天閉窖的(de)措(cuo)施,降低窖溫;后期外界溫度(du)(du)高于窖溫時(shi),目測(ce)薯皮(pi)出現濕(shi)熱現象時(shi)或窖溫高于4℃時(shi),及時(shi)通風排濕(shi)散熱。