青(qing)(qing)海(hai)是(shi)世界四大(da)凈區之一,生(sheng)長在(zai)這(zhe)里的蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou),被國(guo)際市場公(gong)認為(wei)‘世界最好的蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)’,每年(nian)近(jin)千噸(dun)青(qing)(qing)海(hai)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)被銷往全(quan)球各地。青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)大(da)通(tong)縣生(sheng)態類(lei)型復雜,年(nian)均(jun)氣溫4.7 ℃,年(nian)平均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)2 656.1 h,平均(jun)太(tai)陽(yang)輻射強,年(nian)≥0 ℃積溫為(wei)2 450 ℃,無霜(shuang)期132 d,年(nian)均(jun)降雨量為(wei)514.3 mm,6—9月為(wei)主要(yao)降雨季(ji)節,雨熱(re)同季(ji),氣候冷涼,海(hai)拔(ba)較(jiao)高,日照(zhao)充足,晝夜溫差(cha)大(da),土壤疏松富含(han)鉀,無污染,適宜(yi)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)長發育。大(da)通(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)在(zai)全(quan)縣20個鄉鎮內(nei)都(dou)有種(zhong)植,主要(yao)集中在(zai)塔爾鎮、新莊鎮、城關鎮、景陽(yang)鎮等鄉鎮。大(da)通(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)高產(chan)優質,是(shi)青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)良(liang)種(zhong)和商品蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)的主要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)區之一,大(da)通(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)豆(dou)(dou)為(wei)農產(chan)品地理標志產(chan)品。
2012年(nian)(nian),大(da)通縣示范種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)13號蠶豆,該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是早熟、高(gao)(gao)產、高(gao)(gao)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)蠶豆品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1999年(nian)(nian)由青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省農(nong)林科學院(yuan)作物所以馬牙為母本、戴韋(divine)為父本經(jing)有(you)性(xing)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)選育而成的,具有(you)早熟、高(gao)(gao)產、優質(zhi)、抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、商品(pin)性(xing)好(hao)等優點,2009年(nian)(nian)12月10日通過青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省農(nong)作物品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會審(shen)定(ding)。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株高(gao)(gao)(101.70±10.31) cm,單(dan)(dan)株粒(li)數(36.79±11.53)粒(li),單(dan)(dan)株產量(33.56±10.05) g,百粒(li)重(81.21±5.87) g,蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)含量31.19%,籽粒(li)白(bai)色,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臍白(bai)色。平均產量4 500 kg/hm2左(zuo)右(you)。青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)13號適宜(yi)在青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)(gao)寒(han)農(nong)業區(qu)或(huo)農(nong)牧交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)區(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。適于休閑食品(pin)、蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)分離加工等開發(fa)。2013年(nian)(nian),繼(ji)續擴大(da)了青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)13號蠶豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji),對(dui)大(da)通縣優化品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結構,推動蠶豆品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的區(qu)域布局,促進大(da)通蠶豆產業持續發(fa)展具有(you)重要(yao)意(yi)義。
大通蠶(can)豆(dou)品質特性特征
1、大通(tong)蠶豆外在(zai)感官特征:
1.1大通蠶豆(dou)籽粒皮薄,煮飪品質(zhi)好,利于加工芽豆(dou),適(shi)宜干(gan)炒、膨化、油炸。
1.2大(da)通蠶豆籽粒大(da)且飽(bao)滿均勻,皮色(se)光亮(liang),變色(se)慢,耐貯藏,商品率高。
1.3大通蠶(can)豆籽粒無蠶(can)豆象(xiang)危(wei)害,無水銹斑,是各(ge)類休閑食品、調(diao)味品的理想(xiang)生(sheng)產原料。
2、內在品質:≥檢測結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明(ming):大通蠶(can)豆(dou)蛋白質含量為≥20%、多糖≥0.5%、鈣≥950mg/kg,均(jun)高(gao)于(yu)蠶(can)豆(dou)規范值(zhi),營養豐富(fu)。