一.產品介紹
湟(huang)中蠶豆(dou)的地域保護(hu)范圍為青海省湟(huang)中縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)。東經101°09′32″至(zhi)101°54′50″,北(bei)緯36°13′32″至(zhi)37°03′19″,東臨西寧市;南接貴(gui)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian);西連(lian)湟(huang)源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian);北(bei)與大(da)通縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤(rang)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南北(bei)長91公(gong)里(li),東西寬(kuan)68公(gong)里(li),幅(fu)員面積約3000平方公(gong)里(li)。湟(huang)中蠶豆(dou)種植主(zhu)要(yao)集中在(zai)攔隆口、多巴(ba)、李家(jia)山、海子溝、上(shang)五(wu)莊、共(gong)和、甘(gan)河(he)灘、漢(han)東、大(da)才(cai)、魯(lu)沙爾、西堡、田家(jia)寨、土門關、上(shang)新莊、群加(jia)等鄉(xiang)鎮。是我(wo)省主(zhu)要(yao)蠶豆(dou)生產(chan)區之一。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:湟(huang)(huang)(huang)中縣(xian)地(di)(di)處(chu)我(wo)國西北(bei)(bei)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原-青藏(zang)(zang)高(gao)原過渡地(di)(di)帶,其地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌兼具(ju)二者特色。境內三面環(huan)山(shan),祁連山(shan)余脈-娘娘山(shan)群(qun)雄居(ju)其北(bei)(bei),垃脊山(shan)脈綿橫(heng)西、南兩(liang)名面。黃(huang)河上游(you)支流-湟(huang)(huang)(huang)水(shui)由西向(xiang)東橫(heng)穿縣(xian)境中部,兩(liang)側形(xing)成多級(ji)河谷(gu)階地(di)(di)。全(quan)縣(xian)境內溝谷(gu)錯縱,山(shan)川相間,地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌比較復雜。山(shan)區丘(qiu)陵面積(ji)(ji)占全(quan)縣(xian)89.9%。整個地(di)(di)勢由東南向(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)逐漸抬升,海(hai)拔2225-4488米,最(zui)低點(dian)是(shi)田家寨(zhai)鄉謝家村,最(zui)高(gao)點(dian)是(shi)群(qun)加藏(zang)(zang)族鄉的果石(shi)摘山(shan)峰,相對總高(gao)差2263米,局部高(gao)差常為200-700米。水(shui)平和(he)垂直方向(xiang)的變化十分(fen)顯(xian)著。縣(xian)境內的土(tu)(tu)壤主(zhu)要是(shi):黑(hei)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)、粟鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)、沖積(ji)(ji)灌淤土(tu)(tu)和(he)耕作(zuo)北(bei)(bei)方紅土(tu)(tu)等類型。土(tu)(tu)壤保肥性(xing)、供肥性(xing)適耕性(xing)較好(hao),適宜湟(huang)(huang)(huang)中蠶豆的生長(chang)發(fa)育。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:湟(huang)中縣地處內陸,一般來說是降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)不足。但由于(yu)拉脊(ji)山脈和娘娘山群在縣境西(xi)、北兩(liang)面形(xing)(xing)成人字形(xing)(xing)屏障(zhang),對東南季風(feng)對降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條件(jian)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao),境內絕(jue)大(da)部分地區平均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量都大(da)于(yu)400毫米;由于(yu)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條件(jian)相對較(jiao)好(hao)(hao),加之(zhi)“環山匯水(shui)(shui)(shui)”的有利(li)地形(xing)(xing),水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源比(bi)較(jiao)豐富(fu),而且水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源無污(wu)染(ran),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良(liang),礦化度較(jiao)低。全(quan)縣十三條水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量4.2億立方米。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:我縣屬(shu)高(gao)原大陸性(xing)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候。其特(te)點(dian)是:日照(zhao)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)長(chang)(chang),大氣(qi)(qi)透明(ming)(ming)度(du)(du)高(gao),太陽(yang)輻射(she)強(qiang),光能資源豐富(fu);冬(dong)季(ji)漫長(chang)(chang),夏季(ji)涼爽,四季(ji)不明(ming)(ming)顯;氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日較(jiao)(jiao)差大,年(nian)(nian)(nian)較(jiao)(jiao)差小(xiao)。該地區(qu)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數2588.3小(xiao)時(shi),日照(zhao)百(bai)分(fen)率59%,總輻射(she)量(liang)142.14千卡/平(ping)方厘米(mi);年(nian)(nian)(nian)極端(duan)(duan)最高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)32度(du)(du),且時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短(duan),極端(duan)(duan)最低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)-31.7度(du)(du),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2.8度(du)(du),最熱月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)14.2度(du)(du),最冷月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-10.9度(du)(du);無霜期(qi)110—140天,≥0℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)900—2578℃,≥5℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)700—2158℃;年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)527.6毫米(mi),5—9月降水(shui)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),冬(dong)春兩季(ji)降水(shui)量(liang)僅占年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)的23%左右(you)。生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(0—2℃)85—220天,熱量(liang)可滿足一季(ji)作(zuo)物需求,在海拔2500米(mi)以下川水(shui)地帶(dai),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)≥4℃,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)超過220天,由于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)候冷涼,日較(jiao)(jiao)差大,有利(li)于(yu)蠶豆(dou)干物質(zhi)的積(ji)累。
三.地域范圍
湟中(zhong)蠶(can)豆的地域保護范圍為青海省(sheng)湟中(zhong)縣(xian)境內。東(dong)經101°09′32″至101°54′50″,北(bei)(bei)緯36°13′32″至37°03′19″,東(dong)臨西寧市;南(nan)接(jie)貴德縣(xian);西連湟源縣(xian);北(bei)(bei)與(yu)大通縣(xian)接(jie)壤。全(quan)縣(xian)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長91公(gong)里,東(dong)西寬68公(gong)里,幅員面積(ji)約3000平方公(gong)里。湟中(zhong)蠶(can)豆種植主要(yao)集中(zhong)在攔隆口、多巴、李家(jia)山、海子(zi)溝、上五莊、共和、甘河灘、漢(han)東(dong)、大才、魯沙爾、西堡(bao)、田家(jia)寨、土門關、上新莊、群加等鄉鎮。是我(wo)省(sheng)主要(yao)蠶(can)豆生(sheng)產區之一(yi)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)在(zai)感官(guan)特(te)征:應(ying)符(fu)如下的規定:種皮表面(mian)(mian)乳(ru)白色,光滑,有(you)光澤(ze),兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)凹陷;種臍位(wei)于(yu)較大端,褐色或黑(hei)褐色。質堅硬(ying),內(nei)有(you)子葉2枚,肥厚,黃色。
2、內(nei)在(zai)品質指標(biao)(檢測數據):應符合(he)表1(略)的規定。
3、安(an)全要求(qiu):應符(fu)合表2(略)的規(gui)定。