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一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置氣(qi)(qi)候：靈武市深居(ju)內(nei)陸(lu)腹地，位于寧夏(xia)平原中部，北緯(wei)38°，海(hai)拔(ba)1250米(mi)。是盛產優(you)質水(shui)果的“黃金緯(wei)度”。屬(shu)于典型的大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)(qi)候，其(qi)特點為：春遲(chi)秋早，四季分明、日照(zhao)充足、熱量豐富(fu)、蒸發強烈、氣(qi)(qi)候干燥、晴(qing)天(tian)多、雨雷少，全年日照(zhao)時(shi)數3080.2小時(shi)，平均(jun)無霜期157天(tian)，植(zhi)物生長(chang)期持續170天(tian)，年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫8.8℃，年均(jun)降水(shui)量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)(shui)文：靈武(wu)長(chang)棗種植區(qu)地(di)貌可分為西部引(yin)黃灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)平原區(qu)和東部毛(mao)烏素沙(sha)(sha)地(di)丘(qiu)陵區(qu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙(sha)(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)或易耕荒地(di)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)偏沙(sha)(sha)，通透(tou)性和耕性較好(hao)。pH值7.5～8.5，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)位1.5m以下(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)全鹽(yan)含(han)量低于1.0‰，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量中(zhong)等。靈武(wu)市得天(tian)獨(du)厚的自(zi)然條件(jian)與引(yin)黃河水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)便利(li)條件(jian)造就了靈武(wu)長(chang)棗獨(du)一無二的地(di)方(fang)特有(you)品質(zhi)(zhi)。

二.地域范圍

靈武長棗(zao)農(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)地域(yu)(yu)保護(hu)范圍為：靈武市現(xian)轄行政區域(yu)(yu)，包括臨河鎮、東(dong)塔鎮、郝(hao)家(jia)橋鎮、崇興鎮、馬家(jia)灘鎮、梧桐樹鄉(xiang)、白土崗鄉(xiang)，靈武園藝(yi)試驗場(chang)、大泉林場(chang)、北(bei)沙窩林場(chang)、白芨灘林場(chang)、靈武農(nong)場(chang)。地處東(dong)徑106°11′～105°52′，北(bei)緯37°35′～38°21′之(zhi)間，南(nan)北(bei)長98公(gong)(gong)里，東(dong)西寬54公(gong)(gong)里，市域(yu)(yu)總面(mian)積4010平方千米，種植面(mian)積9467公(gong)(gong)頃，年產(chan)量16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在感官特征：靈武長棗為鮮食品(pin)種，果(guo)(guo)實呈長橢圓(yuan)形或圓(yuan)柱形、略扁，梗洼深廣，果(guo)(guo)肩平整；果(guo)(guo)皮紫紅(hong)色，完熟果(guo)(guo)面帶紫斑；果(guo)(guo)皮薄，果(guo)(guo)肉綠白色，質(zhi)地質(zhi)密(mi)酥脆，汁液多，酸甜(tian)適口。縱徑(jing)(jing)平均(jun)在4cm左右，最大(da)達6cm，橫徑(jing)(jing)（寬面）2.5cm左右，平均(jun)單果(guo)(guo)重12g左右。

2、衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)指標：靈武長(chang)棗(zao)果實衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)指標應符合GB14891.5-1997《輻照(zhao)新鮮水果、蔬菜類衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)標準(zhun)》中3.4的(de)規定。

3、檢驗規則：按DB64/T419《鮮(xian)靈(ling)武(wu)長棗》執行。

四.特定生產方式

1、產地(di)(di)選擇與(yu)特(te)殊內(nei)容規定：生產地(di)(di)域(yu)內(nei)無工(gong)業和(he)城(cheng)市污染源，種植(zhi)區(qu)選擇離工(gong)礦區(qu)和(he)公路(lu)鐵路(lu)干線，生態條件(jian)良(liang)好的地(di)(di)區(qu)。土(tu)質(zhi)以壤(rang)土(tu)、沙壤(rang)土(tu)、礫質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)、沙土(tu)為(wei)主，要求(qiu)土(tu)層深厚，灌、排水條件(jian)良(liang)好。

2、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇與特定要求(qiu)：選用優(you)(you)質、高產、抗(kang)病(bing)、抗(kang)逆(ni)性強、商品(pin)(pin)性好、本地長(chang)期種(zhong)植的靈(ling)武長(chang)棗1號、2號優(you)(you)系品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。

3、栽培管理：

①苗(miao)木(mu)：采用(yong)根蘗苗(miao)和嫁(jia)接苗(miao)，育苗(miao)按DB64/T417《靈武長(chang)棗苗(miao)木(mu)繁育技術規(gui)程(cheng)》執行。

②建園：選擇土層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)、土壤肥沃(wo)，排灌、交(jiao)通條件便(bian)利的地(di)塊。以地(di)下水位1.5m以下、熟(shu)土層(ceng)30cm以上、PH值7.5～8.5，有機質含(han)量較高的沙壤土或(huo)輕壤土為宜。

③栽植(zhi)(zhi)：南北(bei)行(xing)向(xiang)種植(zhi)(zhi)，株行(xing)距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)每公頃825株～1650株。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前一年(nian)大(da)穴培(pei)肥(fei)，樹(shu)(shu)穴長(chang)、寬(kuan)、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株施腐熟農家肥(fei)25kg加(jia)磷(lin)酸二銨或復合肥(fei)0.5kg。定(ding)(ding)干50cm～70cm，漆封(feng)剪口，樹(shu)(shu)盤覆(fu)膜。大(da)田種植(zhi)(zhi)按(an)(an)DB64/T418《靈武(wu)長(chang)棗栽培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規程》執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，設施種植(zhi)(zhi)按(an)(an)DB64/T530《靈武(wu)長(chang)棗日光(guang)溫室促成栽培(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規程》執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。

④整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：采(cai)用紡(fang)錘形(xing)(xing)樹形(xing)(xing)。春季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時間(jian)(jian)：3月(yue)至4月(yue)上旬。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)：短(duan)截(jie)、疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻芽(ya)(ya)。夏季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時間(jian)(jian)：整個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)：抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)按DB/T418《靈武長(chang)(chang)(chang)棗(zao)栽培(pei)(pei)技術(shu)規程》執行。定(ding)植(zhi)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：8月(yue)之前(qian)，30cm以(yi)(yi)上新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)棗(zao)頭全(quan)部摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)。幼(you)樹修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)迅速擴冠為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強調扶(fu)壯中心(xin)(xin)干(gan)。選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)強壯的(de)中桿，保證中桿的(de)絕對優勢(shi)(shi)，在其(qi)40cm以(yi)(yi)上培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)取(qu)(qu)短(duan)截(jie)二(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節(jie)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔之抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)(ge)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺(luo)旋排(pai)(pai)列，每主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性二(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度根據(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)做(zuo)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。底層(ceng)(ceng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)臨時性枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)，后期(qi)隨著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量增(zeng)加，逐(zhu)步清(qing)除(chu)底層(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)短(duan)截(jie)、抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)、開(kai)(kai)角為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開(kai)(kai)角：以(yi)(yi)春、秋拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結(jie)(jie)合夏季(ji)拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角度70°～90°；摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)：根據(ju)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)(shi)決定(ding)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度，旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱短(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條木(mu)質(zhi)化前(qian)結(jie)(jie)束摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，一(yi)般留(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性二(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)。初果(guo)期(qi)樹修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)調整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)、增(zeng)加產量為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對未達(da)到主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量要(yao)求的(de)，繼續培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完成整形(xing)(xing)的(de)，逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)疏除(chu)過密或(huo)過低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)截(jie)二(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)輔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度在1.2m～1.9m，上部主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性二(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成功，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)完成整形(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、開(kai)(kai)角為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛(sheng)果(guo)期(qi)樹修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上）：修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)老化枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優化結(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。徹底清(qing)除(chu)底層(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)調整到80cm以(yi)(yi)上，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)完成老枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，之后每年(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)調整到20cm以(yi)(yi)上，也可分層(ceng)(ceng)排(pai)(pai)布，層(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，樹高(gao)2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)及要(yao)點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，一(yi)是(shi)對枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)上質(zhi)量較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)，如位(wei)置偏(pian)高(gao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢(shi)(shi)過旺(wang)、角度小(xiao)而不(bu)宜開(kai)(kai)張、二(er)次枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯多次抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)留(liu)(liu)(liu)樁等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)取(qu)(qu)一(yi)次性疏除(chu)或(huo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)樁更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)；二(er)是(shi)對5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)上質(zhi)量較(jiao)好的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采(cai)取(qu)(qu)基部留(liu)(liu)(liu)預備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方(fang)式進行逐(zhu)步更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)；三是(shi)利用棗(zao)樹春季(ji)前(qian)期(qi)抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)，選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)棗(zao)頭，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水管理：均衡(heng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，前促后(hou)控。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季(ji)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收后(hou)至灌冬水前，以農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，混加(jia)少量(liang)的(de)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)每666.7平方米施(shi)(shi)(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位(wei)在(zai)(zai)樹冠投影外(wai)20cm左右處。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)挖(wa)條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)或環狀溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼(you)(you)齡樹環狀溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，成齡樹條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深40cm～50cm，寬40cm，長(chang)隨樹冠冠幅。將腐熟的(de)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或商(shang)品(pin)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽土拌勻(yun)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)內，填平。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每年(nian)2次(ci)，第(di)一次(ci)在(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)至開(kai)花(hua)前，以氮(dan)(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)；第(di)二次(ci)在(zai)(zai)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)，以磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)以當地的(de)土壤條(tiao)件(jian)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點確定。株施(shi)(shi)(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法是在(zai)(zai)樹冠投影外(wai)圍(wei)挖(wa)穴或開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼(you)(you)樹挖(wa)穴，3～4個，結果(guo)樹開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深10cm～20cm，寬20cm，長(chang)度(du)隨樹冠冠幅。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻(yun)撒(sa)入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)（穴）埋土，灌水。葉面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：全年(nian)4～5次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)生長(chang)前期(qi)2次(ci)，以氮(dan)(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)；后(hou)期(qi)2～3次(ci)，以磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。常(chang)用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料及濃度(du)：尿素0.3%～0.5%，磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)0.2%～0.3%，硼砂0.1%～0.3%，沼(zhao)液(ye)等(deng)。最(zui)后(hou)一次(ci)頁面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)距果(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收期(qi)20天(tian)以上。灌水：一般在(zai)(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)前、花(hua)前、幼(you)(you)果(guo)膨大期(qi)、封凍(dong)前各灌水一次(ci)，其(qi)它，根據墑情確定灌水次(ci)數。提(ti)倡采(cai)用滴灌、小管出流(liu)等(deng)節水灌溉措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

⑥花果管理：按(an)DB64/T418《靈武(wu)長棗栽(zai)培技(ji)術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行。盛花期噴布(bu)赤霉素控制(zhi)在2次(ci)以內(nei)。

⑦病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：實施(shi)(shi)無公害、綠色(se)病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)控技術，堅持“預防(fang)(fang)為主，綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)原則，綜(zong)合運用(yong)各種防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)，優先(xian)采用(yong)農(nong)業(ye)措施(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方法，配(pei)合施(shi)(shi)用(yong)高效、低毒、低殘(can)留的(de)化(hua)學農(nong)藥，在(zai)(zai)化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)上抓棗樹休(xiu)眠期、蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)初期、蟲(chong)體裸露期、轉移為害期的(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)大(da)發生(sheng)前(qian)3～5d提(ti)前(qian)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)一天中(zhong)盡量(liang)選擇(ze)上午10h前(qian)和下(xia)午4h后噴藥。具體防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)按DB64/T531《靈武(wu)長棗主要(yao)有(you)害生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)控技術規(gui)程(cheng)》執行。

4、產品收(shou)(shou)獲及產后處理的(de)規(gui)定：在(zai)農(nong)藥安全間隔期(qi)后適時(shi)，采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，采(cai)收(shou)(shou)所用工具(ju)要(yao)清潔、衛(wei)生、無污(wu)染(ran)。①果(guo)(guo)實采(cai)收(shou)(shou)：靈武長(chang)棗在(zai)脆(cui)熟期(qi)中后期(qi)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)間9月下旬(xun)至10月上(shang)旬(xun)。鮮果(guo)(guo)貯藏1月以上(shang)，果(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)著色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，鮮食(shi)棗果(guo)(guo)全紅果(guo)(guo)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)要(yao)戴柔質手套，采(cai)果(guo)(guo)的(de)盛具(ju)表面(mian)(mian)要(yao)柔軟。采(cai)摘(zhai)時(shi)輕摘(zhai)輕放，防止(zhi)一切人為或機械傷害，保證果(guo)(guo)實完整無損傷。用于(yu)較長(chang)時(shi)間貯藏棗果(guo)(guo)，帶果(guo)(guo)柄采(cai)摘(zhai)。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)裝：內包(bao)裝用(yong)符(fu)合(he)食品衛生要(yao)求(qiu)的材料，與靈武長棗(zao)接(jie)觸不易產生摩擦傷(shang)。外包(bao)裝用(yong)紙箱裝，包(bao)裝定(ding)量誤(wu)差(cha)應符(fu)合(he)國家質量技術監督檢驗總局(ju)令（2005）第75號。

2、運(yun)(yun)輸：長途運(yun)(yun)輸應采用冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)車(che)或冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱運(yun)(yun)輸，不得與有(you)毒(du)有(you)害及有(you)異味的物品一起運(yun)(yun)輸。搬運(yun)(yun)時應輕(qing)拿(na)輕(qing)放，不得拋摔。

3、貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)：貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)時(shi)應(ying)采用冷藏或(huo)氣調貯(zhu)藏。不得與(yu)有毒有害(hai)及有異味的物品(pin)共同(tong)存(cun)(cun)放。產(chan)品(pin)堆放應(ying)離地(di)面20cm以(yi)上，離墻(qiang)10cm以(yi)上。具體(ti)按DB64/T419—2005《鮮(xian)靈武長棗》執行。