關中(zhong)黑豬顧(gu)名思義,因其產地(di)在陜(shan)西省(sheng)關中(zhong)平原(yuan)(yuan)而得名,是(shi)我國早期培育成功的肉脂兼(jian)用(yong)型(xing)優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)之一,主要(yao)分布(bu)在陜(shan)西關中(zhong)平原(yuan)(yuan)的咸陽、興平、周至、武功、楊(yang)凌(ling)等(deng)地(di)區 。是(shi)我國著名的肉豬品(pin)種(zhong),并且獲得農業部首批(pi)地(di)理標志產品(pin)。
品種培育
關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)陜西(xi)省關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地方優(you)良的(de)培(pei)育(yu)品種(zhong),在上個世紀六十年代(dai)(dai)的(de)初期,專家們對甘肅省涇川縣的(de)八眉黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、四(si)(si)川省的(de)內江黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與巴克夏黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),進行(xing)了(le)一(yi)系列的(de)二元(yuan)和三元(yuan)雜交,再(zai)后來通過西(xi)北良種(zhong)研(yan)究(jiu)領(ling)導課題(ti)組,經過二十余年的(de)精心培(pei)育(yu)選種(zhong)而育(yu)成(cheng),在上世紀的(de)八十年代(dai)(dai)時,才完成(cheng)了(le)品種(zhong)的(de)鑒(jian)定工作,一(yi)九(jiu)八四(si)(si)年獲得了(le)農業部首(shou)批地理標志培(pei)育(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品種(zhong),培(pei)育(yu)成(cheng)果飽含(han)著(zhu)幾代(dai)(dai)養豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)育(yu)種(zhong)科研(yan)工作者的(de)心血,關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)也(ye)是(shi)我(wo)國在早期豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品種(zhong)培(pei)育(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)工作中(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功的(de)肉脂兼用(yong)型之一(yi)。現(xian)在關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)養殖,主要分(fen)布在陜西(xi)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地區,甘肅、寧夏、青海等地區也(ye)有少量的(de)分(fen)布。
在(zai)關(guan)中黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)培(pei)育(yu)前(qian),品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)(bei)當(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)所(suo)青(qing)睞(lai),此(ci)(ci)時(shi),關(guan)中黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu)工(gong)(gong)作被(bei)(bei)提出,但是當(dang)時(shi)要培(pei)育(yu)關(guan)中黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),必(bi)須要有一定(ding)(ding)(ding)數(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun),故開始時(shi)只能(neng)把群(qun)(qun)眾聚集起來,給(gei)他們制定(ding)(ding)(ding)大體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)。但是,由于在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同地(di)(di)區(qu)飼養著不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作者只能(neng)根據(ju)當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)情況(kuang),制定(ding)(ding)(ding)各(ge)個(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)。在(zai)陜(shan)西省北部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)五個(ge)縣,育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方案是加強基(ji)礎選(xuan)育(yu),進(jin)行經濟雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),加強對涇川(chuan)縣八眉黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)行選(xuan)育(yu)工(gong)(gong)作,與此(ci)(ci)同時(shi)引進(jin)四川(chuan)省的(de)(de)(de)(de)內江豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和巴克夏豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與八眉豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開展(zhan)經濟雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),以此(ci)(ci)當(dang)作關(guan)中黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)培(pei)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)期過(guo)渡。隨著雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)選(xuan)育(yu)和育(yu)成雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷進(jin)行,在(zai)陜(shan)西南(nan)部(bu)九個(ge)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu),擁有了較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)良豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作者對育(yu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)(za)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)行了系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu),最后培(pei)育(yu)出了具有地(di)(di)理標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)中黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 。
品種特性
外貌特征
全身背(bei)毛顏色(se)黑色(se),膚色(se)白色(se);體(ti)型(xing)較(jiao)大(da),體(ti)質(zhi)結實緊湊(cou);體(ti)型(xing)較(jiao)長(chang),背(bei)腰平直;四肢較(jiao)長(chang),端正、系(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)長(chang);腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)緊湊(cou),腹(fu)線(xian)平直;頭中等大(da)小(xiao),面側微凹,額(e)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有縱(zong)紋;嘴長(chang)短適中,耳小(xiao)且向前或向外平伸;尾巴粗、尾根高(gao) 。
繁殖性能
關中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般在 3 月(yue)齡(ling)時初(chu)(chu)(chu)次(ci)發情,關中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般在 7 月(yue)齡(ling)左(zuo)右(you)可進行初(chu)(chu)(chu)配,關中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般在 6~7 月(yue)齡(ling)初(chu)(chu)(chu)配,關中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)初(chu)(chu)(chu)配體重(zhong)(zhong)分別需達到 80kg 和 70kg 以上(shang),母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般利用(yong) 5 年左(zuo)右(you)淘(tao)汰;關中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)產(chan)仔數平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei) 12.5 頭(tou),窩產(chan)活仔數平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei) 11.5 頭(tou),平均(jun)(jun)(jun)初(chu)(chu)(chu)生(sheng)窩重(zhong)(zhong) 17.7kg,初(chu)(chu)(chu)生(sheng)體重(zhong)(zhong)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)1.4kg,斷(duan)奶仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)成活率為(wei) 95.75%,30d 斷(duan)奶重(zhong)(zhong)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei) 8.7kg,斷(duan)奶窩重(zhong)(zhong)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)96.4kg 。