歷史淵源
山西(xi)省(sheng)晉城(cheng)市澤(ze)州縣巴公(gong)(gong)鎮的“巴公(gong)(gong)大(da)蔥”是山西(xi)省(sheng)早期四(si)大(da)著名(ming)(ming)土(tu)特產(chan)之(zhi)一(yi),有著悠久的歷(li)史。相傳慈(ci)禧(xi)太后(hou)西(xi)逃時(shi)路經(jing)晉城(cheng),當(dang)地官員設宴款待,上菜時(shi)發現少(shao)了一(yi)道(dao)菜,急(ji)的人們(men)滿頭冒汗(han),廚(chu)師臨時(shi)急(ji)中生智用大(da)蔥及肉(rou)絲燒(shao)了一(yi)道(dao)菜,取(qu)名(ming)(ming)燒(shao)大(da)萄,慈(ci)禧(xi)吃后(hou)連(lian)連(lian)夸獎,這道(dao)菜便流傳了下來。巴公(gong)(gong)大(da)蔥即被賦予了傳奇色彩,并(bing)成為了傳統(tong)的種植農產(chan)品(pin)。
產地環境
巴公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)主栽區為(wei)澤(ze)州(zhou)縣(xian)巴公(gong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)、下村鄉(xiang)等鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。巴公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)之所以品質(zhi)優良,主要是由于(yu)自然條件(jian)適(shi)宜,栽培技術獨特。如種巴公(gong)大(da)蔥(cong)最出名的(de)坡頭村,地處嶺崗,屬紅粘土壤(rang),空氣(qi)干燥,適(shi)應大(da)蔥(cong)喜涼(liang)爽的(de)生長習性(xing),極宜種植。
種植技術
巴公大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)其種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術,主要包括精(jing)心(xin)選種(zhong)(zhong)、實時(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培、認真管理(li)3條(tiao)。選種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)秋(qiu)后(hou)收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)時(shi)在(zai)地里單株(zhu)選擇。標準是(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)健壯,管葉蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)綠,蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)白(bai)肥(fei)大(da),組(zu)織充實,外皮白(bai)色,符合巴公大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)桿粗、長相、疙瘩等典(dian)型形狀。選好(hao)的(de)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)精(jing)心(xin)保(bao)存,土地解凍(dong)后(hou)將(jiang)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)種(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)下,五六(liu)月收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)籽(zi)(zi)。種(zhong)(zhong)子只采收中(zhong)間一枝,不才(cai)周圍分枝,以保(bao)證籽(zi)(zi)粒飽滿、壯實。播種(zhong)(zhong)、壓秧都必須適(shi)時(shi)。在(zai)巴公鎮,白(bai)露種(zhong)(zhong)麥(mai)是(shi)同時(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)籽(zi)(zi),來年農歷(li)五月再壓蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)秧,大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)就長不好(hao)。所謂“五月蔥(cong)(cong)(cong),空疙筒(tong)”就是(shi)群眾的(de)實踐經驗。
精心(xin)管理是巴公蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)出(chu)名的關鍵環節(jie)。春天小蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)返青時要(yao)施(shi)肥、澆水(shui)。壓蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)定(ding)植(zhi)時要(yao)多施(shi)土雜肥并剪掉部(bu)分蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)葉和須根(gen)以加速(su)成活(huo)。因(yin)為大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)的食用主要(yao)是蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)白莖(jing),所以巴公蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)主要(yao)在培植(zhi)的白莖(jing)上(shang)下(xia)工夫。夏秋時間,每下(xia)一場雨,群眾都要(yao)及時施(shi)一次(ci)肥,培一次(ci)土,保(bao)證充足的水(shui)、肥土條件,使大(da)蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)的白莖(jing)長得長、粗(cu)實、不分瓣。一直到(dao)“寒露”收蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)時,蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)仍然不塌架,蔥(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)葉不黃苗,增產效果十分明顯。
品質特點
“巴公(gong)大蔥”是巴公(gong)鎮(zhen)的(de)一(yi)種地(di)產名產,據(ju)傳用(yong)其燒(shao)制的(de)小(xiao)菜曾受到慈禧太(tai)后的(de)贊賞(shang)。“巴公(gong)大蔥”是巴公(gong)鎮(zhen)廣大農(nong)民(min)長期選育的(de)品種獨特的(de)地(di)方品種,植株(zhu)高(gao)、白(bai)頸(jing)長、根頸(jing)肥、產量高(gao)。其主要(yao)特點是個大、味濃、崩花多、耐貯存(cun)。
個大。這種蔥每株(zhu)重300--500克左右(you),收獲(huo)時株(zhu)高近(jin)1米(mi),蔥白(bai)60公分(fen),頭(tou)部的根(gen)莖(jing)有(you)拳(quan)頭(tou)大,人稱“扁擔蔥”或(huo)“拳(quan)頭(tou)蔥”
味(wei)濃(nong)(nong)。巴公大蔥(cong)(cong)所(suo)含的營(ying)養成份(fen)和(he)殺菌辣素(su)均比一般的蔥(cong)(cong)比例(li)高,香(xiang)味(wei)、辣味(wei)都(dou)很濃(nong)(nong)烈。燒制(zhi)的大蔥(cong)(cong)香(xiang)味(wei)特別濃(nong)(nong)郁。因此,其(qi)食用和(he)藥用價值(zhi)較高,為(wei)蔥(cong)(cong)中之冠(guan)。
崩(beng)花多。其他地方的蔥用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)切不易碎,即使先用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)面一(yi)(yi)(yi)拍(pai),切后也難免(mian)出(chu)現塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)。把一(yi)(yi)(yi)株巴公大(da)蔥放在(zai)案上,只須(xu)用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)面一(yi)(yi)(yi)拍(pai),層層鱗莖便自動崩(beng)開,小片蔥白似滿案飛花,用(yong)其烹、炒、調、炸(zha)時(shi)搶火候效果好味道美。
耐貯存。蔥(cong)白肉厚(hou)心實(shi),組織(zhi)結構嚴密。單株獨莖(jing)不分辨(bian)。收獲3天后(hou)蔥(cong)葉方才漸漸由(you)綠變黃。葉干后(hou)放(fang)于陰(yin)涼干燥處保存一冬一春,蔥(cong)白僅干外(wai)表一層皮,其蔥(cong)不腐爛(lan)、不干枯、不跑味(wei)。
生產情況
巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)大(da)(da)蔥的真正種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di)(di)是巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)鎮的坡(po)頭(tou)村。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)大(da)(da)蔥在歷史上種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積曾達2000多畝,總(zong)產量200多公(gong)斤,每年外(wai)銷(xiao)60萬公(gong)斤。20世(shi)紀80年代后(hou)期,巴(ba)(ba)(ba)公(gong)大(da)(da)萄(tao)一度受(shou)煤炭經濟的影(ying)響使得(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積銳減。 在20世(shi)紀90年代,澤(ze)州蔥通過建立大(da)(da)蔥基(ji)地(di)(di),發(fa)展種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),運銷(xiao)河南、山東(dong)、河北、陜西等地(di)(di),受(shou)到省內外(wai)客商的贊譽。
從(cong)2000年(nian)開始,巴公(gong)(gong)鎮(zhen)黨委(wei)、政(zheng)(zheng)府為了(le)保護這一傳(chuan)統品(pin)(pin)種,在全鎮(zhen)范圍內(nei)重新(xin)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)巴公(gong)(gong)大蔥(cong)種植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye),鎮(zhen)政(zheng)(zheng)府相繼出臺(tai)優(you)惠政(zheng)(zheng)策,為種植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)村(cun)和戶給(gei)予(yu)(yu)資金補貼等。巴公(gong)(gong)一村(cun)、莊頭村(cun)、郭莊村(cun)等有條(tiao)件的(de)村(cun),紛(fen)紛(fen)響(xiang)應(ying),開發(fa)(fa)(fa)種植(zhi)(zhi)該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),巴公(gong)(gong)一村(cun)還(huan)成立了(le)雙豐(feng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)有限公(gong)(gong)司,該公(gong)(gong)司專門設立了(le)雙豐(feng)園農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)種植(zhi)(zhi)合(he)作社,合(he)作社通過選(xuan)育傳(chuan)統的(de)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種、合(he)理(li)種植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式,還(huan)延長(chang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈條(tiao),積極(ji)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)大蔥(cong)深(shen)加工項目(mu),投資1200萬元,新(xin)上(shang)了(le)大蔥(cong)低(di)溫凍(dong)干(gan)脫水生產(chan)(chan)線,并嚴格按(an)照(zhao)無公(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)規程進行種植(zhi)(zhi)和操作。先后(hou)被山(shan)西名牌農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)評選(xuan)認定委(wei)員會認定為“山(shan)西名牌農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”,被山(shan)西省工商行政(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)理(li)局(ju)授(shou)予(yu)(yu)“著名商標”。