產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)蟒(mang)(mang)河(he)為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地之(zhi)一,因栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)歷(li)史悠久,具(ju)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)最適(shi)宜(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)和種植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)豐富經(jing)驗。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)陽城(cheng)(cheng),太(tai)行(xing)深處,有千年(nian)(nian)古(gu)樹(shu),人稱(cheng)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)王”枝葉繁茂,果(guo)實累(lei)累(lei),雖歷(li)千年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)變,猶見無限(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省陽城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地之(zhi)一,因栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)歷(li)史悠久,榮(rong)獲“中國(guo)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)示范縣(xian)”的(de)美譽,尤其(qi)是國(guo)家(jia)自然保護區(qu)——蟒(mang)(mang)河(he)地區(qu),為陽城(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)發源地,具(ju)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)最適(shi)宜(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)和種植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)豐富經(jing)驗。據史料記(ji)載,漢代(dai)(dai)以(yi)前該(gai)地區(qu)就有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資源,現在仍有許(xu)多明(ming)代(dai)(dai)所(suo)植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)樹(shu),其(qi)中蟒(mang)(mang)河(he)村內的(de)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)王”經(jing)專家(jia)鑒(jian)定已有400多年(nian)(nian)的(de)樹(shu)齡,為明(ming)代(dai)(dai)所(suo)栽(zai)(zai),目(mu)前仍郁郁蔥蔥,果(guo)實累(lei)累(lei),年(nian)(nian)平均掛果(guo)150——200公斤。陽城(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)榮(rong)獲中華人名共和國(guo)農產品(pin)地理標志保護產品(pin)。
形態特征(zheng)
陽城山茱萸樹皮(pi)褐色(se),片(pian)狀剝落,小(xiao)(xiao)枝四凌,干(gan)瘦(shou)枝散,一般高約2-10米左(zuo)(zuo)右。花(hua)簇(cu)生于小(xiao)(xiao)枝頂(ding)端,先(xian)開(kai)花(hua)后出葉,葉子對長(chang)為橢圓形(xing),長(chang)約5-7cm,寬約2-4.5cm。尖(jian)端窄呈尖(jian)形(xing)。清明前開(kai)花(hua),花(hua)期為5-6月(yue)(yue),花(hua)小(xiao)(xiao),為黃(huang)綠色(se),立秋前掛果(guo)(guo),果(guo)(guo)期在(zai)8-10月(yue)(yue),果(guo)(guo)實為核果(guo)(guo),呈長(chang)橢圓形(xing),長(chang)約1.2-1.5cm,直徑約0.7cm左(zuo)(zuo)右。
產地環境
陽(yang)城山茱萸喜溫(wen)暖濕潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候,對自然環境條件要求比較嚴格。要求腐殖質豐(feng)富、疏松(song)的(de)微酸性綜壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)或(huo)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu);氣(qi)(qi)候涼爽(shuang)、濕潤(run),雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,陽(yang)光適宜。海拔在600-900米之間,陰(yin)坡(po)或(huo)半陰(yin)坡(po);年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)8-16℃。≥10℃積溫(wen)4000-5000℃,日照年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均2571.3小時(shi),全年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期170-195天。肥沃、濕潤(run)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),PH一般在5-6.5時(shi)生長(chang)最佳。過酸、過堿的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)不利于(yu)其生長(chang)發育。山茱萸從種子出苗到幼樹結實(shi),需要7-8年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間,樹齡在10-20年(nian)(nian)以下者產量(liang)極低,20-50年(nian)(nian)進(jin)入盛果期,結果時(shi)間長(chang)達上(shang)(shang)(shang)百年(nian)(nian)。山茱萸根(gen)系(xi)分布淺,吸收(shou)根(gen)群多在13cm以上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)內。
品質特征
2006年,經過(guo)中國藥品生物制品檢(jian)定所、農業部(bu)農產品質量檢(jian)驗測試中心,依據《中國藥典(dian)》2005年標(biao)準(zhun)進行全檢(jian),檢(jian)測結果(guo)顯示(shi):蟒河山茱萸的馬錢(qian)苷含量為1.332%,超過(guo)國家規定標(biao)準(zhun)的2.2倍(國家標(biao)準(zhun)不得少(shao)于0.6%),均(jun)高出陜西(xi)、四川(chuan)、河南、浙江產區山茱萸的含量。
陽城(cheng)山茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)以(yi)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)、治(zhi)病、辟邪等特(te)有(you)(you)功(gong)效(xiao)著稱。山茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)對(dui)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)功(gong)能具有(you)(you)雙(shuang)向調(diao)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),山茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糖(tang)類有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)促進免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong).山茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)總(zong)甙則明(ming)顯(xian)地(di)抑制免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)功(gong)能,是(shi)(shi)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)抑制劑(ji)。熊果酸在(zai)體外(wai)具有(you)(you)殺滅免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong).腹腔注射(she)卻能夠明(ming)顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)功(gong)能。更(geng)有(you)(you)意思的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),山茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)所含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某些化學成(cheng)分(fen).合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)強免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong).而高(gao)濃度(du)(du)卻出現抑制作用(yong)(yong),可見(jian)中(zhong)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學成(cheng)分(fen)和藥理作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性。
山茱(zhu)萸還可制(zhi)成藥(yao)酒、飲料、果(guo)醬、罐頭等(deng)多種(zhong)保健休閑(xian)食品(pin),山茱(zhu)萸酒的(de)釀造始于宋(song)代,由于它有(you)極高的(de)藥(yao)用價值(zhi)和滋補功效,被(bei)歷代視為珍奇(qi)異(yi)寶,列為貢品(pin)。