一.產品介紹
咸安(an)(an)磚茶(cha)以“生(sheng)川(chuan)”磚茶(cha)為(wei)代表(biao),始于(yu)(yu)明,盛(sheng)于(yu)(yu)清(qing),承于(yu)(yu)今,至今已有400余年(nian)歷史。咸安(an)(an)磚茶(cha)其以天然優(you)質老青茶(cha)為(wei)原料(liao),經傳(chuan)統工藝原汁發酵、手(shou)工精選、高溫蒸(zheng)制、檀(tan)木(mu)液壓成型、木(mu)炭烘(hong)干而(er)成。具(ju)有生(sheng)津(jin)解(jie)渴,明目清(qing)心,提神益思(si)、補充膳(shan)食營養、助消化、解(jie)油膩、順腸(chang)胃(wei)、利(li)尿(niao)解(jie)毒、殺菌消炎之功效(xiao)。咸安(an)(an)磚茶(cha)原料(liao)產(chan)地(di)主要分布于(yu)(yu)咸安(an)(an)區(qu)內桂(gui)花鎮、馬橋鎮、大(da)幕鄉等七個鄉鎮63個村,總生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)域面(mian)積(ji)約20000畝,產(chan)量(liang)2000多噸。通過“三品”認(ren)證茶(cha)園面(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)80%以上,原料(liao)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全有保證。咸安(an)(an)將茶(cha)產(chan)業發展作為(wei)實現(xian)“轉(zhuan)型升級、綠色(se)崛起”的突(tu)破口來抓,咸安(an)(an)區(qu)委(wei)區(qu)政府傾力打(da)造“咸安(an)(an)磚茶(cha)”公共品牌,爭取到(dao)2020年(nian),全區(qu)茶(cha)葉種植面(mian)積(ji)發展到(dao)10萬(wan)畝,磚茶(cha)總產(chan)量(liang)達2萬(wan)噸。
二(er).自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌情況:咸(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)處幕阜(fu)山(shan)系(xi)(xi)和(he)江(jiang)漢(han)平(ping)(ping)原的過渡地(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)勢東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)高(gao)西北(bei)低,呈階梯狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分布(bu),狀(zhuang)(zhuang)如撮箕,按(an)形(xing)(xing)態成因分為(wei)低山(shan)、丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵、崗地(di)(di)、平(ping)(ping)原四(si)大(da)(da)類型,相(xiang)對高(gao)差(cha)936.1米(mi)。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)低山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),系(xi)(xi)幕阜(fu)山(shan)系(xi)(xi)北(bei)翼(yi)余脈,山(shan)脈之間(jian)峰巒起伏,溝(gou)壑縱橫,共(gong)形(xing)(xing)成大(da)(da)小山(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)22877座,其中(zhong)山(shan)峰218座,最高(gao)峰為(wei)大(da)(da)幕山(shan)灶背(bei)巖,海拔(ba)954.1米(mi)。相(xiang)對高(gao)差(cha)50-200米(mi),谷深坡陡,坡度(du)為(wei)60°左右。中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)和(he)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),海拔(ba)50-300米(mi),相(xiang)對高(gao)差(cha)50-100米(mi),丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)體零亂、圓渾,坡度(du)50-300米(mi),壟崗、殘丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)相(xiang)間(jian),脈絡(luo)明顯,坡度(du)小于(yu)5°左右。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)和(he)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)、西北(bei)、西部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)分為(wei)平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),海拔(ba)30米(mi)以(yi)下(xia),最低處斧頭(tou)湖海拔(ba)18米(mi),地(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦,湖泊港(gang)汊多,河網密度(du)大(da)(da),坡度(du)小于(yu)3°。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)安(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)表(biao)廣泛(fan)分布(bu)石灰巖,屬喀斯(si)特(te)地(di)(di)貌,溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)特(te)多,較大(da)(da)的有20余處,其中(zhong)太乙洞(dong)(dong)、飛仙洞(dong)(dong)、鳴泉洞(dong)(dong)等最為(wei)有名。
2、河(he)(he)流(liu)情況:咸安區境(jing)內以淦河(he)(he)、高橋河(he)(he)、汀泗河(he)(he)三大河(he)(he)流(liu)為主流(liu),匯集(ji)大小支流(liu)70條(tiao),總長567.8公里。三大河(he)(he)流(liu)上游多是山(shan)地、坡度(du)大、集(ji)流(liu)快(kuai),河(he)(he)水暴(bao)漲暴(bao)落,易(yi)(yi)旱(han)易(yi)(yi)澇;下游河(he)(he)道迂回曲折,加之受湖(hu)(hu)水頂托,容(rong)易(yi)(yi)泛濫成(cheng)災。境(jing)內湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)有(you)斧(fu)頭、西涼兩湖(hu)(hu),均為天然(ran)淡水湖(hu)(hu),水面面積4.4萬畝。
3、氣候(hou)情況:咸(xian)安區(qu)屬(shu)亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)性濕潤氣候(hou),四季(ji)分明,氣候(hou)溫和,日(ri)照充足,雨量豐沛,無霜期長(chang),嚴寒(han)酷暑時間(jian)短。境內日(ri)照時數(shu)年(nian)平均值為(wei)1879.65小(xiao)時,日(ri)照率為(wei)42%,最多(duo)(duo)的1979年(nian)為(wei)2075.4小(xiao)時,最少的1975年(nian)為(wei)1596.6小(xiao)時,年(nian)較差478.8小(xiao)時。。全區(qu)年(nian)均降雨天數(shu)150天,降雨量年(nian)均1531.4毫米。境內受(shou)亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)影響,春季(ji)多(duo)(duo)東風(feng)(feng),夏季(ji)多(duo)(duo)東南風(feng)(feng),秋(qiu)冬多(duo)(duo)偏北(bei)風(feng)(feng)。
4、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)情況:境(jing)(jing)內主(zhu)要(yao)有紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、石灰(巖)土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)6類。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)大部分(fen)(fen)呈中性偏(pian)酸,少數偏(pian)堿,PH值一(yi)般在5.5-7.5之間。紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)65254公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)域(yu)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)46.04%,分(fen)(fen)布區域(yu)為海(hai)拔50-800米的(de)(de)低(di)山丘(qiu)陵及低(di)山平崗地(di)(di)帶;黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)47公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)域(yu)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)0.03%;石灰(巖)土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)9354公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)域(yu)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)6.6%;紫色土(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)377公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)域(yu)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)0.26%;潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)396公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)域(yu)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)0.28%;水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)是境(jing)(jing)內主(zhu)要(yao)耕地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang),面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)21234公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)域(yu)土(tu)(tu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)14.98%,占(zhan)耕地(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)74.90%。 咸(xian)(xian)安地(di)(di)理環境(jing)(jing)和(he)自(zi)然條件(jian)得(de)天(tian)獨厚(hou),工(gong)業“三廢”低(di)于(yu)國家標準(zhun),大氣(qi)清新無污(wu)染(ran),符(fu)合《環境(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量標準(zhun)》(GB3095—2012);徑(jing)流水(shui)質(zhi)優良,符(fu)合《地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量標準(zhun)》(GB3838-2002)。咸(xian)(xian)安特有的(de)(de)光照(zhao)、溫(wen)濕度、降水(shui)、水(shui)質(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌等環境(jing)(jing)和(he)生(sheng)態條件(jian),確保了茶葉(xie)種(zhong)植的(de)(de)良好(hao)生(sheng)長和(he)優良特性的(de)(de)形成。
三.地域范圍
“咸(xian)安(an)磚茶”產(chan)地范(fan)圍為湖北(bei)省(sheng)咸(xian)寧(ning)市咸(xian)安(an)區所轄的桂花鎮(zhen)(zhen)、馬(ma)橋(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大幕鄉、雙溪橋(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、賀(he)勝橋(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、汀泗橋(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、橫(heng)溝(gou)橋(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)等7個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)63個村,1個國有林場,總(zong)生產(chan)區域面(mian)積 2000公頃。其地理位置(zhi)位于(yu)東(dong)經114°06′-114°43′,北(bei)緯29°39′-30°02′之間。區域范(fan)圍內咸(xian)安(an)磚茶茶葉核心種植面(mian)積10000畝(mu),總(zong)產(chan)量(liang)5000噸。