一.產品介紹
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)歷史悠久(jiu),清宣統(tong)元年(1909年)《黃安(an)(an)鄉土志》商務(wu)篇六十九卷載“落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)日(ri)盛,亦有(you)洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)本地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之分,洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)顆大(da)(da)香遜,根蒂(di)固(gu)易捆”。到清末民初“落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)日(ri)盛一(yi)(yi)日(ri)”,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)栽培面由北向南擴(kuo)展并覆蓋全縣。 紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)人視(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)為(wei)吉祥喜(xi)(xi)慶的(de)象征,民間喜(xi)(xi)慶宴(yan)席(xi)(xi)必定(ding)少(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)。訂婚男(nan)方送“聘(pin)禮”贈送禮品的(de)籮(luo)筐(kuang)內要放柏枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)等(deng),結(jie)婚時(shi)女(nv)方的(de)嫁妝里也要放花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、百果之類的(de),新房的(de)枕頭(tou)下(xia)、被褥里會提(ti)前藏好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)棗。除夕夜(ye)守(shou)歲,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)人家家炒花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng),大(da)(da)年初一(yi)(yi)必定(ding)要以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)待客。1963年李(li)先(xian)念(nian)回(hui)故鄉視(shi)察,鄉親們(men)炒了(le)一(yi)(yi)簸箕(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)款待他,李(li)先(xian)念(nian)當時(shi)感慨紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)就(jiu)是香。1958年毛(mao)主席(xi)(xi)在武昌接見紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試驗(yan)田的(de)干部(bu)代表時(shi)曾連聲稱贊(zan):“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)錯(cuo),紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)錯(cuo)!”
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況: 均(jun)州名曬煙地(di)處漢(han)江中上游,位居南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中線工程核心水(shui)(shui)(shui)源區腹地(di),境(jing)(jing)內有(you)全國著(zhu)名的“一(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)”即(ji)道(dao)教圣地(di)“武當(dang)山(shan)(shan)”和亞(ya)洲最大人工淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖“丹江口水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫”。南(nan)有(you)巴(ba)山(shan)(shan)雄峙,北有(you)秦(qin)嶺余脈屏障,八百里武當(dang)居中,東連老河(he)(he)口市和河(he)(he)南(nan)省淅(xi)川縣,西(xi)接(jie)十堰(yan)市和鄖縣。地(di)形呈心臟形,地(di)勢西(xi)高(gao)東低,漢(han)江自(zi)西(xi)向東貫穿,將(jiang)全境(jing)(jing)陸地(di)分(fen)割成“江南(nan)”、“江北”兩個(ge)自(zi)然板塊,俗稱(cheng)江南(nan)江北。國土(tu)為“七(qi)山(shan)(shan)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)分(fen)田”自(zi)然格(ge)局。產地(di)山(shan)(shan)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)秀(xiu),景(jing)色宜人,平均(jun)海拔在350m;土(tu)壤(rang)以黃棕壤(rang)為主,夾有(you)紫色土(tu)和石灰土(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)產(chan)區主要分布(bu)在丹江口庫(ku)(ku)區沿岸間的(de)(de)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)、低山(shan)河谷環境(jing)。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)南(nan)北物種交匯,環境(jing)優(you)越(yue),植(zhi)被(bei)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)達64.5%。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)平均海拔400m,背山(shan)面(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,境(jing)內的(de)(de)丹江口水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是(shi)亞洲最大(da)的(de)(de)人工淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖,是(shi)舉世矚目的(de)(de)南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中線工程(cheng)調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)頭(tou),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)約有275.46億立(li)方米,絕大(da)部分由漢、丹二江帶來,加上本地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)表徑(jing)流資(zi)源(yuan),河川徑(jing)流資(zi)源(yuan)為285.12億立(li)方米。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)好,礦化(hua)度(du)低,ph、總硬(ying)度(du)適中,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)中主要離子含量(liang)一般都在正常范圍(wei)內,主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系河床落差大(da)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能蘊藏量(liang)累計5.5萬千瓦,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達國家(jia)Ⅱ類(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)上標(biao)準。豐富的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為均州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)“色(se)澤黃亮、葉片較大(da)、厚(hou)薄(bo)適中”的(de)(de)外觀(guan)特征(zheng)形成,提(ti)供(gong)了得天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)自然條件。
3、氣侯特點:均州名曬(shai)煙(yan)產(chan)地(di)處于南北氣候(hou)過渡(du)帶(dai),屬亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)半濕潤季風(feng)氣候(hou)區,由(you)于秦嶺山脈(mo)的(de)屏障作(zuo)用,加之(zhi)丹江口水庫的(de)“湖泊(bo)熱(re)(re)效應”及垂直地(di)貌影響,構(gou)成(cheng)了(le)優越(yue)的(de)“四季分明(ming)、光(guang)照充(chong)(chong)(chong)足、熱(re)(re)量(liang)豐(feng)富、雨熱(re)(re)同(tong)季,無霜期長,相對濕度大”的(de)山地(di)氣候(hou)特點。種(zhong)植區氣候(hou)溫和(he),夏無酷(ku)署,冬無嚴寒,光(guang)照充(chong)(chong)(chong)足,雨水充(chong)(chong)(chong)沛,氣溫年較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)小,日較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)大,光(guang)合(he)效率(lv)高,葉(xie)片(pian)的(de)光(guang)合(he)能力較(jiao)(jiao)強,十分有利煙(yan)葉(xie)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用的(de)高積累,形成(cheng)“香氣充(chong)(chong)(chong)足”的(de)優質(zhi)曬(shai)煙(yan)風(feng)格特征。
三.地域范圍
均州名曬(shai)煙產(chan)地范圍為湖北省丹(dan)江口市所轄的均縣鎮(zhen)、習(xi)家店鎮(zhen)、蒿坪鎮(zhen)、石鼓鎮(zhen)等4個鎮(zhen)、計46個行政村。其地理(li)位(wei)置位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)經110°08'—111°34'、北緯32°14'—32°58'之間(jian)。均州名曬(shai)煙種植面積733公頃,年產(chan)量1000噸,產(chan)值(zhi)0.18億元(yuan)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、外觀感官特征:生(sheng)煙(yan)外觀:莖葉(xie)(xie)(xie)角(jiao)度較(jiao)小,著葉(xie)(xie)(xie)28~34片,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片較(jiao)窄而厚,筋(jin)脈細,呈闊橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing);葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄生(sheng)毛(mao),露浸不拖頭;易退青變黃,水分(fen)含量少;顏色深黃,色度飽滿,油分(fen)充足,組織細致,厚薄(bo)適(shi)中,成熟度好(hao)(hao),填充力(li)強,彈性(xing)好(hao)(hao),香味(wei)充足。成品煙(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie):香氣(qi)濃郁,手揉葉(xie)(xie)(xie)呈麩片狀,燃(ran)燒(shao)性(xing)好(hao)(hao),燃(ran)燒(shao)后灰 呈潔白;吸味(wei)飽滿,勁(jing)頭足,刺激(ji)性(xing)小;含糖量適(shi)中,化學成分(fen)協調(diao)(diao);煙(yan)氣(qi)柔和(he)、細膩,余(yu)味(wei)舒適(shi)純凈,濃勁(jing)比協調(diao)(diao),配伍性(xing)好(hao)(hao),工(gong)業可用(yong)性(xing)強。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):煙葉安全性高(gao),無殘(can)毒(du),無農藥殘(can)留;煙葉中“高(gao)糖、適(shi)煙堿、富(fu)鉀(jia)、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)”是形成均州名曬煙的重要化學物質(zhi)基礎。蛋(dan)白質(zhi)6%~8%,總(zong)糖12%~16%,總(zong)氮2.2%~2.8%,煙堿3%~3.8%,鉀(jia)1.2%~1.7%,氯(lv)0.6%~1.2%。
3、安全要(yao)求(qiu):產地(di)環境要(yao)求(qiu)執行NY/T852煙(yan)草產地(di)環境技(ji)術條件;農藥使用(yong)符合《煙(yan)草農藥使用(yong)推薦意見》(中國(guo)煙(yan)葉公(gong)司發(fa)布);質量要(yao)求(qiu)按(an)DB42/T225—2002《均縣名曬煙(yan)》標準執行。