一.產品介紹
紅(hong)(hong)安種(zhong)植花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久,清宣(xuan)統元年(1909年)《黃安鄉(xiang)(xiang)土志》商務篇六十(shi)九卷載“落(luo)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛(sheng)(sheng),亦有洋種(zhong)本地種(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)分,洋種(zhong)顆大(da)香遜,根蒂固易捆”。到(dao)清末民(min)初“落(luo)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛(sheng)(sheng)一日(ri)”,紅(hong)(hong)安花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽培面由北向南擴展并覆蓋全(quan)縣。 紅(hong)(hong)安人視花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為吉祥喜慶的(de)(de)象征,民(min)間喜慶宴席(xi)必定(ding)(ding)少(shao)不了(le)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。訂婚(hun)男方送“聘禮(li)”贈送禮(li)品的(de)(de)籮筐內(nei)要(yao)(yao)放柏枝、花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等,結婚(hun)時(shi)女方的(de)(de)嫁妝里(li)也(ye)要(yao)(yao)放花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、百果之(zhi)(zhi)類的(de)(de),新(xin)房的(de)(de)枕(zhen)頭下(xia)、被褥里(li)會(hui)提前藏(zang)好花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、紅(hong)(hong)棗。除(chu)夕夜守歲,紅(hong)(hong)安人家家炒花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大(da)年初一必定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)以花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)待(dai)客。1963年李先念回故鄉(xiang)(xiang)視察,鄉(xiang)(xiang)親們炒了(le)一簸箕花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)款待(dai)他,李先念當時(shi)感慨紅(hong)(hong)安的(de)(de)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就是香。1958年毛主席(xi)在武(wu)昌(chang)接(jie)見紅(hong)(hong)安種(zhong)試驗田的(de)(de)干部代表時(shi)曾(ceng)連聲(sheng)稱贊:“紅(hong)(hong)安的(de)(de)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不錯(cuo),紅(hong)(hong)安的(de)(de)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不錯(cuo)!”
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況: 均(jun)州名曬煙地(di)(di)(di)處漢(han)江(jiang)中上游(you),位居(ju)(ju)南(nan)水(shui)(shui)北(bei)調中線(xian)工(gong)程核心水(shui)(shui)源區(qu)腹(fu)地(di)(di)(di),境(jing)(jing)內有全國著名的“一山一水(shui)(shui)”即道(dao)教圣地(di)(di)(di)“武當(dang)山”和(he)亞洲最大人工(gong)淡水(shui)(shui)湖“丹江(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)庫”。南(nan)有巴山雄峙,北(bei)有秦嶺余(yu)脈屏(ping)障,八百里(li)武當(dang)居(ju)(ju)中,東(dong)(dong)連老河(he)口市和(he)河(he)南(nan)省淅川縣,西(xi)(xi)接十堰市和(he)鄖縣。地(di)(di)(di)形呈心臟形,地(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)(xi)高(gao)東(dong)(dong)低,漢(han)江(jiang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)向東(dong)(dong)貫穿,將全境(jing)(jing)陸地(di)(di)(di)分割成“江(jiang)南(nan)”、“江(jiang)北(bei)”兩個自(zi)(zi)(zi)然板塊,俗稱(cheng)江(jiang)南(nan)江(jiang)北(bei)。國土(tu)(tu)為“七山二水(shui)(shui)一分田(tian)”自(zi)(zi)(zi)然格局(ju)。產地(di)(di)(di)山清水(shui)(shui)秀,景色宜人,平均(jun)海拔在350m;土(tu)(tu)壤以黃棕壤為主,夾有紫色土(tu)(tu)和(he)石灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:均州名曬(shai)煙產(chan)區主要(yao)分布在丹(dan)江口(kou)庫(ku)(ku)區沿岸間的(de)山地丘陵、低山河谷環境(jing)。產(chan)地南北物種交(jiao)匯,環境(jing)優越,植被覆蓋率達(da)64.5%。產(chan)地平均海拔400m,背山面水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富(fu),境(jing)內(nei)的(de)丹(dan)江口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是亞(ya)洲(zhou)最大的(de)人工淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖,是舉世矚目(mu)的(de)南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中(zhong)線工程調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約有(you)275.46億(yi)立方米,絕大部分由(you)漢、丹(dan)二江帶來,加上本(ben)地地表徑流資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),河川徑流資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)285.12億(yi)立方米。產(chan)地內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質良(liang)好,礦(kuang)化度低,ph、總硬度適中(zhong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)主要(yao)離子含量一般都在正常范圍(wei)內(nei),主要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)河床落差(cha)大、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能蘊藏(zang)量累計5.5萬千瓦,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達(da)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質以上標(biao)準。豐富(fu)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)均州名曬(shai)煙“色(se)澤黃亮、葉片(pian)較大、厚薄適中(zhong)”的(de)外觀特征形成(cheng),提供了得天獨厚的(de)自然條件(jian)。
3、氣(qi)侯特(te)點(dian):均州名曬煙產(chan)地處于南北氣(qi)候(hou)過(guo)渡帶,屬亞熱帶半濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),由(you)于秦嶺(ling)山脈的(de)屏障作(zuo)用,加之(zhi)丹江口(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)“湖泊(bo)熱效應(ying)”及垂直地貌影響,構成了優越的(de)“四(si)季分明、光(guang)照(zhao)充足、熱量豐富、雨(yu)熱同(tong)季,無霜期長(chang),相對濕度(du)大(da)”的(de)山地氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian)。種植區(qu)氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,夏(xia)無酷署,冬無嚴寒(han),光(guang)照(zhao)充足,雨(yu)水(shui)充沛,氣(qi)溫(wen)年較(jiao)差小,日較(jiao)差大(da),光(guang)合效率高(gao),葉(xie)片的(de)光(guang)合能力較(jiao)強,十分有(you)利煙葉(xie)光(guang)合作(zuo)用的(de)高(gao)積累,形成“香氣(qi)充足”的(de)優質曬煙風(feng)格特(te)征(zheng)。
三.地域范圍
均(jun)(jun)州名曬煙產地范圍(wei)為湖北省丹江(jiang)口市(shi)所轄的均(jun)(jun)縣鎮(zhen)、習(xi)家店鎮(zhen)、蒿坪鎮(zhen)、石(shi)鼓鎮(zhen)等(deng)4個鎮(zhen)、計46個行政村。其(qi)地理位(wei)(wei)置位(wei)(wei)于(yu)東經110°08'—111°34'、北緯32°14'—32°58'之間。均(jun)(jun)州名曬煙種植面(mian)積733公頃,年產量1000噸,產值0.18億元。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外觀感官特征:生(sheng)煙外觀:莖葉角度(du)較小,著葉28~34片,葉片較窄而厚(hou),筋脈細(xi),呈闊橢圓形;葉柄生(sheng)毛,露浸不拖頭;易(yi)退青變(bian)黃(huang),水分(fen)含量少;顏色(se)深黃(huang),色(se)度(du)飽滿(man),油(you)分(fen)充(chong)足(zu),組織細(xi)致,厚(hou)薄適(shi)中(zhong),成(cheng)熟度(du)好,填充(chong)力強,彈性(xing)好,香(xiang)味充(chong)足(zu)。成(cheng)品(pin)煙葉:香(xiang)氣(qi)濃郁,手揉葉呈麩片狀,燃燒(shao)性(xing)好,燃燒(shao)后灰 呈潔白;吸味飽滿(man),勁頭足(zu),刺激性(xing)小;含糖(tang)量適(shi)中(zhong),化學成(cheng)分(fen)協調;煙氣(qi)柔和、細(xi)膩,余(yu)味舒適(shi)純凈,濃勁比協調,配伍(wu)性(xing)好,工業(ye)可用性(xing)強。
2、內在(zai)品質指標:煙葉安全性高,無殘毒,無農(nong)藥殘留(liu);煙葉中“高糖(tang)(tang)、適煙堿、富鉀(jia)、蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質”是(shi)形成均州名曬煙的(de)重要化學(xue)物(wu)質基礎。蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質6%~8%,總糖(tang)(tang)12%~16%,總氮2.2%~2.8%,煙堿3%~3.8%,鉀(jia)1.2%~1.7%,氯0.6%~1.2%。
3、安(an)全要求:產地環境(jing)要求執行NY/T852煙(yan)草產地環境(jing)技術條件;農(nong)藥使(shi)用符合《煙(yan)草農(nong)藥使(shi)用推薦意見(jian)》(中(zhong)國(guo)煙(yan)葉公司(si)發布);質(zhi)量要求按DB42/T225—2002《均縣名曬煙(yan)》標準執行。