羅田甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi),指中(zhong)國(guo)湖北省大(da)別(bie)山區羅田縣產(chan)的(de)(de)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi),是中(zhong)國(guo)地理(li)標志產(chan)品。羅田為"中(zhong)國(guo)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)之(zhi)鄉"。羅田甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)是世(shi)界唯(wei)一(yi)自然脫澀的(de)(de)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)品種,秋天成熟(shu)后(hou),不需加工,可直接食用。羅田縣三里畈鎮鏨字石(shi)村出產(chan)的(de)(de)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)更(geng)是珍品,其特點是個大(da)色艷,身圓(yuan)底方,皮(pi)薄肉厚,甜(tian)脆可口。別(bie)的(de)(de)地方出產(chan)的(de)(de)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)一(yi)般有籽粒(li)八顆(ke)以上(shang),而鏨子石(shi)甜(tian)柿(shi)(shi)不超(chao)過三顆(ke)籽,所以既方便(bian)食用,更(geng)方便(bian)加工。
產地環境
羅(luo)田(tian)縣位(wei)于(yu)大別山南(nan)麓,總面積321萬(wan)畝,屬亞(ya)熱帶季風區,氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),陽光充足,雨量充沛,光水(shui)熱同步,自然條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)很好(hao)。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)16.4℃,降(jiang)雨量1300-1600毫米(mi),無霜期181-231天,極為(wei)(wei)(wei)適宜甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)發育要(yao)求。羅(luo)田(tian)不僅具(ju)有適宜甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)發育的(de)基本氣(qi)候條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian),而且由于(yu)地(di)勢、地(di)形(xing)、地(di)貌(mao)(mao)和(he)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)植被的(de)自然調節(jie)(jie)作用,形(xing)成更具(ju)獨特優(you)(you)勢的(de)區域環(huan)境。一是(shi)地(di)勢北高南(nan)低(di),對氣(qi)候資(zi)源可(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)再分配,自行(xing)調節(jie)(jie),使甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)發育期內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室巨變較(jiao)小。二是(shi)地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)差(cha)異大,小氣(qi)候小環(huan)境較(jiao)多,適宜栽(zai)植甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)面積大。三(san)是(shi)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆(fu)蓋率高,達(da)到68.8%,植被條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好(hao),自然生(sheng)態優(you)(you)良(liang),對提高甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實光澤,降(jiang)低(di)果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮厚度(du)都(dou)十分有利。四是(shi)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大,有利于(yu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實的(de)形(xing)成。羅(luo)田(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產區溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)比平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)地(di)區要(yao)大,甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大成熟期為(wei)(wei)(wei)7-9月(yue),其晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)一般都(dou)在10℃以(yi)上,比平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)大4℃以(yi)上,這對柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)糖分轉化(hua)和(he)營養積累(lei)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)有利,是(shi)羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品質優(you)(you)良(liang)、味(wei)道鮮美(mei)的(de)一個重(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)因。五(wu)是(shi)土壤(rang)適宜甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang),羅(luo)田(tian)土壤(rang)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)片麻巖風化(hua)形(xing)成的(de)沙壤(rang)土,透水(shui)、通氣(qi)性能良(liang)好(hao),微酸性和(he)中性,有利于(yu)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹根系生(sheng)長(chang),柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹壽命長(chang),盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期長(chang),豐產性好(hao)。
主要品種
羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)是羅(luo)田(tian)當地(di)原生(sheng)(sheng)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)品種的(de)總(zong)稱(cheng),在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)的(de)自然變異進(jin)化和(he)人(ren)工栽培選擇過程(cheng)中(zhong),逐漸形成(cheng)了(le)很(hen)多(duo)各具特(te)色(se)的(de)優(you)良品種。具有(you)栽培價值的(de)地(di)方品種有(you)20多(duo)個(ge),大(da)、中(zhong)、小果(guo)(guo)型(xing)品種和(he)早(zao)、中(zhong)、晚熟(shu)品種兼備,還(huan)有(you)育苗采籽專用品種和(he)單(dan)雄性授粉(fen)樹(shu)品種,品種資源極為(wei)(wei)豐富,其主(zhu)要(yao)品種有(you):羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、秋(qiu)(qiu)焰甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)(寶華、鄂(e)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)1號(hao)、陰陽柿(shi)(shi)(shi))、寶蓋(gai)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、四方甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、小果(guo)(guo)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍爪(zhua)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、金秋(qiu)(qiu)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)、蜜糖柿(shi)(shi)(shi)。這些品種的(de)共同特(te)點是果(guo)(guo)實(shi)含(han)有(you)可溶性單(dan)寧低,不(bu)需人(ren)工脫澀(se),不(bu)復生(sheng)(sheng)返澀(se);果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄(bo),皮(pi)色(se)橙紅光(guang)亮(liang),外表美觀亮(liang)麗;果(guo)(guo)肉甜(tian)(tian)(tian)脆細膩,含(han)糖量(liang)在(zai)(zai)17-26%之(zhi)間,味甜(tian)(tian)(tian)可口(kou);果(guo)(guo)內無(wu)黑(hei)斑,無(wu)果(guo)(guo)心;果(guo)(guo)型(xing)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)扁(bian)園,無(wu)縱溝,無(wu)縊痕。此(ci)外,羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)很(hen)強,分(fen)枝(zhi)能力很(hen)旺(wang),樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)形成(cheng)快(kuai),側(ce)枝(zhi)分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)多(duo),葉片肥大(da),葉色(se)濃綠,葉肉厚實(shi),光(guang)合作用能力強,結實(shi)早(zao),豐產性能好,根(gen)(gen)系發達(da),主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)較深,側(ce)根(gen)(gen)特(te)別長(chang)(chang),一(yi)(yi)般側(ce)根(gen)(gen)為(wei)(wei)樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)的(de)2倍,有(you)的(de)散生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)樹(shu)側(ce)根(gen)(gen)可達(da)樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)的(de)6-7倍。由(you)于根(gen)(gen)系發達(da),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛,因而(er)羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)抗逆性強,耐瘠(ji)、耐旱(han)、耐漬、耐寒,病(bing)蟲害(hai)少,適應性廣,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)壽命長(chang)(chang),盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi)也很(hen)長(chang)(chang)。根(gen)(gen)據資料記載和(he)羅(luo)田(tian)林(lin)業部門調(diao)查,一(yi)(yi)般壽命多(duo)在(zai)(zai)400年(nian)左(zuo)右,盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi)約在(zai)(zai)100年(nian)以上。這些豐富的(de)品種資源,是羅(luo)田(tian)縣發展羅(luo)田(tian)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)柿(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)獨有(you)優(you)勢(shi)和(he)重要(yao)物質基礎。