鄖(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)區(qu)(qu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產歷史(shi)悠(you)久,自古(gu)以來(lai)在滄(cang)浪山(shan)(shan)周圍的(de)(de)高山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶就生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),明(ming)《鄖(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)府志》和清康(kang)熙(xi)《鄖(yun)(yun)縣志》對天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產都(dou)有(you)(you)記載。解(jie)放后,藥材公司副(fu)總經(jing)理張國(guo)榮(rong)對野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)進行轉(zhuan)(zhuan)家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)人工(gong)栽培試驗(yan),于1972年(nian)和1977年(nian)先后研究出天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)無性繁殖(zhi)和有(you)(you)性繁殖(zhi)種植(zhi)技術(shu)(shu),并(bing)在全區(qu)(qu)推廣。1979年(nian),全國(guo)有(you)(you)13個省、市2200余名天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)技術(shu)(shu)人員和種植(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)愛好者(zhe)到鄖(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)區(qu)(qu)學(xue)習天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)技術(shu)(shu),鄖(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種植(zhi)的(de)(de)發源地(di)。區(qu)(qu)委、區(qu)(qu)政府非常重(zhong)視天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)產業(ye),將天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)精(jing)準(zhun)扶貧工(gong)程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要產業(ye)來(lai)抓,成(cheng)立(li)了鄖(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)區(qu)(qu)滄(cang)浪山(shan)(shan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)協(xie)會,為(wei)(wei)農民提(ti)供天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種植(zhi)的(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)指導(dao)和信息服務,采取“協(xie)會+基地(di)+農戶”的(de)(de)方式(shi)大力發展天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)產業(ye)。
地域范圍
鄖(yun)(yun)陽天(tian)麻地(di)理范圍為湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)十堰市鄖(yun)(yun)陽區所轄的鮑(bao)峽鎮(zhen)、五峰(feng)鄉(xiang)、葉大鄉(xiang)、紅巖背林場、大柳鄉(xiang)、白桑關鎮(zhen)、南化塘鎮(zhen)等7個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(場),計35個行政村、4150戶。其(qi)地(di)理位(wei)置(zhi)位(wei)于東經(jing)110°07′09″~111°16′11″、北(bei)緯32°25′04″~33°16′17″之間。鄖(yun)(yun)陽天(tian)麻的種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積為265公頃,年產量548噸(dun),年產值1.1億(yi)元人民幣。
產品品質特(te)(te)性(xing)特(te)(te)征
1、獨特(te)感官特(te)征:鄖(yun)陽天麻為(wei)蘭(lan)科寄生草本(ben)植物。 整個植株無根、無綠(lv)色(se)(se)葉片,只有地上花(hua)莖和地下塊莖。鄖(yun)陽天麻株高1.5米左右,莖橙紅色(se)(se),花(hua)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)而(er)略(lve)帶橙紅色(se)(se),花(hua)期4-5月。鄖(yun)陽天麻干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)塊莖外形扁(bian)縮(suo)而(er)稍(shao)彎曲,頂(ding)端(duan)有紅棕(zong)色(se)(se)干(gan)(gan)枯(ku)芽苞,俗(su)稱(cheng)“鸚哥嘴”,另一(yi)端(duan)有圓肚臍(qi)形痕(hen),俗(su)稱(cheng)“凹肚臍(qi)”,一(yi)般長6—14厘(li)(li)米,寬2.4—4厘(li)(li)米,厚(hou)0.6—2.2厘(li)(li)米,重30—65克,表面(mian)黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)至黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)色(se)(se),略(lve)透明,有點狀突起形成的橫環紋(wen)及縱皺(zhou)紋(wen),質(zhi)堅硬(ying),不易折斷(duan)。斷(duan)面(mian)較(jiao)平坦,黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)至淡棕(zong)色(se)(se),角質(zhi)樣,有尿騷氣,味略(lve)苦。
2、獨(du)特內在品(pin)(pin)質指(zhi)標(biao):經四川食品(pin)(pin)藥品(pin)(pin)檢(jian)驗檢(jian)測院檢(jian)測,鄖(yun)陽天麻(ma)水分(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)(wei)13.6%(規范規定(ding)值:7%≤水分(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量≤15.0%),浸(jin)出(chu)物為(wei)(wei)12.3%(規范規定(ding)值:10.0%≤浸(jin)出(chu)物≤30.0%),天麻(ma)素含(han)(han)(han)量為(wei)(wei)0.42 %(規范規定(ding)值:0.20 %≤天麻(ma)素含(han)(han)(han)量≤0.80%)。
3、質(zhi)量安全要求(qiu):鄖陽(yang)天(tian)麻(ma)采用仿野生(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)環(huan)境種植,不(bu)使用任何(he)肥料和藥(yao)物,保持純天(tian)然(ran)的(de)優良(liang)品質(zhi),產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境符(fu)合GAP中(zhong)藥(yao)材生(sheng)產(chan)質(zhi)量管(guan)理規范(試行),按照《鄖陽(yang)天(tian)麻(ma)生(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》(Q/YCL 01—2015)的(de)標準(zhun)執(zhi)行。