一.產品介紹
1、原產區(qu):山東省壽光市稻田鎮慈家、倫家一帶。
2、體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)外貌描述:①體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing):壽(shou)光雞(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)軀高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da),骨(gu)骼(ge)粗壯,體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)胸深,背寬平直,腿高(gao)(gao)而(er)粗,腳爪(zhua)大(da)(da)(da)而(er)堅實。分為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)、中(zhong)兩個品系。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞(ji)腿高(gao)(gao),體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang),背稍(shao)窄,頭較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),眼(yan)(yan)稍(shao)凹,面部(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)粗糙,屬(shu)肉蛋兼用型(xing)。中(zhong)型(xing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重稍(shao)小(xiao)于大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞(ji),背寬,腿較(jiao)(jiao)矮,頭大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)適中(zhong),眼(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈(ling)活,面部(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)細致清秀,屬(shu)蛋肉兼用型(xing)。②外貌特征:全身(shen)黑(hei)(hei)羽,并(bing)閃(shan)有(you)金(jin)屬(shu)光澤,尾(wei)有(you)長(chang)短之分。單冠,冠有(you)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)之分,冠、髯、耳葉、臉均為(wei)(wei)紅色(se)(se),眼(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈(ling)活,虹彩黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se),喙(hui)(hui)、脛、爪(zhua)為(wei)(wei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se),皮膚為(wei)(wei)白(bai)色(se)(se)。初(chu)生雛絨毛為(wei)(wei)全黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se),少(shao)數(shu)眼(yan)(yan)的上(shang)、后部(bu)和喙(hui)(hui)角及(ji)頜、頸下部(bu)有(you)淡黃色(se)(se)斑塊。頭頂、頸后、背腰(yao)部(bu)絨毛呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)。頸側、體(ti)(ti)(ti)側、尾(wei)部(bu)呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)灰色(se)(se)。喙(hui)(hui)呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)或(huo)喙(hui)(hui)尖為(wei)(wei)黃白(bai)色(se)(se)。脛、趾灰色(se)(se),皮膚白(bai)色(se)(se)。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)能:①生(sheng)長(chang)速度(du):壽光雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平均初生(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)42.4克(ke),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早(zao)期發(fa)育(yu)和(he)(he)羽毛(mao)生(sheng)長(chang)較慢(man),特(te)別是(shi)大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)壽光雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),生(sheng)長(chang)前期常有(you)背毛(mao)稀疏(shu),后(hou)軀赤裸、禿尾現(xian)象(xiang)。生(sheng)長(chang)速度(du)一般從40日(ri)齡(ling)開始加快,至3月齡(ling)后(hou)生(sheng)長(chang)最快,體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)快速增加。②產(chan)(chan)蛋性(xing)能:該雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)蛋量(liang)和(he)(he)蛋重(zhong)(zhong)因類型(xing)(xing)(xing)不同(tong)有(you)一定的(de)(de)差異。大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)年產(chan)(chan)蛋量(liang)為(wei)(wei)90—100個,蛋重(zhong)(zhong)65—75克(ke);中型(xing)(xing)(xing)母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)年產(chan)(chan)蛋量(liang)為(wei)(wei)120—150個,最高(gao)可達213個,蛋重(zhong)(zhong)60—65克(ke).蛋殼顏色為(wei)(wei)紅褐色,蛋殼厚(hou)度(du)0.36毫(hao)米,蛋形指(zhi)數測(ce)定為(wei)(wei)1.32。 4、繁(fan)殖(zhi)性(xing)能:性(xing)成熟期:大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡(ling)為(wei)(wei)140天,平均開產(chan)(chan)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)2.55千克(ke)。中型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡(ling)120天,開產(chan)(chan)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)2.0千克(ke)左(zuo)右。②公母(mu)比(bi)例(li):自(zi)然配種公母(mu)比(bi)例(li),大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)1:8—10,中型(xing)(xing)(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1:10—12。種蛋受精率90.7%,受精蛋的(de)(de)孵化率80.9%。③就巢性(xing):據(ju)1982年壽光慈倫種雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)統(tong)計,經選育(yu)后(hou)就巢母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)數僅(jin)占0.89%。④雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)力:在正常飼養(yang)管理條件(jian)下,據(ju)壽光慈倫種雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)測(ce)定,雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1月齡(ling)的(de)(de)成活(huo)率為(wei)(wei)96.8%,2月齡(ling)為(wei)(wei)92.5%,與外來品種對(dui)比(bi),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)病緩和(he)(he),治愈率較高(gao),體(ti)況(kuang)恢復較快。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:壽光(guang)是(shi)一個自南(nan)(nan)而北(bei)緩(huan)慢降低的平(ping)原區(qu)。海(hai)拔最高點在(zai)(zai)孫(sun)家(jia)集街道辦(ban)事處三(san)元(yuan)朱村東南(nan)(nan)角埠(bu)頂處,高程(cheng)49.5米;最低點在(zai)(zai)大(da)家(jia)洼鎮的老河(he)口附近(jin),高程(cheng)1米。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)相(xiang)對高差48.5米,水平(ping)距離70公里,平(ping)均坡度(du)降萬(wan)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)。河(he)流和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)徑(jing)流自西(xi)南(nan)(nan)向東北(bei)流動,形成大(da)平(ping)小不平(ping)的微地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌差異(yi)。全(quan)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形總體分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三(san)部(bu)分(fen):壽南(nan)(nan)緩(huan)崗區(qu)為(wei)(wei)泰沂(yi)山區(qu)北(bei)部(bu)洪積(ji)(ji)扇尾。成土(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)多為(wei)(wei)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物(wu),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)好。全(quan)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形部(bu)位高,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)起(qi)伏大(da),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)徑(jing)流強(qiang),潛水埋深(shen)(shen)大(da)于5米。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)多為(wei)(wei)褐土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)潮褐土(tu)(tu)。中(zhong)部(bu)微斜(xie)平(ping)原區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)緩(huan),坡降很小。因受(shou)河(he)流影響(xiang),各個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌單元(yuan)呈南(nan)(nan)北(bei)走向間(jian)隔(ge)條帶狀(zhuang)分(fen)布(bu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)母質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)河(he)流沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物(wu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)褐土(tu)(tu)化潮土(tu)(tu)、濕潮土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)砂姜黑土(tu)(tu)。 濱海(hai)淺平(ping)洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形部(bu)位較(jiao)(jiao)低,海(hai)拔在(zai)(zai)4—7米之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。成土(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)海(hai)相(xiang)沉(chen)積(ji)(ji)物(wu)與(yu)河(he)流沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物(wu)迭次相(xiang)間(jian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水埋深(shen)(shen)1—3米,礦化度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)濱海(hai)鹽土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)濱海(hai)潮鹽土(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:壽光境(jing)內多河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流,現(xian)在全境(jing)內有(you)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流17條,其中小(xiao)清河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)從境(jing)內北(bei)端入(ru)海(hai),常年流水(shui)(shui)(shui),有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)上運輸之(zhi)利(li),余皆季節(jie)性歇河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。最大的河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流是彌河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),縱(zong)貫境(jing)內南北(bei),將全市水(shui)(shui)(shui)系分為東西兩部分。彌河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以西為小(xiao)清河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,彌河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以東為彌河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。彌河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)由紀臺鎮西南入(ru)境(jing),流經紀臺、孫家集、圣(sheng)城、上口、田柳、營(ying)里(li)等鎮。主河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道境(jing)內總長(chang)度為80公里(li),河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)槽平(ping)均寬(kuan)170米(mi),入(ru)境(jing)流域面積2248平(ping)方公里(li)。
3、氣候(hou)(hou)情況:壽光(guang)地處(chu)中緯度帶,北臨渤(bo)海(hai),屬(shu)暖溫帶季風(feng)區(qu)大陸(lu)性氣候(hou)(hou)。受暖冷空氣的交替影響(xiang),形成(cheng)了(le)“春季干旱少雨,夏季炎熱多雨,秋季爽涼有旱,冬季干冷少雪”的氣候(hou)(hou)特點。
a日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao):全年(nian)平均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)2607.4小時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)為(wei)59%。年(nian)內日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)分布不均,以5月(yue)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)最(zui)多,為(wei)274.3小時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)為(wei)63%;12月(yue)最(zui)少,為(wei)176.4小時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)為(wei)59%。
b氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen):歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)12.4℃。境內溫(wen)度(du)相(xiang)差在(zai)0.1—0.3℃之間,月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)7月(yue)最高,為(wei)(wei)26.2℃。1月(yue)最低(di)(di),為(wei)(wei)-3.4℃,月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)年(nian)(nian)較差29.6℃。極端最低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-22.3℃,極端最高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41℃。春季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)度(du)回升較快,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)升到6℃以(yi)(yi)上,0 ℃以(yi)(yi)下溫(wen)度(du)出現(xian)(xian)較少。夏季(ji)(ji)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)炎熱,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)23 ℃以(yi)(yi)上,日(ri)最高溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)30℃以(yi)(yi)上的(de)時(shi)間,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每年(nian)(nian)68天(tian)。秋季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)逐日(ri)降(jiang)低(di)(di),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)19℃,有寒(han)潮出現(xian)(xian)。冬季(ji)(ji)從12月(yue)開始,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)-1℃以(yi)(yi)下,日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)低(di)(di)于-10℃以(yi)(yi)下的(de)時(shi)間平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)22天(tian)。
C降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui):歷年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)591.9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),最大年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1286.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),最小年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)299.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。境內年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)差異不(bu)大,為10—30毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),干旱和濕(shi)潤季節分明(ming)。年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)分布不(bu)均:春季平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)79.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),夏(xia)季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為387.1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),占(zhan)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)65.4%,秋季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)101.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),冬(dong)季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)最少,只占(zhan)全年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的4.1%。
4、人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)情況(kuang):養雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生產(chan)是壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)傳統產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)民(min)(min)收入(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要來(lai)源。壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是我國(guo)(guo)優(you)(you)良(liang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),該(gai)(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)彌河流域,歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)經過當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勞動人民(min)(min)長期(qi)選育(yu),遺傳性能穩定(ding),外貌特(te)征一(yi)(yi)致,具有(you)體型碩大(da)、黑(hei)羽、黑(hei)腿、黑(hei)嘴、白皮(pi)膚(fu),肉質細嫩,風味鮮美,蛋(dan)大(da)皮(pi)紅(hong)等(deng)特(te)性,在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外享有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)聲(sheng)譽,被列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志和(he)(he)(he)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)護名錄。據史(shi)料(liao)記(ji)載(zai),該(gai)(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形成(cheng)與(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)社會的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)與(yu)(yu)經濟活動息息相關,有(you)一(yi)(yi)個較(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)過程。公元(yuan)前480年(nian)至公元(yuan)前220年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi),以(yi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)鄒衍為(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)新興學派所著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)《周(zhou)禮·夏官·職方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)氏》中論述(shu)了(le)(le)天下九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)對人與(yu)(yu)動植(zhi)物的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,其(qi)曰(yue)“乃辨(bian)九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)之國(guo)(guo)……正東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曰(yue)青州(zhou)……其(qi)畜(chu)宜雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狗;其(qi)谷宜稻麥”。原(yuan)(yuan)青州(zhou)(現壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)、益(yi)都等(deng)縣)乃屬(shu)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)之一(yi)(yi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)轄區(qu)之內(nei),可見養雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)即(ji)已占重(zhong)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。公元(yuan)六世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)北魏時(shi)期(qi)杰出的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)學家(jia)(jia)賈思勰系古青州(zhou)人,在(zai)(zai)(zai)他撰寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)《齊(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)要術(shu)》一(yi)(yi)書(shu)中,記(ji)述(shu)了(le)(le)該(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)形態特(te)征、飼養技(ji)術(shu)等(deng),對研(yan)究壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早期(qi)形成(cheng)具有(you)重(zhong)要價(jia)值。據清代(dai)《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣志》記(ji)載(zai):“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比戶皆畜(chu),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)卵甲(jia)他縣,皮(pi)有(you)紅(hong)白之殊(shu),雄(xiong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)者高(gao)尺許,長冠(guan)巨(ju)爪(zhua),為(wei)一(yi)(yi)邑特(te)產(chan)”。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)上(shang)海瑯山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)黃雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、河南固始(shi)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同(tong)稱為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)四(si)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)負盛名,歷(li)史(shi)最(zui)悠久,它是唯一(yi)(yi)被載(zai)入(ru)(ru)(ru)《大(da)不(bu)(bu)列(lie)顛(dian)百科(ke)(ke)全(quan)書(shu)—品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卷(juan)》的(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據1956年(nian)科(ke)(ke)學出版(ban)社出版(ban),由(you)趙(zhao)希斌編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)《家(jia)(jia)禽(qin)》一(yi)(yi)書(shu)記(ji)載(zai),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1953年(nian)、1954年(nian),曾運往蘇聯展(zhan)覽(lan)或作交換品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。1959年(nian)10月,在(zai)(zai)(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)華(hua)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)學研(yan)究所品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調查的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市稻田鎮建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)慈倫雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場,開(kai)展(zhan)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)提純(chun)復壯工作。20世(shi)紀(ji)(ji)80年(nian)代(dai)末期(qi),隨著(zhu)(zhu)養雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生產(chan)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量引進,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)養殖(zhi)受到(dao)(dao)巨(ju)大(da)沖擊。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數量大(da)幅(fu)度(du)減少,造(zao)成(cheng)多年(nian)封鎖繁(fan)育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)近親繁(fan)殖(zhi)現象(xiang),生產(chan)力明(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低(di),甚至到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)瀕(bin)臨(lin)滅(mie)絕的(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣。在(zai)(zai)(zai)此情況(kuang)下,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈倫種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場多方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)籌集(ji)資金,硬(ying)是把壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)存了(le)(le)下來(lai)。一(yi)(yi)個場子堅持保(bao)護一(yi)(yi)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近50年(nian),這在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)數不(bu)(bu)多。吳常(chang)信院(yuan)士考察(cha)(cha)指導時(shi)給(gei)予(yu)(yu)(yu)了(le)(le)高(gao)度(du)評價(jia),認為(wei)這是一(yi)(yi)件了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)事情。1998年(nian)以(yi)來(lai),各級(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)府、上(shang)級(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務主管部(bu)門及科(ke)(ke)研(yan)單位(wei)對壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作給(gei)予(yu)(yu)(yu)了(le)(le)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視。1999年(nian),吳常(chang)信院(yuan)士與(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫局領導在(zai)(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市領導陪同(tong)下到(dao)(dao)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈倫種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場考察(cha)(cha)指導工作,當即(ji)拍板(ban)定(ding)案:三(san)年(nian)時(shi)間內(nei)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫總站和(he)(he)(he)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市政(zheng)(zheng)府按照(zhao)1:2:3的(de)(de)(de)比例給(gei)予(yu)(yu)(yu)配套(tao)(tao)資金用于壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數量由(you)500套(tao)(tao)擴大(da)到(dao)(dao)3000套(tao)(tao),品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量得到(dao)(dao)恢(hui)復,也為(wei)其(qi)開(kai)發(fa)利用奠定(ding)了(le)(le)堅實基礎。1999年(nian),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)優(you)(you)良(liang)肉雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)開(kai)發(fa)項目,為(wei)項目提供(gong)核(he)心育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)素(su)材。2003年(nian)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)事業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)單位(wei)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)推廣(guang)項目,與(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)學院(yuan)家(jia)(jia)禽(qin)所協作,進行地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)優(you)(you)良(liang)家(jia)(jia)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高(gao)效生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)推廣(guang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)省(sheng)推廣(guang)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)父母(mu)代(dai)2.1萬套(tao)(tao),商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)代(dai)280萬只,向周(zhou)邊(bian)省(sheng)市推廣(guang)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)代(dai)70余萬只,取得了(le)(le)顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)和(he)(he)(he)社會效益(yi),步入(ru)(ru)(ru)了(le)(le)優(you)(you)質肉雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)軌道。該(gai)(gai)項目獲得農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)豐收獎(jiang)二等(deng)獎(jiang)。2004年(nian)12月23日,山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)質量技(ji)術(shu)監督局發(fa)布山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)標(biao)準(DB37/T516—2004)“壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,該(gai)(gai)標(biao)準規定(ding)了(le)(le)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)性,該(gai)(gai)標(biao)準適用于壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑒定(ding)。
三.地域范圍
壽光(guang)雞分布在山東省壽光(guang)市境內的圣城、文(wen)家(jia)、孫家(jia)集、洛(luo)城、古城五個街(jie)道辦事處,稻田、侯(hou)鎮(zhen)、上口、田柳、營里、羊(yang)口、化(hua)龍、紀臺、臺頭九個鎮(zhen),境內存(cun)養(yang)壽光(guang)雞 200萬余只。地(di)理坐標(biao)為東經118°32′00″~119°10′00″,北(bei)緯36°41′00″~37°19′00″。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
1、體型外貌特征:壽光(guang)雞體軀高(gao)大,紅(hong)(hong)冠,黑(hei)嘴、黑(hei)羽、黑(hei)腿,白皮(pi)膚,蛋殼顏色為紅(hong)(hong)褐(he)色。
a體(ti)型:壽光雞(ji)體(ti)軀高(gao)大(da)(da),骨骼(ge)粗(cu)壯,體(ti)長(chang)胸深,背寬(kuan)(kuan)平直,腿高(gao)而(er)粗(cu),腳(jiao)爪大(da)(da)而(er)堅實。分為大(da)(da)、中兩(liang)個品系(xi)。大(da)(da)型雞(ji)腿高(gao),體(ti)長(chang),背稍(shao)窄,頭較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da),眼稍(shao)凹,面(mian)部較(jiao)(jiao)粗(cu)糙(cao),屬(shu)肉蛋兼用(yong)型。中型體(ti)重稍(shao)小于(yu)大(da)(da)型雞(ji),背寬(kuan)(kuan),腿較(jiao)(jiao)矮,頭大(da)(da)小適(shi)中,眼大(da)(da)靈活,面(mian)部較(jiao)(jiao)細(xi)致清秀(xiu),屬(shu)蛋肉兼用(yong)型。
b外(wai)貌(mao)特征:全身黑(hei)羽,并閃有(you)金屬光澤,尾有(you)長短之分。單冠,冠有(you)大(da)小之分,冠、髯、耳葉、臉均為紅色(se)(se),眼大(da)靈活(huo),虹彩黑(hei)褐色(se)(se),喙、脛、爪為黑(hei)色(se)(se),皮(pi)膚(fu)為白色(se)(se)。
2、內在品質(zhi):壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)皮下脂肪(fang)分布均勻,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)嫩(nen);肌(ji)間(jian)脂肪(fang)、肌(ji)甘酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)較高(gao),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)香,風味(wei)獨特(te)。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)的理化特(te)性(xing):水(shui)(shui)分(%)≥70.6、65℃干燥失重(%)≥70.7、蛋白質(zhi)(%)20.3-29.61、鈣(㎎/㎏)5.2-6.0、氨基酸總和(he)(g/100g)15.6-20.6。根據(ju)山東(dong)農業大(da)學李同樹教授對壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)分析,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)與中型蛋雞(ji)(ji)(ji)黃(huang)金(jin)褐父(fu)母代雞(ji)(ji)(ji)相比,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)具有腿肌(ji)發達(da),肉(rou)(rou)色較深(shen),肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)系(xi)水(shui)(shui)力(li)和(he)熟(shu)肉(rou)(rou)率高(gao),肌(ji)纖維較細(xi)的突出優點。與AA肉(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)相比,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)水(shui)(shui)分含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)低,蛋白質(zhi)較高(gao),特(te)別是肌(ji)間(jian)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)明顯優于AA肉(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji),這(zhe)是壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)香的主要原因。總體上講,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)色良好(hao),系(xi)水(shui)(shui)力(li)較高(gao),嫩(nen)度適宜,而且肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)中風味(wei)成分肌(ji)苷酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)較高(gao)。
3、質量安全要(yao)求:壽(shou)光雞生產(chan)嚴格按《NY5032-2006無公害食品畜禽(qin)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)和飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)添加劑使(shi)用準則(ze)》、《NY5030-2006無公害食品畜禽(qin)飼(si)(si)養獸藥使(shi)用準則(ze)》執行。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產地選擇與特殊內容規定(ding):壽光(guang)雞(ji)生活(huo)在壽光(guang)彌河流域,境內環境無污染,境內飲用(yong)水、大(da)氣土壤均(jun)符合國家標準。壽光(guang)市位于(yu)渤海(hai)灣南岸的沖積平原,水灌條件較(jiao)好,農(nong)作物主要有(you)小麥、玉米、高(gao)梁、大(da)豆、谷(gu)子、甘薯等。這一帶地靠(kao)海(hai)濱,魚(yu)、蝦、貝(bei)殼較(jiao)多,養雞(ji)飼料(liao)資源豐富。
2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定(ding)要(yao)(yao)求:壽光(guang)市(shi)重視(shi)壽光(guang)雞(ji)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu),對該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)以本(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu),采用家系(xi)等量留種(zhong)(zhong)、家系(xi)間循環交(jiao)配(pei),品(pin)(pin)(pin)系(xi)間橫(heng)向固定(ding)、縱向提高的(de)(de)方式選育(yu)選配(pei)。選擇的(de)(de)性(xing)狀母(mu)雞(ji)重點進(jin)(jin)行產(chan)蛋(dan)量、蛋(dan)殼質量、開產(chan)日齡(ling)、早期增重速度(du)、受精率等幾(ji)個性(xing)狀的(de)(de)選擇,公(gong)雞(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行增重速度(du)的(de)(de)選擇。養(yang)殖企業堅(jian)持自繁(fan)自養(yang),不(bu)近(jin)親雜交(jiao),確(que)保(bao)了本(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特有(you)遺傳性(xing)能的(de)(de)穩定(ding)。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
1、包(bao)(bao)裝:包(bao)(bao)裝材料應(ying)符合GB11680和GB9687的規(gui)定。包(bao)(bao)裝物使用無毒油墨印刷。
2、標(biao)識:標(biao)志(zhi)使用(yong)人(ren)應在其(qi)產(chan)品或其(qi)包(bao)裝上統一使用(yong)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(壽光雞(ji)和公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注(zhu)型式)。
3、運(yun)輸:公路(lu)、水路(lu)運(yun)輸應使用符(fu)合衛生要求的冷(leng)藏車(船)或保溫(wen)車,鐵路(lu)運(yun)輸按(an)國家有關(guan)規(gui)定執行。