一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)省首個(ge)通過農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)登(deng)記的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省地方優良山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。它是(shi)(shi)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)條件(jian)下形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)肉、絨(rong)、毛(mao)、皮多用(yong)型品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。具有(you)體(ti)格大(da)(da)(da)(da)、耐粗飼、適應(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能高(gao)(gao)、體(ti)貌統一(yi)(yi)、遺傳性(xing)能穩(wen)定、肉絨(rong)兼(jian)用(yong)等特(te)點。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量高(gao)(gao)、光澤(ze)好(hao)、強(qiang)度大(da)(da)(da)(da)、手感柔(rou)軟(ruan);肉質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色澤(ze)鮮紅、細嫩(nen)、味(wei)(wei)道(dao)鮮美、膻味(wei)(wei)小(xiao),是(shi)(shi)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)蛋白(bai)、低(di)脂(zhi)肪、富含(han)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養保健食(shi)品(pin)(pin)。將屠宰洗凈后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)帶骨(gu)分(fen)割,把切碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉塊、頭、蹄(ti)、內臟一(yi)(yi)同下鍋(guo),放(fang)以(yi)蔥(cong)、姜(jiang)、食(shi)鹽、花椒等,用(yong)木柴煮熟(shu),這就是(shi)(shi)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”多次被(bei)評為山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省名(ming)小(xiao)吃、淄博市名(ming)小(xiao)吃,入(ru)口(kou)時佐以(yi)醋、香菜,肉味(wei)(wei)鮮美、適口(kou),百吃不厭(yan)。“大(da)(da)(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”是(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)招(zhao)待(dai)客人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)禮節。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣(xian),山(shan)(shan)(shan)東生態高(gao)(gao)地,境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,溝壑縱橫,河流眾多,水質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)pH在(zai)7.9-8.2之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),礦化度在(zai)116-508毫克(ke)/升(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),生態環(huan)境獨特(te),為沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提供了最(zui)(zui)佳生存(cun)環(huan)境。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草食(shi)家畜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)放(fang)牧成(cheng)為沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方式,特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養造就了沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)抗病耐粗、適應(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)、體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)健壯(zhuang)、善攀登(deng)、善運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有(you)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。老百姓自豪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說:我們養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜“吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)百草丹(dan),喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉水,住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)別墅,當然(ran)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就是(shi)(shi)比其他地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棒”。養殖業(ye)是(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二大(da)(da)(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye),其中沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)年存(cun)欄13萬只左右(you),占養殖業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以(yi)上。改革開放(fang)以(yi)來,沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)加大(da)(da)(da)(da)了對沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提純復壯(zhuang)選(xuan)育(yu)力(li)度,1984年被(bei)列為山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省科技(ji)攻關項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu),并開始大(da)(da)(da)(da)規模專(zhuan)心選(xuan)育(yu),取得了豐碩成(cheng)果(guo),研究(jiu)成(cheng)果(guo)載入(ru)《中國(guo)技(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)果(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)全(quan)(quan)》。2009年,被(bei)國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部登(deng)記為地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保護產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)省第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)地標(biao)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。為加快沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)化、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化發展(zhan),組建(jian)了沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)工程技(ji)術(shu)研究(jiu)中心和沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場,對黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)提純復壯(zhuang),建(jian)成(cheng)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育(yu)示范基(ji)地10處(chu),新(xin)建(jian)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)擴繁場1處(chu)。2013年,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)畜牧總站將沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列入(ru)畜禽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu),納入(ru)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活體(ti)基(ji)因庫(ku),為沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)選(xuan)育(yu)推廣(guang)奠(dian)定了堅實基(ji)礎。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情況;土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)(lei)型(xing)為棕壤、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)三大類(lei)(lei),地(di)形復雜,適宜多種動植物的(de)生(sheng)長。地(di)貌類(lei)(lei)型(xing)較多,主要有中山(shan)(shan)、低山(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)和山(shan)(shan)前(qian)傾斜平地(di)。
2、水文情況:沂(yi)源縣地勢高,無客水過境(jing)(jing)。沂(yi)河、彌河、汶河均(jun)發源于(yu)境(jing)(jing)內,形成(cheng)3條水系,以(yi)沂(yi)河水系最(zui)大。境(jing)(jing)內有大小河流(liu)1530條,其中沂(yi)河流(liu)經(jing)山東(dong)、江蘇(su)8縣市,沂(yi)源境(jing)(jing)內全(quan)長84.6公里。全(quan)縣水資源總(zong)量8.1億立方(fang)米,且(qie)水質好(hao),pH在(zai)7.9-8.2之(zhi)間(jian),礦化度在(zai)116-508毫克/升之(zhi)間(jian),總(zong)硬度在(zai)3.3-10.8度之(zhi)間(jian),適于(yu)人畜飲用。縣域內工業企業廢(fei)水均(jun)達標排(pai)放(fang)。
3、氣候(hou)情況:沂源(yuan)縣屬暖溫帶季(ji)風區域大陸性半濕潤氣候(hou),四(si)季(ji)分明,年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫11.9℃,無霜期189天,平(ping)(ping)均日照時數2660.6小(xiao)時,年平(ping)(ping)均降雨量720.8毫米。光(guang)能資源(yuan)居(ju)全(quan)省(sheng)之首,光(guang)照百分率為全(quan)國(guo)之冠。
4、人文歷史情況:養羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產(chan)是(shi)沂(yi)源(yuan)人民的(de)傳統(tong)產(chan)業,沂(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)我縣固(gu)有優勢畜種(zhong),是(shi)當(dang)地(di)農(nong)民收入的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)來源(yuan)。據調查,當(dang)地(di)用群(qun)羊(yang)(yang)臥地(di)肥田,喜(xi)食(shi)大(da)(da)鍋全羊(yang)(yang)和利用板皮制作裘衣御(yu)寒的(de)習(xi)俗(su),是(shi)該品種(zhong)形成的(de)因素。該品種(zhong)具有抗病耐粗、適(shi)(shi)(shi)應性強(qiang)、體(ti)質(zhi)健壯、善攀登、適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜山(shan)區(qu)放(fang)牧(mu)的(de)特性,可終年(nian)(nian)放(fang)牧(mu)。1979年(nian)(nian)沂(yi)源(yuan)縣組織對沂(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)狀況進(jin)行調查,1980年(nian)(nian)縣科(ke)委(wei)立項開(kai)始對沂(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)進(jin)行選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)。在(zai)1983年(nian)(nian)階段性鑒定基礎上,1984年(nian)(nian)被列為山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科(ke)技攻關項目,開(kai)始大(da)(da)規模選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu),課(ke)題(ti)研(yan)究以本品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)提高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)性能為主線,對選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)技術(shu)及相關條件進(jin)行了全方位的(de)探索,取得(de)了突破性進(jin)展(zhan),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)出了體(ti)格大(da)(da)、耐粗飼、適(shi)(shi)(shi)應性強(qiang)、生(sheng)產(chan)性能高(gao)、體(ti)形體(ti)貌(mao)統(tong)一(yi)、遺傳性能穩定的(de)肉、絨兼(jian)用的(de)沂(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang),課(ke)題(ti)研(yan)究成果(guo)(guo)獲山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科(ke)技進(jin)步(bu)(bu)三等(deng)獎(jiang),淄(zi)博市科(ke)技進(jin)步(bu)(bu)一(yi)等(deng)獎(jiang),載入《中國(guo)技術(shu)成果(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)全》。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山羊(yang)分布(bu)在山東省(sheng)中部沂(yi)蒙山腹地(di)的(de)沂(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)境內(nei)的(de)南(nan)麻(ma)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、土門鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、魯(lu)村鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、徐家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大張莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、燕崖鄉(xiang)(xiang)、中莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張家(jia)(jia)坡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)、悅莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和三(san)岔鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),是山東省(sheng)海拔最高的(de)地(di)方(fang),有(you)“山東屋脊”之稱。現有(you)沂(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山羊(yang)35萬余只(zhi)。地(di)理位置:地(di)處東經117°54′-118°31′,北緯35°55′-36°23′,海拔400-700米(mi)。
四.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外(wai)在感官特征:沂蒙黑山羊羊肉肉質(zhi)細嫩,味(wei)美多(duo)汁,膻味(wei)小,食(shi)用時味(wei)香而(er)不膩口。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao):沂(yi)蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的肉(rou)(rou)營養豐富且羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)柔軟(ruan)易于(yu)消化。與不同類羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)含(han)(han)相比(bi)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高且脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)低。鈣(gai)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)普(pu)通羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)1.2g/100g,沂(yi)蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)為(wei)3.2g/100g;鐵含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)普(pu)通羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)2.3mg/kg,沂(yi)蒙(meng)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)10.0mg/kg;脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)普(pu)通羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)4g/100g,沂(yi)蒙(meng)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)2.82g/100g;蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)普(pu)通羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)18g/100g,沂(yi)蒙(meng)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)20.9g/100g.是肉(rou)(rou)食中(zhong)的佳(jia)品(pin),在國際市場上有(you)一(yi)定聲(sheng)譽。
3、安全要(yao)求:明確登記產品市場(chang)準入所(suo)遵循的國家強制性技術規范名稱、具體內容和(he)相關法(fa)律法(fa)規規定。中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國國家標準GB9961-2001《鮮凍胴體羊肉(rou)(rou)》和(he) 中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國農(nong)業(ye)行業(ye)標準NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊肉(rou)(rou)》。
五.特(te)定(ding)生產方式
1、產地選擇與特殊(shu)內容規定:沂源縣(xian)境內山巒起(qi)伏(fu),溝壑(he)縱橫,氣候(hou)溫和,雨量充沛,林木茂密,飼(si)料(liao)飼(si)草資源豐富。沂蒙黑(hei)山羊(yang)善攀登、不耐舍飼(si),以常年放牧自由采食為主(zhu)。沂源縣(xian)獨(du)特的(de)地質地貌、氣候(hou)條(tiao)件和飼(si)料(liao)飼(si)草資源為沂蒙黑(hei)山羊(yang)的(de)發展提供了廣闊的(de)前景。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特定(ding)要求:沂(yi)源縣重視沂(yi)蒙黑(hei)山羊(yang)(yang)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu),對該品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)以本品(pin)種(zhong)為(wei)主。高性能種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)存欄多,農(nong)民(min)重視選(xuan)種(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu),堅持自繁自養(yang),不近(jin)親(qin)雜交,確保了本品(pin)種(zhong)特有(you)遺傳性能的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)。
3、生(sheng)產過程(cheng)管理(li),包括農業投入品方面的(de)(de)特殊使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding):飼草(cao)飼料(liao):以天然(ran)飼草(cao)為(wei)主(zhu),僅在大雪封地(di)不能(neng)進(jin)(jin)山時,酌情補(bu)飼。每只(zhi)羊(yang)(yang)每年需天然(ran)草(cao)場5畝左(zuo)右(you),每天采(cai)食量相當于羊(yang)(yang)自(zi)身(shen)體(ti)重的(de)(de)10%左(zuo)右(you)。一般不補(bu)精料(liao),只(zhi)是(shi)在母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)產后、公羊(yang)(yang)配種期(qi)(qi)(qi)需補(bu)部分精料(liao)。飲水(shui):山泉水(shui)、河水(shui)或自(zi)來水(shui),水(shui)質符(fu)(fu)合NY5027的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。疫(yi)苗和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):按免疫(yi)程(cheng)序嚴(yan)格進(jin)(jin)行規(gui)定(ding)(ding)動物(wu)(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)免疫(yi),羊(yang)(yang)群的(de)(de)免疫(yi)符(fu)(fu)合NY5149的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding);防(fang)疫(yi)器械(xie)在免疫(yi)前后知(zhi)徹底消毒。獸藥(yao)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):治(zhi)療使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)劑時,應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。后期(qi)(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)治(zhi)療時,應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)執行休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。發生(sheng)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)種羊(yang)(yang)在使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)治(zhi)療時,在治(zhi)療期(qi)(qi)(qi)或達不到(dao)休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)不應(ying)(ying)作為(wei)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)淘(tao)汰羊(yang)(yang)出售。羊(yang)(yang)只(zhi)管理(li):選(xuan)擇高效、安全的(de)(de)抗寄生(sheng)蟲藥(yao),定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)羊(yang)(yang)只(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行驅蟲、藥(yao)浴(yu)。滅(mie)(mie)鼠、滅(mie)(mie)蚊蠅(ying):定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)點(dian)投入滅(mie)(mie)鼠藥(yao),及時收集死鼠及殘余鼠藥(yao),并(bing)做深(shen)埋處理(li)。消除水(shui)坑等蚊蠅(ying)孽生(sheng)地(di),定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)噴灑消毒藥(yao)。衛(wei)生(sheng)消毒:選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)消毒劑應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)舍周(zhou)圍環境定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2%火(huo)堿或撒生(sheng)石灰(hui)消毒。每批(pi)羊(yang)(yang)只(zhi)出欄(lan)后,要徹底清掃羊(yang)(yang)舍,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴霧、火(huo)焰消毒。定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)分娩欄(lan)、補(bu)料(liao)槽等用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具進(jin)(jin)行消毒。定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行帶羊(yang)(yang)消毒,減少環境中的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)原(yuan)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)。疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)監測:畜牧獸醫部門依照《動物(wu)(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)法(fa)》制定(ding)(ding)監測方案(an),并(bing)組織實施。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)死羊(yang)(yang)處理(li):對(dui)可(ke)疑(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)隔離觀察、確診。有使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)隔離、治(zhi)療,徹底治(zhi)愈后,才(cai)能(neng)歸群。因傳染病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)其(qi)他需要處死的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang),應(ying)(ying)在指定(ding)(ding)地(di)點(dian)撲殺,尸(shi)體(ti)進(jin)(jin)行無害化處理(li)。
4、產品收獲、屠(tu)宰、捕撈及(ji)產后處理的(de)規定:屠(tu)宰加工:放血(xue)要完全;剝皮(pi)(pi)、去(qu)(qu)頭、蹄(ti)、內臟(腎臟除(chu)外)、大血(xue)管(guan)、乳(ru)房(fang)、生殖器(qi);去(qu)(qu)三(san)腺;修割整齊,沖洗干(gan)凈(jing),無(wu)病變(bian)組織、無(wu)傷斑、無(wu)殘留(liu)小(xiao)片(pian)皮(pi)(pi)、無(wu)浮行(xing)、無(wu)糞污、無(wu)膽污、泥污和血(xue)凝塊。
5、生產(chan)記(ji)錄要求:生產(chan)記(ji)錄包括羊只來源、配(pei)種、產(chan)羔、哺(bu)乳、斷奶(nai)、增重、疫病防治、出售(shou)等,上(shang)述資料最少保留三年(nian)。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定(ding)
(1)分(fen)級(ji)(ji):鮮、凍胴體(ti)羊(yang)肉(rou)分(fen)為:一(yi)級(ji)(ji)、二(er)級(ji)(ji)和三級(ji)(ji)。一(yi)級(ji)(ji):外觀(guan)及(ji)肉(rou)質肌肉(rou)豐(feng)滿(man)(man)(man)。骨骼不突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(小尾羊(yang)肩(jian)隆(long)(long)部(bu)之脊(ji)椎骨尖稍突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu))。二(er)級(ji)(ji):皮下脂肪布滿(man)(man)(man)全身(脂肪層(ceng)較薄),臀部(bu)脂肪豐(feng)滿(man)(man)(man)肌肉(rou)發(fa)育良好。除(chu)肩(jian)隆(long)(long)部(bu)及(ji)頸(jing)部(bu)脊(ji)椎骨尖稍突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)外,其他部(bu)位骨骼均不突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)。三級(ji)(ji):皮下脂肪布滿(man)(man)(man)全身,肩(jian)頸(jing)部(bu)脂肪層(ceng)較薄肌肉(rou)發(fa)育一(yi)般。骨骼稍顯突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu),胴體(ti)表面帶有薄層(ceng)脂肪,肩(jian)部(bu)、頸(jing)部(bu)、薦部(bu)及(ji)臀部(bu)肌膜(mo)突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)。
2、包裝(zhuang):包裝(zhuang)材料(liao)應(ying)符(fu)合GB11680和GB9687的規定。包裝(zhuang)物使用(yong)無毒油墨印刷(shua)。標(biao)(biao)志使用(yong)人(ren)應(ying)在其(qi)產品或包裝(zhuang)上(shang)統(tong)一使用(yong)農產品地理標(biao)(biao)志(‘沂源黑山羊(yang)’名稱和公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)(biao)注型(xing)式)。
3、標識:在每(mei)只羊胴體的(de)臀部加(jia)蓋檢(jian)疫檢(jian)驗(yan)驗(yan)訖和等(deng)級印戳(chuo),字跡應(ying)清晰,印色用食品(pin)(pin)級色素配制。銷售和運輸包裝(zhuang)物應(ying)標注沂源黑山羊標志(zhi),并標明產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱、數(shu)量、產(chan)地、包裝(zhuang)日期、生產(chan)單位(wei)、保質期、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量、執行標準代號等(deng)級等(deng)內容。不符合本標準的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),其產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱不得使用含有(you)“沂源黑山羊”(包括連(lian)續或斷開)的(de)名稱。
4、貯(zhu)存(cun):冷(leng)(leng)卻羊(yang)(yang)肉應吊掛在(zai)相對濕度(du)(du)75-84%,溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)0-1℃的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻間(jian),肉體之間(jian)的(de)距離保持3-5cm。冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)羊(yang)(yang)肉應吊掛在(zai)相對濕度(du)(du)95-100%,溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)-18℃的(de)冷(leng)(leng)藏間(jian),冷(leng)(leng)藏間(jian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)一晝夜升(sheng)降幅度(du)(du)不得超過1℃。
5、運(yun)輸:公路(lu)、水路(lu)運(yun)輸應使用(yong)符合衛(wei)生(sheng)要(yao)求的冷藏車(船)或保溫車,鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸按國家(jia)有關規定執(zhi)行(xing)。