一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)省(sheng)首個(ge)通過農業(ye)部(bu)(bu)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)登記的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)地(di)方優良(liang)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)種。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)在山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)特(te)(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然條件下形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)肉(rou)、絨、毛、皮多用(yong)型(xing)品(pin)(pin)種。具有(you)體(ti)格大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、耐粗飼、適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)性強(qiang)、生產(chan)性能(neng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、體(ti)貌統一(yi)(yi)、遺傳(chuan)性能(neng)穩定(ding)、肉(rou)絨兼用(yong)等(deng)特(te)(te)點。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨質量高(gao)(gao)(gao)、光(guang)澤好、強(qiang)度(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、手感柔軟;肉(rou)質色(se)澤鮮紅、細嫩、味(wei)道鮮美、膻味(wei)小,是(shi)(shi)(shi)理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)蛋白、低脂肪、富含多種氨基酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養保(bao)健食品(pin)(pin)。將(jiang)(jiang)屠宰(zai)洗凈(jing)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)帶骨分割,把切(qie)碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)塊、頭、蹄、內(nei)臟(zang)一(yi)(yi)同下鍋(guo),放(fang)以(yi)(yi)蔥(cong)、姜、食鹽、花椒等(deng),用(yong)木柴煮熟,這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”多次被評為(wei)山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)名小吃(chi)、淄(zi)博市名小吃(chi),入(ru)口時佐以(yi)(yi)醋、香菜,肉(rou)味(wei)鮮美、適(shi)(shi)口,百(bai)(bai)(bai)吃(chi)不厭。“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)招待(dai)客(ke)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)禮節。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣,山(shan)(shan)東生態(tai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di),境內(nei)山(shan)(shan)巒起伏,溝壑縱橫,河流眾多,水質pH在7.9-8.2之(zhi)間(jian),礦化(hua)度(du)在116-508毫克/升之(zhi)間(jian),生態(tai)環(huan)境獨特(te)(te),為(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提(ti)供了(le)最(zui)佳生存環(huan)境。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)食家(jia)畜,山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)放(fang)牧成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方式,特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養造就了(le)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)抗病耐粗、適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)性強(qiang)、體(ti)質健壯、善(shan)攀登、善(shan)運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)有(you)品(pin)(pin)質。老(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓自(zi)豪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說:我們養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜“吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)草(cao)丹,喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)泉水,住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)別墅,當然牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質就是(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棒”。養殖業(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二(er)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)產(chan)業(ye),其(qi)中(zhong)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)年(nian)存欄(lan)13萬只左右(you),占養殖業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以(yi)(yi)上。改革開放(fang)以(yi)(yi)來,沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)了(le)對沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)純復(fu)壯選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)力度(du),1984年(nian)被列(lie)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)科(ke)技攻關項目,并開始大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)規模專心選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu),取得了(le)豐碩成(cheng)(cheng)果,研(yan)究成(cheng)(cheng)果載入(ru)《中(zhong)國技術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)全(quan)》。2009年(nian),被國家(jia)農業(ye)部(bu)(bu)登記為(wei)地(di)理標志(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)省(sheng)第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)標畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。為(wei)加(jia)快沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)牌化(hua)、產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展,組建(jian)(jian)了(le)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)工程技術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究中(zhong)心和沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原種場,對黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進一(yi)(yi)步提(ti)純復(fu)壯,建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)種繁育(yu)示范基地(di)10處,新(xin)建(jian)(jian)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)擴繁場1處。2013年(nian),全(quan)國畜牧總站將(jiang)(jiang)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入(ru)畜禽(qin)種質資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)項目,納入(ru)全(quan)國山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活體(ti)基因庫(ku),為(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)推廣奠定(ding)了(le)堅實基礎。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土壤地(di)(di)貌情況;土壤類型(xing)(xing)為棕壤、褐土、潮土三大(da)類,地(di)(di)形(xing)復雜,適宜(yi)多種動植物的生(sheng)長。地(di)(di)貌類型(xing)(xing)較多,主要(yao)有中山、低山、丘陵和(he)山前(qian)傾斜平地(di)(di)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:沂源(yuan)縣地勢高(gao),無客水(shui)(shui)(shui)過境。沂河、彌河、汶河均(jun)發源(yuan)于(yu)境內(nei)(nei),形成(cheng)3條水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,以沂河水(shui)(shui)(shui)系最大(da)。境內(nei)(nei)有(you)大(da)小河流(liu)1530條,其中沂河流(liu)經山東、江(jiang)蘇8縣市(shi),沂源(yuan)境內(nei)(nei)全長84.6公里。全縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總量8.1億(yi)立方米,且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好,pH在(zai)7.9-8.2之(zhi)間,礦(kuang)化度在(zai)116-508毫(hao)克/升之(zhi)間,總硬(ying)度在(zai)3.3-10.8度之(zhi)間,適于(yu)人畜飲用(yong)。縣域內(nei)(nei)工業企業廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)達標排放。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:沂源縣(xian)屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)季風區域(yu)大陸性(xing)半濕(shi)潤氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),四季分明,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫11.9℃,無霜期189天,平均(jun)日照(zhao)時數2660.6小時,年(nian)平均(jun)降雨量720.8毫(hao)米。光(guang)能資(zi)源居(ju)全(quan)省之首(shou),光(guang)照(zhao)百分率為(wei)全(quan)國之冠。
4、人文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:養(yang)羊(yang)生產是(shi)(shi)沂源人民的(de)傳統產業,沂蒙黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)是(shi)(shi)我縣固有優勢畜種(zhong),是(shi)(shi)當(dang)地(di)農民收入的(de)重要(yao)來源。據(ju)調查,當(dang)地(di)用群羊(yang)臥地(di)肥田,喜食大鍋全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)和(he)利用板皮制作裘(qiu)衣御寒的(de)習俗(su),是(shi)(shi)該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)形成的(de)因素。該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)具有抗病(bing)耐(nai)粗、適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、體(ti)質(zhi)健壯、善攀登、適宜山(shan)(shan)區放牧(mu)的(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),可(ke)終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)沂源縣組織對(dui)沂蒙黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)狀(zhuang)況進(jin)(jin)行調查,1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)縣科(ke)(ke)委立項開始(shi)對(dui)沂蒙黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)進(jin)(jin)行選育(yu)。在1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)階段性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑒定(ding)基(ji)礎上(shang),1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被列(lie)為山(shan)(shan)東省科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)攻關(guan)項目(mu),開始(shi)大規(gui)模選育(yu),課(ke)題研究以本品(pin)種(zhong)選育(yu)提高(gao)生產性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)為主線(xian),對(dui)選育(yu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)及相關(guan)條件進(jin)(jin)行了(le)全(quan)(quan)方位(wei)的(de)探(tan)索,取得了(le)突(tu)破性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)展,選育(yu)出了(le)體(ti)格大、耐(nai)粗飼、適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、生產性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)高(gao)、體(ti)形體(ti)貌統一、遺傳性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)的(de)肉、絨(rong)兼(jian)用的(de)沂蒙黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang),課(ke)題研究成果獲山(shan)(shan)東省科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)步三(san)等獎,淄(zi)博市科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)步一等獎,載(zai)入《中國技(ji)(ji)術(shu)成果大全(quan)(quan)》。
三.地域范圍
沂源(yuan)黑山羊分布(bu)在山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省中部沂蒙山腹地的沂源(yuan)縣(xian)境(jing)內的南麻鎮(zhen)(zhen)、土門鎮(zhen)(zhen)、魯村鎮(zhen)(zhen)、徐家(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鄉(xiang)、大張莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、燕崖鄉(xiang)、中莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、西里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)里(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、張家(jia)坡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石橋鄉(xiang)、悅莊(zhuang)(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和三岔(cha)鄉(xiang)等13個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),是山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省海(hai)拔最(zui)高的地方,有“山東(dong)(dong)(dong)屋脊”之稱。現有沂源(yuan)黑山羊35萬余只。地理位置:地處(chu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經117°54′-118°31′,北緯35°55′-36°23′,海(hai)拔400-700米。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
1、外在感官特(te)征:沂蒙(meng)黑山羊羊肉肉質細嫩(nen),味美多汁,膻味小,食用(yong)時(shi)味香(xiang)而不(bu)膩口。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:沂蒙(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)營養豐富且羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)質柔軟易(yi)于消化(hua)。與(yu)不同類羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)含相比蛋白(bai)質含量(liang)高且脂肪含量(liang)低。鈣含量(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為1.2g/100g,沂蒙(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為3.2g/100g;鐵(tie)含量(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為2.3mg/kg,沂蒙(meng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為10.0mg/kg;脂肪含量(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為4g/100g,沂蒙(meng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為2.82g/100g;蛋白(bai)質含量(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為18g/100g,沂蒙(meng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為20.9g/100g.是肉(rou)(rou)(rou)食中的(de)佳品(pin),在(zai)國際市場上有一定聲譽。
3、安全要求:明(ming)確登記產品市場(chang)準入所(suo)遵循的國(guo)(guo)家強制性技術(shu)規(gui)范名稱、具體內容和(he)(he)相(xiang)關法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)規(gui)定。中(zhong)華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準GB9961-2001《鮮凍胴(dong)體羊肉》和(he)(he) 中(zhong)華人民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)農業行業標(biao)準NY5147-2002《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品羊肉》。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇與特殊內容規(gui)定:沂(yi)源縣(xian)境內山(shan)巒起伏(fu),溝壑縱橫(heng),氣候溫和,雨量充沛(pei),林木茂(mao)密,飼(si)料(liao)飼(si)草資源豐富。沂(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊(yang)善攀(pan)登、不(bu)耐舍飼(si),以(yi)常年放牧自由(you)采食為(wei)主。沂(yi)源縣(xian)獨特的地(di)質地(di)貌(mao)、氣候條件和飼(si)料(liao)飼(si)草資源為(wei)沂(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊(yang)的發(fa)展提供了廣闊(kuo)的前(qian)景。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定要求(qiu):沂(yi)源縣(xian)重視沂(yi)蒙黑山羊(yang)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)育,對該品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)育以本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)為主。高性能種(zhong)公羊(yang)存欄多,農(nong)民重視選(xuan)種(zhong)選(xuan)育,堅持自繁自養,不近親雜交,確保了本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)特(te)有遺傳性能的(de)穩定。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過程管理,包括(kuo)農業投(tou)入(ru)品方面的(de)(de)特殊使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding):飼(si)草飼(si)料:以天然飼(si)草為(wei)主,僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大雪(xue)封(feng)地不能進(jin)(jin)山時(shi)(shi),酌情補飼(si)。每(mei)(mei)只羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)(mei)年需(xu)天然草場5畝左右,每(mei)(mei)天采(cai)食量相當于(yu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)自(zi)身體重(zhong)的(de)(de)10%左右。一(yi)般不補精料,只是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)后、公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)配種(zhong)期(qi)需(xu)補部分精料。飲水(shui)(shui):山泉水(shui)(shui)、河(he)水(shui)(shui)或自(zi)來水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質符合(he)NY5027的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。疫(yi)(yi)苗(miao)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):按免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)程序(xu)嚴格進(jin)(jin)行(xing)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)動物(wu)疫(yi)(yi)病免(mian)疫(yi)(yi),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)的(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)符合(he)NY5149的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding);防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)器械在(zai)(zai)(zai)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)前后知徹(che)底(di)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)。獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):治療使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑時(shi)(shi),應(ying)符合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。后期(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治療時(shi)(shi),應(ying)根(gen)據所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)執(zhi)行(xing)休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)。發生(sheng)疾病的(de)(de)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治療時(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)治療期(qi)或達不到(dao)休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)的(de)(de)不應(ying)作為(wei)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)淘汰(tai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)出售。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只管理:選擇高(gao)效(xiao)、安全的(de)(de)抗寄生(sheng)蟲藥(yao)(yao)(yao),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只進(jin)(jin)行(xing)驅蟲、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)浴(yu)。滅鼠(shu)、滅蚊蠅(ying)(ying):定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)點(dian)投(tou)入(ru)滅鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),及時(shi)(shi)收(shou)集死(si)鼠(shu)及殘余鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),并(bing)做深埋處理。消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)水(shui)(shui)坑等蚊蠅(ying)(ying)孽生(sheng)地,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)噴(pen)灑消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。衛生(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du):選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)劑應(ying)符合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)周圍環境(jing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2%火堿或撒生(sheng)石(shi)灰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)。每(mei)(mei)批羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只出欄(lan)后,要徹(che)底(di)清掃羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)霧、火焰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)分娩欄(lan)、補料槽等用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)帶羊(yang)(yang)(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du),減少環境(jing)中的(de)(de)病原微生(sheng)物(wu)。疫(yi)(yi)病監(jian)測:畜(chu)牧獸(shou)醫部門依照《動物(wu)防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)法》制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)監(jian)測方案(an),并(bing)組織實施。病死(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)處理:對(dui)(dui)(dui)可疑病羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)隔(ge)離觀察(cha)、確診。有(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)價值的(de)(de)病羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)隔(ge)離、治療,徹(che)底(di)治愈后,才能歸群(qun)。因傳(chuan)染病和(he)其他需(xu)要處死(si)的(de)(de)病羊(yang)(yang)(yang),應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)地點(dian)撲殺(sha),尸(shi)體進(jin)(jin)行(xing)無害(hai)化處理。
4、產品收(shou)獲、屠(tu)宰、捕撈及產后(hou)處理的(de)規定:屠(tu)宰加工(gong):放(fang)血(xue)要完全;剝皮、去頭(tou)、蹄(ti)、內臟(腎臟除外)、大血(xue)管、乳房、生(sheng)殖器;去三腺;修割整齊,沖洗(xi)干凈,無(wu)病變組織(zhi)、無(wu)傷斑、無(wu)殘留小(xiao)片皮、無(wu)浮行、無(wu)糞污、無(wu)膽污、泥污和血(xue)凝塊。
5、生產記(ji)錄要求:生產記(ji)錄包(bao)括(kuo)羊只來(lai)源、配(pei)種、產羔、哺乳、斷奶、增重、疫病防治、出(chu)售等(deng),上(shang)述資料最少保留三年。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關規定
(1)分級(ji)(ji):鮮、凍胴(dong)體羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)分為:一級(ji)(ji)、二(er)級(ji)(ji)和三級(ji)(ji)。一級(ji)(ji):外觀及(ji)肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)豐滿(man)(man)。骨(gu)骼不突出(小尾(wei)羊(yang)肩(jian)隆部之脊(ji)椎骨(gu)尖稍(shao)突出)。二(er)級(ji)(ji):皮下(xia)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)布滿(man)(man)全(quan)身(shen)(脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)層較(jiao)薄),臀(tun)部脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)豐滿(man)(man)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)發育(yu)良好。除(chu)肩(jian)隆部及(ji)頸部脊(ji)椎骨(gu)尖稍(shao)突出外,其(qi)他(ta)部位骨(gu)骼均不突出。三級(ji)(ji):皮下(xia)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)布滿(man)(man)全(quan)身(shen),肩(jian)頸部脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)層較(jiao)薄肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)發育(yu)一般(ban)。骨(gu)骼稍(shao)顯突出,胴(dong)體表(biao)面(mian)帶有薄層脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang),肩(jian)部、頸部、薦部及(ji)臀(tun)部肌(ji)膜突出。
2、包裝(zhuang):包裝(zhuang)材料應符合GB11680和GB9687的(de)規定。包裝(zhuang)物使用(yong)無毒油墨印刷。標志使用(yong)人應在其產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包裝(zhuang)上統(tong)一使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(‘沂源黑山羊’名稱和公(gong)共(gong)標識圖案組合標注型式)。
3、標識(shi):在每只羊(yang)胴體的臀部加蓋檢(jian)疫檢(jian)驗(yan)驗(yan)訖和等級印戳,字跡應(ying)(ying)清晰,印色(se)用食品級色(se)素配(pei)制。銷售和運輸包(bao)裝物應(ying)(ying)標注沂源黑山羊(yang)標志,并標明產(chan)(chan)品名稱、數量、產(chan)(chan)地、包(bao)裝日期、生產(chan)(chan)單位、保(bao)質(zhi)(zhi)期、產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量、執行(xing)標準代號等級等內容。不(bu)符(fu)合本標準的產(chan)(chan)品,其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品名稱不(bu)得使用含有“沂源黑山羊(yang)”(包(bao)括連(lian)續或斷開)的名稱。
4、貯(zhu)存:冷(leng)卻羊(yang)肉應吊掛(gua)在(zai)相對(dui)濕度75-84%,溫度0-1℃的(de)冷(leng)卻間,肉體之間的(de)距離保(bao)持(chi)3-5cm。冷(leng)凍羊(yang)肉應吊掛(gua)在(zai)相對(dui)濕度95-100%,溫度-18℃的(de)冷(leng)藏(zang)(zang)間,冷(leng)藏(zang)(zang)間溫度一(yi)晝夜升降幅度不(bu)得(de)超過1℃。
5、運輸:公路、水路運輸應使(shi)用符合衛生要求的(de)冷藏車(船)或保溫車,鐵路運輸按(an)國家有關規定執行。