一.產品介紹
鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)位于黃(huang)海(hai)鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)灣畔,南靠嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),北臨(lin)溫泉,是一(yi)個(ge)文明(ming)(ming)、古老的(de)(de)(de)鄉鎮(zhen)。鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)古城自1388年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(明(ming)(ming)洪武二十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))初(chu)建到(dao)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)完全(quan)被拆除,前后經(jing)歷了(le)(le)565年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)設立后,直屬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東指(zhi)揮(hui)使(shi)(shi)司,它的(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)長官(guan)是指(zhi)揮(hui)使(shi)(shi),官(guan)至正三品(pin),是全(quan)國(guo)(guo)二十四衛(wei)(wei)之(zhi)一(yi),具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)戰略地(di)(di)(di)(di)理位置。相傳(chuan)(chuan)白(bai)廟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)就(jiu)是明(ming)(ming)初(chu)設衛(wei)(wei)時(shi),由(you)(you)軍戶從外地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶來,并試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)成功。鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)轄(xia)區內現有(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)AAA級(ji)鶴山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)風景(jing)區、豹山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園、天柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大小管島(dao)(dao)等名(ming)牌(pai)旅游景(jing)點。近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)農業(ye)生產(chan)突飛猛進,出現了(le)(le)白(bai)廟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、鰲(ao)福綠茶等名(ming)牌(pai)農業(ye)特產(chan),揚名(ming)青島(dao)(dao)各地(di)(di)(di)(di)。傳(chuan)(chuan)說江(jiang)氏祖先江(jiang)榮(rong)于元末明(ming)(ming)初(chu)由(you)(you)淄博(bo)遷(qian)(qian)至即(ji)墨(mo),后遷(qian)(qian)至留村(cun)(cun)(cun)(今(jin)(jin)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)街道辦事處)西程(cheng)戈莊村(cun)(cun)(cun),再后一(yi)分支(zhi)江(jiang)正先遷(qian)(qian)至今(jin)(jin)鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)孫家(jia)(jia)(jia)白(bai)廟村(cun)(cun)(cun)居住。因當(dang)(dang)時(shi)兵(bing)荒馬(ma)亂(luan),缺少(shao)主食(shi),便從鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)用以(yi)(yi)充(chong)饑。由(you)(you)于當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水土(tu)適宜芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)生長,且芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)易種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)、耐儲藏,因而從零星種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),到(dao)成地(di)(di)(di)(di)域發展(zhan),芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)成為當(dang)(dang)時(shi)主食(shi)食(shi)品(pin)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)逐漸(jian)流傳(chuan)(chuan)下來。因芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)諧音“余頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”,當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)百姓喜(xi)在仲秋節(jie)、春節(jie)中食(shi)用,以(yi)(yi)圖吉(ji)利(li),企盼(pan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)余。明(ming)(ming)、清時(shi)以(yi)(yi)仕宦(huan)顯名(ming)于朝野的(de)(de)(de)即(ji)墨(mo)“周、黃(huang)、藍、楊、郭”五大家(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)對(dui)白(bai)廟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)寵(chong)愛有(you)加,使(shi)(shi)其成為日常(chang)及家(jia)(jia)(jia)宴(yan)必不(bu)可少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)主食(shi),并由(you)(you)他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)宦(huan)游在外而使(shi)(shi)白(bai)廟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)遠傳(chuan)(chuan)至北京、河南等地(di)(di)(di)(di),食(shi)者贊不(bu)絕口。改革開放(fang)后,土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)承包責任到(dao)戶的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)廟村(cun)(cun)(cun)民大面積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),獲(huo)得較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。繼而附近(jin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民紛紛效仿,鰲(ao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)衛(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊也到(dao)該村(cun)(cun)(cun)取經(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou),發展(zhan)到(dao)至今(jin)(jin)規模。孫家(jia)(jia)(jia)白(bai)廟村(cun)(cun)(cun)委2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月申請(qing)注冊了(le)(le)“白(bai)廟”牌(pai)商(shang)標;2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月成立了(le)(le)青島(dao)(dao)白(bai)廟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)專(zhuan)業(ye)合作社(she);2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),“白(bai)廟”牌(pai)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)被釣魚島(dao)(dao)國(guo)(guo)賓館指(zhi)定為專(zhuan)供產(chan)品(pin);2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)白(bai)廟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)通過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)無公(gong)(gong)害基地(di)(di)(di)(di)及產(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)。目前芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)已經(jing)成為村(cun)(cun)(cun)民經(jing)濟收入的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)。
二(er).自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、地貌土(tu)(tu)壤情況:種植區屬低(di)山丘陵,耕層深80~120cm,系棕(zong)壤土(tu)(tu),肥力較好(hao),有機質含量13.1g/kg,有效磷(lin)18.6mg/kg,堿解氮76.9mg/kg,速效鉀84.3mg/kg,土(tu)(tu)壤pH值在5.8-6.3之間。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:種(zhong)植區(qu)南臨嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan),水(shui)(shui)質與嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)質一脈(mo)相承(cheng),系嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)礦泉水(shui)(shui)質。大任河及其(qi)12條(tiao)支流流經整個(ge)種(zhong)植區(qu),流域(yu)面積49平方公(gong)里。紅(hong)星水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、豹(bao)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等4座小二型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)及32座塘壩(ba)分布在整個(ge)種(zhong)植區(qu)內(nei),總庫(ku)容量(liang)達到260萬立方米。充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源和(he)優(you)質的(de)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)礦泉水(shui)(shui)質非常(chang)適(shi)合白廟芋(yu)頭的(de)生長(chang)。
3、氣(qi)候情況:種植區(qu)域氣(qi)候屬暖(nuan)(nuan)溫帶沿海濕潤季風區(qu)大(da)陸性氣(qi)候。受海洋環境的影響,空氣(qi)濕潤,氣(qi)候溫和(he),具有冬(dong)暖(nuan)(nuan)夏涼、春溫秋爽、春遲冬(dong)長的氣(qi)候特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫12.3℃,最(zui)高溫度(du)38.9℃,最(zui)低溫度(du)-10℃,歷年(nian)(nian)平均相對濕度(du)74%。年(nian)(nian)無霜期(qi)230天左(zuo)右(you),年(nian)(nian)均降水量773mm,年(nian)(nian)平均日照時(shi)間2600小時(shi)左(zuo)右(you),年(nian)(nian)積溫約4400小時(shi)。光熱資源豐富(fu),日照充(chong)(chong)足,雨量充(chong)(chong)沛,能充(chong)(chong)分滿足芋頭生長需求(qiu)。
三.地域范圍
白廟(miao)芋頭(tou)產(chan)于青(qing)島(dao)即墨市(shi)鰲山(shan)衛(wei)鎮,該鎮地處即墨市(shi)東部(bu),東臨黃海鰲海灣(wan),南(nan)與嶗山(shan)區(qu)接壤,轄區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)96.96平方公里,5.3萬(wan)人口,耕地3.3萬(wan)畝。白廟(miao)芋頭(tou)產(chan)地位于鰲山(shan)衛(wei)鎮西(xi)側(ce),北(bei)至溫(wen)泉界,南(nan)至大龍(long)(long)路,東至西(xi)環一路,西(xi)至龍(long)(long)山(shan)界,轄孫家白廟(miao)、南(nan)邱白廟(miao)、紅星等共(gong)計63個行政(zheng)村。主產(chan)區(qu)地理坐標為東經(jing)120°34′14.10″~120°44′37.80″,北(bei)緯(wei)36°19′46.37″~36°25′21.85″。總種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)0.8萬(wan)畝,年總產(chan)量1.75萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征(zheng):白廟芋頭因獨特的(de)自然環境(jing)條(tiao)件,具有(you)以下明顯的(de)地域特征(zheng):個大(da)橢圓,表皮平(ping)滑,肉質乳白細(xi)膩(ni),面中帶甜,香軟粘滑,別具風(feng)味(wei)。
2、內(nei)在品質指標:白廟芋(yu)頭(tou)的蛋白質含量為1.82%,淀(dian)粉(fen)含量為14.7%。此外,還含有較高的鈣、磷、鉀、維生素C等多(duo)種(zhong)營養物質。白廟芋(yu)頭(tou)還具(ju)有健胃保健作用。
3、安全(quan)要求:白廟芋頭(tou)產(chan)品(pin)執(zhi)行(xing)NY5221-2005《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)薯芋類》標準。為保證產(chan)品(pin)質量,成(cheng)立了(le)以(yi)青島白廟芋頭(tou)專業(ye)合作社理(li)事長為組(zu)長的產(chan)品(pin)安全(quan)管(guan)理(li)領(ling)導小組(zu),建(jian)立健全(quan)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)芋頭(tou)生產(chan)培(pei)訓及種植檔案,制(zhi)定技術操作規程(cheng)和(he)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)芋頭(tou)用肥使(shi)用規范,并(bing)做好(hao)日常記錄,嚴格按照無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)標準進(jin)行(xing)操作。對土壤(rang)每隔三年化(hua)驗一次。芋頭(tou)加工包裝(zhuang)后,做好(hao)對芋頭(tou)的儲藏、運(yun)輸等方(fang)面的監督、檢(jian)查,防止(zhi)污染。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1、地塊(kuai)選擇:選擇在土(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)沃、疏松、保水保肥(fei)(fei)、旱能(neng)澆、澇能(neng)排的地塊(kuai)。生產基地及(ji)環境(空氣、水、土(tu)壤)符合NY5010—2002《無公害食品(pin)蔬菜產地環境條(tiao)件》標準。
2、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong):選用優質豐(feng)產的當(dang)地傳統(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。
3、生產過程管理:
①整地施肥:芋頭需肥量大,一般施充分腐熟的有機肥4000~5000公斤(jin)/畝,耕地時一并施入。
②種芋(yu)處理:為保證芋(yu)苗整齊,旺盛生長,選用單(dan)個重50克(ke)左右的(de)整芋(yu),在15-18℃溫(wen)度的(de)環境下(xia)催芽,待芽萌動時即播(bo)種。播(bo)種期在3月下(xia)旬左右。
③播(bo)(bo)種:開溝直播(bo)(bo),深10cm左右,播(bo)(bo)后覆土13~15cm,然后覆膜。要求行距(ju)(ju)80cm,株距(ju)(ju)20cm,密度為(wei)畝種3500~4000株。
④田間管理:芋芽剛露出(chu)地(di)(di)表后(hou),及時(shi)破膜助出(chu)苗,以防止膜下高(gao)(gao)溫傷(shang)芽。在施(shi)足基(ji)肥的基(ji)礎上,整個生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)不再追(zhui)肥。芋頭耐澇怕旱,生(sheng)長前期(qi)溫度(du)不高(gao)(gao),維(wei)持土(tu)壤濕潤即可;中后(hou)期(qi)及球莖形成發育(yu)期(qi)需充足水分,小(xiao)水勤澆,保持地(di)(di)面不見干。芋頭迅速(su)膨大時(shi)開始培土(tu),每隔20天培土(tu)一次(ci),一次(ci)培土(tu)高(gao)(gao)5~7mm,培土(tu)2~3次(ci)。芋頭病蟲害(hai)極少,主要(yao)預防蠐(qi)螬危害(hai),在播種(zhong)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)1.5%辛硫磷顆粒劑撒施(shi)播種(zhong)溝內,每畝用(yong)(yong)量4.5公(gong)斤(jin)。
4、產品收(shou)獲(huo)及處理(li):霜降前,芋葉變黃衰敗時(shi)為最佳收(shou)獲(huo)期(qi),要及時(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)。收(shou)獲(huo)后進行晾曬(shai),按一(yi)、二、三等級(ji)分級(ji)包裝。
5、生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄要求(qiu):白廟芋頭生(sheng)(sheng)產的全過程,建立田間生(sheng)(sheng)產檔(dang)案,全面記(ji)載(zai),妥善保存兩年以上,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
白廟芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)保護(hu)地(di)(di)域范圍內的(de)芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)生產(chan)經營(ying)者,在產(chan)品(pin)或包裝上(shang)使用(yong)(yong)已獲登記(ji)保護(hu)的(de)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),須向青島白廟芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)專業合(he)作社提出申請(qing),并按照(zhao)相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)求規范生產(chan)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),統一(yi)采用(yong)(yong)白廟芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)和(he)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)的(de)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方法。