《花田(tian)(tian)錯》是京(jing)劇,故(gu)事(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)于《水滸傳》,花田(tian)(tian)本意種花的農(nong)田(tian)(tian),花田(tian)(tian)錯是發生在種花小(xiao)鎮,花田(tian)(tian)祭上的一系列陰差(cha)陽(yang)錯的故(gu)事(shi)(shi)。
花(hua)(hua)田(tian)錯在(zai)原先的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)(yan)(yan)法中故(gu)事并不(bu)完(wan)整,只到(dao)周通(tong)搶親(qin)為(wei)止;1912年(nian),荀(xun)派代表(biao)人物荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)先生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)編(bian)創作加上(shang)后半部并搬(ban)上(shang)京劇(ju)舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)。荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng):幼年(nian)學梆子時的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)蒙戲(xi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)《辛安(an)驛》,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)《花(hua)(hua)田(tian)錯》。這兩個戲(xi)均經荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太老師侯(hou)俊山先生(sheng)(sheng)(老十三旦)親(qin)自(zi)指點。《花(hua)(hua)田(tian)錯》的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)(yan)(yan)法自(zi)花(hua)(hua)田(tian)訪婿起至周通(tong)搶親(qin)止,故(gu)事是不(bu)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)。荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)演(yan)(yan)(yan)京劇(ju)后,依據《水滸》中“小(xiao)(xiao)霸王醉臥銷金帳,莽提(ti)(ti)轄(xia)大鬧桃(tao)花(hua)(hua)村”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)回增益首尾,將它搬(ban)上(shang)京劇(ju)舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)。1919年(nian)與(yu)楊小(xiao)(xiao)樓、譚小(xiao)(xiao)培(pei)、尚小(xiao)(xiao)云三位先生(sheng)(sheng)由京到(dao)滬(上(shang)海觀眾稱為(wei)“三小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白”,因當時荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)仍用“白牡丹”藝名),在(zai)老天蟾舞(wu)臺(tai)(tai)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出,荀(xun)慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)即以此(ci)戲(xi)打(da)炮,自(zi)飾春(chun)蘭,演(yan)(yan)(yan)卞璣者為(wei)李桂芳。演(yan)(yan)(yan)出后,甚受觀眾歡迎(ying),此(ci)后數十年(nian)屢(lv)演(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)衰(shuai),被稱為(wei)荀(xun)派代表(biao)作之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。本片根據同名京劇(ju)改(gai)編(bian),源出「水滸傳(chuan)」,胡金銓(quan)編(bian)劇(ju)。值得一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是,擅演(yan)(yan)(yan)悲劇(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂蒂首次(ci)以俏皮方式演(yan)(yan)(yan)出丫頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)角。故(gu)事始于才子(喬莊(zhuang))落拓(tuo)花(hua)(hua)田(tian),賣畫維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng),與(yu)官家小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)(丁寧)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)見鍾情(qing),卻因惡霸(朱牧)介(jie)入而(er)波折重(zhong)重(zhong),鬧出連篇笑話……。
春蘭(lan):花旦||卞璣:小(xiao)生(sheng)||劉玉燕:旦||劉德明:老(lao)生(sheng)||安人:老(lao)旦||李忠:老(lao)生(sheng)||周玉樓:旦||周通(tong):凈(jing)||朱(zhu)仝:老(lao)生(sheng)||雷橫:凈(jing)||魯達:凈(jing)||店東:丑
《花(hua)田(tian)錯》的最(zui)初改編(bian)本,其中(zhong)卞璣先與(yu)劉玉燕訂(ding)親,周通誤將其搶至家(jia)中(zhong)后,又與(yu)周妹玉樓私(si)訂(ding)終身,而丫鬟春(chun)蘭也暗有向(xiang)往(wang)之意,故戲終時出(chu)現了(le)一夫多妻的場面。解(jie)放后,荀慧生以(yi)為這樣結(jie)局,殊不可取,遂(sui)在演出(chu)時作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)改動。至1959年(nian)又重(zhong)新(xin)審(shen)訂(ding)加工,刪除其中(zhong)不妥的細節,并(bing)把結(jie)尾大團圓(yuan)收場,更作(zuo)(zuo)喜(xi)劇夸張,給春(chun)蘭增加一段輕松愉快的唱工,并(bing)配合活躍、流(liu)動的舞蹈身段,從而越加烘托出(chu)喜(xi)劇的歡樂氣氛。
(解放后改(gai)編版(ban))
宋時(shi)(shi),桃(tao)花(hua)村富戶劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),有女(nv)(nv)玉燕(yan),及(ji)笄(ji)未嫁。時(shi)(shi)值花(hua)田盛會(hui),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春蘭(lan)(lan)陪(pei)同(tong)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉燕(yan)前(qian)往游(you)賞(shang),暗(an)中(zhong)訪求佳婿。襄陽舉人(ren)卞(bian)璣(ji),上京趕(gan)考,途中(zhong)因(yin)資斧(fu)拮據,乃(nai)于花(hua)田會(hui)上設(she)攤(tan)賣畫(hua)。春蘭(lan)(lan)見卞(bian)璣(ji)才貌不(bu)凡(fan),回(hui)(hui)家稟(bing)知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)命家人(ren)往請,不(bu)想誤將(jiang)小霸王周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)請來(lai)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)限令(ling)三日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)內,須將(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉燕(yan)送與成(cheng)親(qin)(qin)。春蘭(lan)(lan)設(she)計,使卞(bian)璣(ji)男(nan)扮(ban)女(nv)(nv)裝(zhuang)與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉燕(yan)相會(hui)。兩人(ren)正在定情之(zhi)際,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)突來(lai)搶(qiang)親(qin)(qin),竟誤將(jiang)卞(bian)璣(ji)搶(qiang)去(qu)。旋周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)因(yin)劫(jie)奪生辰綱之(zhi)事(shi)涉嫌,被傳至(zhi)公堂;周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)妹玉樓(lou)發覺卞(bian)璣(ji)喬裝(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)真相以后(hou),遂(sui)將(jiang)卞(bian)璣(ji)釋放,并贈銀以為赴考資斧(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)女(nv)(nv)被搶(qiang),赴衙告(gao)狀,隨同(tong)都頭雷(lei)橫去(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)寓,但又(you)將(jiang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉樓(lou)搶(qiang)回(hui)(hui)。此時(shi)(shi),春蘭(lan)(lan)誤以搶(qiang)回(hui)(hui)者為卞(bian)璣(ji),乃(nai)向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)次被搶(qiang)者實(shi)為卞(bian)璣(ji),竟令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉樓(lou)改換男(nan)裝(zhuang)與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉燕(yan)成(cheng)親(qin)(qin)。花(hua)燭之(zhi)夜,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉樓(lou)訴述事(shi)實(shi)原委,春蘭(lan)(lan)恐日(ri)(ri)后(hou)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)復(fu)來(lai)糾纏,仍留(liu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉樓(lou)住在莊中(zhong),以應(ying)付(fu)其(qi)兄。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)被釋以后(hou),果然通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),當晚(wan)(wan)進(jin)莊成(cheng)親(qin)(qin)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)正彷徨無(wu)計,適魯(lu)達(da)前(qian)來(lai)投(tou)宿,聞(wen)知(zhi)大怒,假扮(ban)新娘,隱于帳內,迨晚(wan)(wan),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)至(zhi),被魯(lu)達(da)痛打,逃跑(pao)。魯(lu)達(da)追至(zhi)途中(zhong),巧遇(yu)打虎將(jiang)李忠,從中(zhong)勸解,并令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)莊向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)請罪。時(shi)(shi)卞(bian)璣(ji)已中(zhong)狀元,也至(zhi)桃(tao)花(hua)村。眾人(ren)相見,真相大白。最后(hou),卞(bian)璣(ji)與劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)玉燕(yan)完姻,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉樓(lou)則在春蘭(lan)(lan)撮合下,與李忠成(cheng)為夫(fu)婦。
Ps:關于桃花村的地理位置:
原始本中并未提及,而在解(jie)放后的改(gai)編本中出現了地點雁門關紫陽(yang)(yang)鎮桃花村,不合邏輯(湖(hu)北(bei)襄陽(yang)(yang)的舉子去(qu)河南開封考試路過山(shan)西雁門關……),多半當時改(gai)編者想當然的將(jiang)京(jing)城當成(cheng)了北(bei)京(jing);其時北(bei)京(jing)屬遼(liao)地,雁門關是真正的邊(bian)境。
《花田(tian)錯》的意思
1.《花田(tian)錯》是(shi)京劇,故(gu)事緣于《水滸傳》。
2.花(hua)田=種(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)的農田,花(hua)田錯=發生在種(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)小鎮(zhen),花(hua)田祭上的錯誤故(gu)事。
花田盛會(hui),熱(re)鬧滾滾;古靈精怪的(de)丫(ya)頭春蘭(lan),陪著劉家(jia)小(xiao)姐月英上街(jie),打算依照本地習俗,讓小(xiao)姐在街(jie)上挑選乘龍快婿(xu)。月英小(xiao)姐看中了在路旁賣字畫的(de)白面書生(sheng)卞機(ji),主仆二(er)人決議返家(jia)向母親稟明一切,眼(yan)看著一切將要如此幸福(fu)美滿(man),誰料到糊涂(tu)管家(jia)上街(jie)請(qing)婿(xu),陰錯(cuo)陽差竟然(ran)錯(cuo)請(qing)到了小(xiao)霸王周通……