一、產品概況
1、產(chan)品名稱(cheng):茂名儲良龍眼
2、國家(jia)(jia)公告號:國家(jia)(jia)質量監督檢驗檢疫總(zong)局2004年第(di)107號
3、產品標(biao)準編號:GB18406.2-2001
4、保護(hu)范圍:廣東省茂名市現轄行政區域
5、質量特色(se)(se): 儲良龍眼是茂名水果名牌(pai)特產,果穗(sui)中(zhong)等大果粒均勻,果形(xing)(xing)扁(bian)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)皮(pi)呈黃褐色(se)(se)。果肉(rou)乳白(bai)色(se)(se)不透明,爽脆味濃(nong)甜。果核(he)較小扁(bian)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)棕褐色(se)(se),被譽為“果中(zhong)神品”,有“南(nan)方人參”美稱。
二、地標地理
茂名(ming)市地(di)處廣東(dong)省西南部(bu),南瀕南海,北倚廣東(dong)第二高峰云(yun)開山(shan)脈(mo)。地(di)貌以(yi)山(shan)地(di)丘陵為(wei)主,兼有平原和沿海灘(tan)涂。屬熱(re)帶(dai)向亞熱(re)帶(dai)過渡地(di)帶(dai),具有氣候溫(wen)暖、光照充(chong)足(zu)、雨(yu)量充(chong)沛、無霜期長的特色。
儲良龍(long)眼(yan)是(shi)(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)南亞(ya)熱帶(dai)果樹(shu),對氣候(hou)條件的(de)(de)(de)要求極(ji)為(wei)(wei)嚴(yan)格。儲良龍(long)眼(yan)種(zhong)植(zhi)以山地種(zhong)植(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),冬(dong)季溫(wen)度太(tai)低或霜凍會影響(xiang)龍(long)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存,對低溫(wen)極(ji)敏感,是(shi)(shi)限制龍(long)眼(yan)地理(li)(li)分(fen)布(bu)范(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因。儲良龍(long)眼(yan)是(shi)(shi)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)果樹(shu)中(zhong)較耐旱的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong),茂名冬(dong)季雨水(shui)少(shao),便利于樹(shu)林養分(fen)積(ji)累用于翌年花芽分(fen)化(hua)(hua)。花期(qi)忌多(duo)雨陰(yin)濕和濃霧,影響(xiang)授粉而減產(chan)。果實(shi)成熟期(qi)多(duo)雨,會降低果實(shi)品質,增加落果。6-8月充足水(shui)分(fen)是(shi)(shi)根系生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)盛期(qi),龍(long)眼(yan)較耐陰(yin),故有“當日荔枝,背日龍(long)眼(yan)”的(de)(de)(de)俗稱。龍(long)眼(yan)對土(tu)壤(rang)適(shi)應(ying)性較強,在紅壤(rang)沖積(ji)土(tu),砂壤(rang)土(tu)中(zhong)種(zhong)植(zhi)較為(wei)(wei)理(li)(li)想(xiang)。茂名地區土(tu)壤(rang)結構(gou)良好,疏(shu)松(song)透氣。因此(ci),土(tu)壤(rang)有機質含量(liang)比(bi)較豐富,N、P、K的(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)比(bi)較高,理(li)(li)化(hua)(hua)性狀好,十分(fen)適(shi)宜(yi)儲良龍(long)眼(yan)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)需求。
三、文化背景
茂名(ming)市種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史悠久(jiu),最早可追溯到2000年(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢代,在(zai)唐代,龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)更(geng)是(shi)被列為(wei)朝廷貢品。明(ming)代名(ming)醫李時珍在(zai)《本草綱目(mu)》中記載:“龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)味甘,開(kai)胃健脾,補(bu)腦(nao)益(yi)智”。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)原產茂名(ming),作為(wei)一個品種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)100多年(nian)(nian)歷史,是(shi)我市的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)牌特產。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)母樹(shu)現(xian)存于(yu)茂名(ming)市高州(zhou)分(fen)界鎮(zhen)儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)村(cun),該(gai)品種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)茂名(ming)市水果(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)部門1982年(nian)(nian)進行水果(guo)(guo)品種(zhong)(zhong)檢查、選優時從茂名(ming)市高州(zhou)分(fen)界鎮(zhen)儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)村(cun)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一棵優良(liang)(liang)(liang)單株,故定名(ming)為(wei)“儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”。“儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”原來只有(you)(you)一棵樹(shu),從1983年(nian)(nian)起(qi),由(you)政府扶持對該(gai)棵樹(shu)進行保護和育(yu)苗繁殖(zhi),經過20年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展形(xing)成(cheng)了現(xian)在(zai)全市種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)了上百萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)“儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”規模。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)品質(zhi)優良(liang)(liang)(liang),被譽(yu)為(wei)“果(guo)(guo)中神品”,果(guo)(guo)品以(yi)其果(guo)(guo)穗中等(deng)大,果(guo)(guo)粒大小均勻,著果(guo)(guo)較密。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)大且扁圓形(xing),果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)黃褐色(se)。果(guo)(guo)肉乳白色(se)不(bu)透明(ming),肉質(zhi)爽脆,味濃甜(tian)而(er)享譽(yu)中外。是(shi)鮮食和加工兼優品種(zhong)(zhong),用儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)加工成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)桂圓肉享有(you)(you)“南方人參”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美譽(yu)。
四、文化積淀
龍(long)眼又(you)稱桂(gui)圓,因(yin)此常(chang)被(bei)人們拿(na)來(lai)比(bi)喻(yu)“早生貴(gui)(gui)子”和(he)(he)“平安富貴(gui)(gui)”之意。據(ju)說,在2000年(nian)前(qian)的(de)漢代,茂(mao)名高(gao)州(zhou)沙(sha)(sha)田(tian)鎮的(de)龍(long)眼便作為貢(gong)品向朝庭(ting)的(de)皇帝進貢(gong)。《漢書和(he)(he)帝記(ji)》有“舊(jiu)南海(hai)(hai)(即今高(gao)州(zhou)沙(sha)(sha)田(tian))獻龍(long)眼”的(de)記(ji)述“十里(li)一(yi)置(zhi),五里(li)一(yi)堠(hou)。帝敕太(tai)宮,勿(wu)復受獻。”明代醫(yi)家(jia)李時珍在他(ta)的(de)《本草綱(gang)目》一(yi)書里(li)描述:“資(zi)益以龍(long)眼為良。”據(ju)《茂(mao)名縣志》記(ji)載:“高(gao)州(zhou)沙(sha)(sha)田(tian)列漢南海(hai)(hai)圖經。”
作(zuo)為“果中神品”,龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)一(yi)直以(yi)來(lai)都受到人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)喜愛。宋代詩人(ren)楊萬里曾在他的(de)(de)(de)《西園晚步二首(shou)》中寫(xie)道:“龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)初如綠豆肥,荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已似(si)佛螺兒。南荒北客難將息,最是殘(can)春(chun)首(shou)夏時。”蘇東坡的(de)(de)(de)“日啖(dan)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)百顆,不辭長作(zuo)嶺南人(ren)”早已被世人(ren)熟悉,他對龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)也情有獨鐘,他說過:龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)與荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),異出同父祖。他還寫(xie)了(le)一(yi)首(shou)叫《荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘆》的(de)(de)(de)詩詞:“十(shi)里一(yi)置飛(fei)塵(chen)(chen)灰,五里一(yi)堠兵火催。顛坑(keng)仆谷相枕藉(jie),知(zhi)是荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)來(lai)。飛(fei)車跨山鶻橫海,鳳枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)露(lu)葉(xie)如新采。宮中美(mei)人(ren)一(yi)破(po)顏(yan),驚(jing)塵(chen)(chen)濺血(xue)流千(qian)載(zai)。永元荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)交州,天寶歲(sui)貢取之涪。至今欲食林甫肉,無(wu)人(ren)舉(ju)觴酹佰游。”
五、品牌建設
茂名(ming)儲(chu)良龍(long)(long)眼(yan)種(zhong)植(zhi)發(fa)展快,面(mian)積大,近年(nian)(nian)來,茂名(ming)已發(fa)展成(cheng)為全國(guo)(guo)最大的(de)優(you)質龍(long)(long)眼(yan)基(ji)地,令世人刮目相看。1982年(nian)(nian)和(he)1984年(nian)(nian),湛江(jiang)地區和(he)茂名(ming)市(shi)進行優(you)良龍(long)(long)眼(yan)品種(zhong)評(ping)選,儲(chu)良龍(long)(long)眼(yan)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)第(di)一名(ming)。1990年(nian)(nian)廣東省龍(long)(long)眼(yan)優(you)良品種(zhong)評(ping)比,儲(chu)良龍(long)(long)眼(yan)以103.45分榮(rong)獲(huo)(huo)第(di)一名(ming),被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)科學院果樹研究所收入全國(guo)(guo)優(you)稀(xi)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)基(ji)因庫(ku)貯存。在(zai)第(di)一、二屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)上,儲(chu)良龍(long)(long)眼(yan)在(zai)101個龍(long)(long)眼(yan)品種(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脫穎而出獲(huo)(huo)得(de)金牌(pai)獎,1997年(nian)(nian)又(you)獲(huo)(huo)第(di)三屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)名(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品稱號,在(zai)隨后的(de)1999年(nian)(nian)和(he)2001年(nian)(nian)均獲(huo)(huo)得(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)農業(ye)(ye)博(bo)(bo)覽會(hui)名(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品稱號,成(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)獲(huo)(huo)取最高殊(shu)榮(rong)的(de)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)品種(zhong)。2001年(nian)(nian)8月,儲(chu)良龍(long)(long)眼(yan)被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)綠色食(shi)品開發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)認(ren)證為綠色食(shi)品A級產(chan)(chan)品。
茂名市(shi)(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)(shi)政府十分(fen)重視水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)發(fa)展,堅(jian)持(chi)把“念活山海經”和(he)大力發(fa)展以水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)為(wei)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)“三高(gao)(gao)”農(nong)(nong)業作為(wei)振興農(nong)(nong)村經濟的(de)支(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業來(lai)抓(zhua),做到“領導換屆,路(lu)(lu)子不(bu)改”,堅(jian)持(chi)走實施品牌(pai)戰(zhan)略以拓展產(chan)(chan)品市(shi)(shi)場的(de)可持(chi)續發(fa)展之路(lu)(lu)。因此(ci),茂名加大對儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)眼的(de)宣傳力度,取得了(le)較好(hao)的(de)成效。一(yi)(yi)是抓(zhua)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)帶動(dong)(dong)。全市(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)部門加強與(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)業龍(long)(long)頭(tou)企業合作,抓(zhua)好(hao)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)企業標(biao)(biao)準生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),以龍(long)(long)頭(tou)帶動(dong)(dong),與(yu)(yu)果(guo)農(nong)(nong)簽訂產(chan)(chan)銷合同,帶動(dong)(dong)了(le)果(guo)農(nong)(nong)按標(biao)(biao)準生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),提高(gao)(gao)了(le)經濟效益。二是充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)行(xing)業學會(hui)(hui)(hui)、協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)作用。全市(shi)(shi)現有茂名市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)學會(hui)(hui)(hui)、高(gao)(gao)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)行(xing)業協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、信(xin)宜種植者協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、分(fen)界鎮(zhen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)學會(hui)(hui)(hui)等(deng),這(zhe)些行(xing)業學會(hui)(hui)(hui)、協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)注重抓(zhua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)研究示(shi)范、推廣(guang)(guang),制定規(gui)范的(de)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)章(zhang)程和(he)運(yun)(yun)作形(xing)式,吸(xi)引農(nong)(nong)民入會(hui)(hui)(hui),把千家萬戶果(guo)農(nong)(nong)的(de)分(fen)散經營納入行(xing)業協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)規(gui)范化(hua)管(guan)理,實現水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)的(de)產(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)中、產(chan)(chan)后各(ge)(ge)個環節都按標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)要求進(jin)行(xing)運(yun)(yun)作和(he)監(jian)督。實行(xing)統一(yi)(yi)定植規(gui)格、統一(yi)(yi)施肥、統一(yi)(yi)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)除蟲滅病、統一(yi)(yi)控梢促花、統一(yi)(yi)保花果(guo)、統一(yi)(yi)采(cai)收,大大提高(gao)(gao)儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)眼的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)安全水(shui)(shui)(shui)平。三是大力推廣(guang)(guang)高(gao)(gao)效生(sheng)物肥料(liao)和(he)生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),推行(xing)病蟲病綜(zong)合防治和(he)生(sheng)物防治,防止農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留,提高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)。四是建立示(shi)范基(ji)地(di)。全市(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)部門狠抓(zhua)儲(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)眼標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示(shi)范基(ji)地(di),通(tong)過示(shi)范帶動(dong)(dong)廣(guang)(guang)大果(guo)農(nong)(nong)走標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)道路(lu)(lu)。五是產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)認證,發(fa)揮(hui)品牌(pai)效應作用。
六、營養價值
龍(long)眼(yan)具有(you)很多(duo)保(bao)健(jian)功(gong)能,李時珍(zhen)說:“龍(long)眼(yan)大補(bu)(bu)(bu)”,”資益(yi)以龍(long)眼(yan)為良”。鮮果有(you)開胃健(jian)脾,補(bu)(bu)(bu)益(yi)安神(shen)(shen)功(gong)效。其加(jia)工(gong)制品是治療病(bing)后體(ti)虛,貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)痿黃,神(shen)(shen)經衰弱,產后血(xue)(xue)(xue)虧(kui)的理想補(bu)(bu)(bu)品。民(min)間常以龍(long)眼(yan)干(gan)配黨(dang)參煎服(fu),用于治氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)虧(kui)損癥,產婦分(fen)娩后服(fu)此湯劑(ji)可補(bu)(bu)(bu)氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、恢復元氣(qi)(qi),老(lao)弱病(bing)者(zhe)在冬季常服(fu)此湯可補(bu)(bu)(bu)氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue),抵(di)御風寒(han)。
七、醫療功效
國(guo)內外科學家發現(xian)龍眼肉(rou)(rou)有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)、抗(kang)(kang)癌的(de)(de)作用。研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)表明(ming),人體有一(yi)種(zhong)黃素(su)蛋白酶(mei)(MAO-B)和機(ji)體的(de)(de)衰(shuai)老(lao)有密切(qie)關連,即其活性升高可(ke)加速老(lao)化(hua)。日本(ben)大阪中醫研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所曾對800多種(zhong)天然食物、藥物進行抗(kang)(kang)癌試驗,發現(xian)龍眼的(de)(de)肉(rou)(rou)水浸液對子宮頸癌細(xi)胞有90%以上(shang)的(de)(de)抑(yi)制率(lv),比(bi)對照組抗(kang)(kang)癌化(hua)療藥物博萊(lai)霉(mei)素(su)要高25%,它幾乎(hu)與抗(kang)(kang)癌藥物長壽新堿相當。在(zai)中國(guo)第二屆抗(kang)(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)科學研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)上(shang),一(yi)些(xie)學者提(ti)出(chu)龍眼可(ke)能會(hui)成為(wei)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)具(ju)有MAO-B抑(yi)制活性的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)食品。
【性味】甘、平溫、無毒。
【歸經】入(ru)心、脾、胃。
【功效】補心脾,益氣(qi)血,健脾胃,養肌肉。
【主治】思(si)慮傷(shang)脾(pi),頭昏,失(shi)眠,心悸怔忡(chong),虛贏,病(bing)后或產后體虛,及由(you)于(yu)脾(pi)虛所致之(zhi)下血(xue)失(shi)血(xue)癥。
【禁忌】患有外感實邪,痰飲(yin)脹滿(man)者勿食龍眼(yan)肉。
【說明】龍眼(yan)肉有補心脾、益氣血(xue)作用(yong),是一種(zhong)比較理想的中(zhong)藥,但鮮龍眼(yan)肉多食(shi)卻易生(sheng)濕(shi)熱及引起口干(gan),入藥治病(bing)多用(yong)干(gan)龍眼(yan),又(you)名桂(gui)圓肉。
【選方】
1.龍眼肉,每(mei)日嚼食30克(ke),治心(xin)悸(ji)怔忡。
2.龍眼(yan)肉,蒸(zheng)熟每日(ri)食之,食至500多克后,即可治愈心悸怔忡、失(shi)眠、心脾血虛癥者(zhe)及(ji)大(da)便下血數日(ri)不(bu)愈者(zhe)。
3.龍眼(yan)肉(rou)10克,蓮(lian)子15克,糯米60克,煮粥每日早晚食(shi),治貧血體弱,心悸失眠,精神不振(zhen)。
4.龍眼肉10克(ke),花(hua)生米(連紅衣)12克(ke),水煎服,亦(yi)治(zhi)貧血(xue)體弱。
5.龍(long)眼肉、炒酸棗仁(ren)各(ge)10克,芡實12克,煮湯(tang)睡前飲(yin),治失眠、心悸。
6.龍眼肉干七個(ge),連核一(yi)起放火中(zhong)煅炭(tan)存性,研細(xi)末,分四次(ci)服,一(yi)日兩次(ci),用鍛(duan)赭石(shi)15克(ke)煎水(shui)送服,治呃逆(ni)。
7.龍(long)眼龍(long)30克配白糖(tang)3克,若素體多火者再加入(ru)西洋參(can)片,碗口加蓋,每(mei)天(tian)在飯鍋上蒸(zheng)(zheng),蒸(zheng)(zheng)至(zhi)百(bai)次,便成玉(yu)靈膏(gao)(亦稱(cheng)代(dai)參(can)膏(gao))。
凡年(nian)老體衰贏弱病(bing)者,每次(ci)用開水(shui)送服一匙,大補氣血,力勝(sheng)參芪,產婦臨產前服之尤佳。
8.龍眼(yan)肉(rou)15-30克,大紅棗(zao)15克,水適量(liang),同蒸(zheng)熟(shu)食用。治婦女崩漏,貧血,血小(xiao)板減少(shao)。
9.龍眼干、大棗、生姜各適量(liang),水煎服,治產后浮腫(zhong)。
10.龍眼肉、雞(ji)蛋(dan),蒸熟食用,治月經不調,產后虛弱(ruo)。
11.龍眼干14枚(mei),生姜(jiang)3片,水煎服,治脾虛泄瀉。
12.歸元仙酒:龍眼肉、當歸適(shi)量,用40度米酒浸泡半(ban)月后,每(mei)日少(shao)量飲(yin)之(zhi),有養血益顏之(zhi)功效。