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頌(song)簋(gui)，西(xi)周時期的(de)(de)青銅(tong)器。高30.1厘(li)米(mi)、口(kou)徑(jing)24.2厘(li)米(mi)。斂口(kou)，鼓(gu)腹(fu)，圈(quan)足(zu)下(xia)另有(you)三小足(zu)；口(kou)上有(you)高隆蓋(gai)，蓋(gai)與器母(mu)子合口(kou)，蓋(gai)頂有(you)圈(quan)狀捉手(shou)；腹(fu)部兩側(ce)有(you)獸首(shou)半(ban)環(huan)耳并垂珥。在裝飾(shi)上，頌(song)簋(gui)的(de)(de)器口(kou)和蓋(gai)沿各飾(shi)一周獸目(mu)交(jiao)連紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(或(huo)稱竊(qie)曲紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen))，中(zhong)間像眼，兩側(ce)各連接一回勾狀曲線。這(zhe)種紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)是從動物形象，確切地說是從一種卷曲的(de)(de)龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)變化(hua)而來的(de)(de)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)流(liu)行于西(xi)周中(zhong)晚期，也(ye)是當時青銅(tong)器上的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)之一。腹(fu)部和蓋(gai)面，裝飾(shi)著數道平行的(de)(de)凹(ao)槽狀紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)，稱橫條溝紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，因像老(lao)式房子上的(de)(de)瓦溝，所(suo)以也(ye)稱瓦棱紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、瓦紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，這(zhe)種紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)，在西(xi)周后期至春秋時期非(fei)常盛行。頌(song)簋(gui)蓋(gai)頂的(de)(de)捉手(shou)內，飾(shi)團龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，圈(quan)足(zu)飾(shi)垂鱗紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。

文物簡介

通高30.1厘米，口徑(jing)24.2厘米，重13.2千克。西周(zhou)后期(qi)盛食器。隆蓋(gai)(gai)，頂有(you)(you)圈(quan)形把手。圓腹(fu)，圈(quan)足，下附三獸足。腹(fu)部兩側有(you)(you)一對獸首耳。口沿上下各飾竊(qie)曲(qu)紋(wen)(wen)一周(zhou)，蓋(gai)(gai)與腹(fu)均(jun)飾橫條脊紋(wen)(wen)，圈(quan)足飾重環(huan)紋(wen)(wen)。形制莊重。蓋(gai)(gai)器同銘(ming)，各鑄十(shi)五行一百五十(shi)二字，銘(ming)文(wen)大意(yi)為(wei)：周(zhou)王冊(ce)命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)掌管成周(zhou)貯（匿）甘家(jia)，監督新造(zao)，積貯貨物(wu)(wu)，以為(wei)宮(gong)御(yu)之用。周(zhou)王賞(shang)賜頌(song)(song)(song)玄(xuan)衣、省(sheng)純、赤市、朱黃、攸勒(le)等物(wu)(wu)品。頌(song)(song)(song)接受命(ming)(ming)冊(ce)，退出中廷，然后再回(hui)返(fan)，向周(zhou)王獻納瑾璋。比較完整地(di)反映了(le)西周(zhou)王室策命(ming)(ming)官員的制度。銘(ming)文(wen)與頌(song)(song)(song)鼎同。現藏山東(dong)省(sheng)博物(wu)(wu)館。為(wei)山東(dong)省(sheng)博物(wu)(wu)館十(shi)大鎮館之寶之一。

銘文內容

隹(zhui)（唯）三年(nian)五月既死霸甲戌，王才（在）周康卲（昭）宮(gong)。旦，王各大（格太）室，即(ji)立（位(wei)）。宰(zai)引(yin)右(you)（佑）頌(song)(song)(song)入門，立（中）廷。尹氏受（授）王令（命(ming)(ming)）書，王乎（呼）史(shi)虢(guo)生(sheng)冊(ce)(ce)令（命(ming)(ming)）頌(song)(song)(song)。王曰：頌(song)(song)(song)，令女(nv)（命(ming)(ming)汝）官（司）成周貯(zhu)，監(jian)（司）新?（造）貯(zhu)用宮(gong)御。易女(nv)幺（賜(si)汝玄）衣黹屯(tun)（純(chun)）、赤巿（韍）、朱(zhu)黃(huang)（衡(heng)）、（鑾）旂、攸（鋚）勒。用事。頌(song)(song)(song)??（拜稽）首。受令（命(ming)(ming)）冊(ce)(ce)，佩(pei)?（以）出(chu)，反入堇章（返納覲璋(zhang)）。頌(song)(song)(song)?（敢）對(dui)?（揚）天子(zi)不（丕）顯魯(lu)休，用乍(zha)?（作朕）皇(huang)考(kao)龏(gong)吊(diao)（恭(gong)叔）、皇(huang)母龏(gong)始(shi)（恭(gong)姒）寶(bao)??（尊簋(gui)）。用追孝，（祈）匃康、屯(tun)右(you)（純(chun)佑），彔（通祿）、永(yong)令（命(ming)(ming)）。頌(song)(song)(song)（其）萬(wan)年(nian)??（眉夀）無彊(qiang)（疆），（畯）臣天子(zi)霝冬（靈終），子(zi)孫永(yong)寶(bao)用。

頌(song)(song)(song)(song)簋(gui)的腹內和(he)蓋內都鑄有(you)銘(ming)文，內容(rong)相同，各15行(xing)(xing)(xing)150字(zi)，另有(you)重文2字(zi)。銘(ming)文大意是：周(zhou)王(wang)三年五月甲戌這一天(tian)，周(zhou)王(wang)在(zai)周(zhou)的京城康(kang)昭(zhao)宮(gong)(“王(wang)在(zai)周(zhou)康(kang)昭(zhao)宮(gong)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)2行(xing)(xing)(xing))。清(qing)晨，周(zhou)王(wang)來到太室(shi)就位(“旦，王(wang)各大室(shi)即位”第(di)(di)(di)(di)2至3行(xing)(xing)(xing))，宰(zai)弘陪同頌(song)(song)(song)(song)進門站立(li)在(zai)中廷(ting)(“宰(zai)弘佑頌(song)(song)(song)(song)入門立(li)中廷(ting)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)3至4行(xing)(xing)(xing))，史(shi)官(guan)(guan)之長尹(yin)氏(shi)授王(wang)的命(ming)書(“尹(yin)氏(shi)受(shou)王(wang)命(ming)書”第(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)王(wang)呼史(shi)官(guan)(guan)虢生冊(ce)命(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)(song)(“王(wang)乎(hu)史(shi)虢生冊(ce)命(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)(song)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)4至5行(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)王(wang)親自任命(ming)頌(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)成周(zhou)洛陽擔(dan)任職(zhi)務(“王(wang)曰：頌(song)(song)(song)(song)，命(ming)汝官(guan)(guan)司成周(zhou)貯”第(di)(di)(di)(di)5至6行(xing)(xing)(xing))，大概是宮(gong)廷(ting)負責雜務的執(zhi)事(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)，主(zhu)管(guan)監造新宮(gong)，或認為(wei)是掌(zhang)管(guan)倉庫(“監司新造貯用(yong)宮(gong)御”第(di)(di)(di)(di)6至7行(xing)(xing)(xing))。任命(ming)的同時(shi)，還賜給他帶花邊的黑色絲(si)質禮服(“玄衣黻純”第(di)(di)(di)(di)7行(xing)(xing)(xing))、赤(chi)紅(hong)(hong)色的圍腰(“赤(chi)市”第(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing))、拴著紅(hong)(hong)絲(si)帶的玉璜(“朱黃”第(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing))，以及旗幟和(he)馬具(ju)(“鑾旂、攸勒(le)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing))等。頌(song)(song)(song)(song)向天(tian)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)跪拜(bai)大禮(“頌(song)(song)(song)(song)拜(bai)稽首(shou)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)9行(xing)(xing)(xing))，并獻上玉璋(zhang)表示感謝(xie)(“返入瑾章”第(di)(di)(di)(di)10行(xing)(xing)(xing))，事(shi)(shi)后鑄造了頌(song)(song)(song)(song)簋(gui)、頌(song)(song)(song)(song)鼎和(he)頌(song)(song)(song)(song)壺(hu)，用(yong)來祭祀亡父龔叔和(he)亡母龔姒(“用(yong)作朕皇(huang)考恭(gong)叔皇(huang)母恭(gong)姒寶尊(zun)簋(gui)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)11至第(di)(di)(di)(di)12行(xing)(xing)(xing))。銘(ming)文中“敢(gan)對揚天(tian)子(zi)丕顯魯休”(第(di)(di)(di)(di)10至11行(xing)(xing)(xing))，意思(si)是感懷(huai)天(tian)子(zi)的美德，它和(he)末(mo)尾“子(zi)子(zi)孫(sun)孫(sun)永寶用(yong)”(第(di)(di)(di)(di)15行(xing)(xing)(xing))的辭(ci)句，常見于周(zhou)代的青銅器(qi)上。

時代信息

頌(song)簋(gui)制作于(yu)西周晚期(qi)，共(gong)和或宣王(wang)時期(qi)。此時，銅(tong)簋(gui)基(ji)本都配(pei)有對應的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)蓋(gai)，器(qi)蓋(gai)倒放就是一個盤子，也可以用(yong)來盛食。器(qi)足(zu)為獸面象(xiang)鼻形，象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)題材(cai)在銅(tong)器(qi)中常見，大概(gai)商周時期(qi)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)分布比現在要(yao)靠北，在當時交通如(ru)此不便的(de)(de)(de)情況下，人們也能見到(dao)。例如(ru)殷墟出土有完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)小象(xiang)骨(gu)骼，并(bing)且項戴(dai)銅(tong)鈴，可能是主人生前的(de)(de)(de)寵物。

器物裝飾

器身的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)是(shi)(shi)竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)由兩(liang)端(duan)回(hui)鉤的(de)(de)(de)(de)或“S”形的(de)(de)(de)(de)線條構(gou)成扁長(chang)形圖(tu)案，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)填(tian)以(yi)目(mu)形紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，在銅(tong)器上往(wang)往(wang)連接成帶狀。《呂氏春(chun)秋·適威》：“周鼎有(you)竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)（一作(zuo)窮曲(qu)(qu)），狀甚長(chang)，上下(xia)皆曲(qu)(qu)，以(yi)見(jian)極之敗(bai)也。”盛行(xing)于西(xi)周中(zhong)、后期(qi)，春(chun)秋時仍沿用。竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和饕餮紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變體，竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)曲(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條狀當是(shi)(shi)取形于夔紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、顧龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之身軀，但(dan)其構(gou)造、布局則不(bu)僅取形于諸種(zhong)龍(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)(er)且借鑒(jian)了饕餮紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)與上述變形饕餮紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)圖(tu)案構(gou)形手法。然(ran)而(er)(er)從(cong)總體看，竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現使以(yi)往(wang)莊嚴(yan)、神秘(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)解(jie)體，進一步促(cu)進了青銅(tong)器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽象(xiang)化與幾何圖(tu)形化，因(yin)而(er)(er)在青銅(tong)器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)發展(zhan)史(shi)中(zhong)有(you)著(zhu)重要作(zuo)用。頌(song)簋的(de)(de)(de)(de)竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)目(mu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，即眼睛的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)子，整體呈“S”形，兩(liang)端(duan)分叉，這是(shi)(shi)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)周晚期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)式(shi)。

流傳經歷

頌簋的流傳如同(tong)其他青銅重器一樣(yang)，充滿了傳奇色彩(cai)。清(qing)嘉慶十九(jiu)年（1814年）學者劉喜海(hai)在(zai)北京購得，并編入《清(qing)愛堂彝(yi)器款識(shi)》。劉喜海(hai)（1793—1853），諸城人，劉墉從孫，是(shi)清(qing)道(dao)、咸間金石學家、古(gu)泉(quan)學家、藏書家，字(zi)燕(yan)庭(ting)（又作燕(yan)亭、硯庭(ting)）、吉甫(fu)，山東諸城人，別號三巴子。善鑒賞金石，著(zhu)有《海(hai)東金石苑補(bu)遺》等鑒賞書籍，其所(suo)補(bu)編《古(gu)泉(quan)匯考》為當時古(gu)泉(quan)學集大成之巨著(zhu)，嘉惠后世泉(quan)學研究；《三巴金石苑》為巴蜀地區歷代金石圖(tu)文并茂(mao)之第(di)一部(bu)著(zhu)錄(lu)，對(dui)后世影響頗大。

后(hou)來(lai)此簋歸李宗岱。李宗岱（？—1896），字山農，南海（今廣州）人，道光(guang)二十九年(nian)(nian)（1849年(nian)(nian)）副(fu)榜貢生。山東候補道員(yuan)署山東鹽(yan)運使、布政(zheng)使，著名(ming)收藏家。1885年(nian)(nian)，先后(hou)在(zai)(zai)平度、招遠開(kai)辦(ban)采金工場。1889年(nian)(nian)，到牟平開(kai)辦(ban)礦務(wu)公司。其后(hou)代在(zai)(zai)玲瓏辦(ban)礦達50年(nian)(nian)之久(jiu)。

后轉(zhuan)手(shou)黃縣丁(ding)氏(shi)“泰來”號的(de)丁(ding)樹貞（一說原為黃縣焦氏(shi)收藏(zang)）。丁(ding)樹貞（1861—1915），字(zi)干圃，號仲立、煦農(nong)、陶齋，別號長(chang)年，為山(shan)(shan)東著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)金石收藏(zang)家(jia)。齋號“海隅山(shan)(shan)館”，其(qi)數世(shi)亦官亦商，家(jia)資(zi)巨富。丁(ding)氏(shi)為人慷(kang)慨大方(fang)，并(bing)熱心(xin)社會公益(yi)，常有捐資(zi)之善舉，被清延(yan)加封三品銜，賞戴花翎，并(bing)候選知府。后丁(ding)氏(shi)家(jia)道破落，弟(di)兄分家(jia)時分割財(cai)產，使其(qi)器(qi)蓋分藏(zang)。20世(shi)紀40年代，器(qi)為膠(jiao)東古(gu)物管理委員會黃縣文管分會收集(ji)，后轉(zhuan)入山(shan)(shan)東省博物館。20世(shi)紀50年代，丁(ding)氏(shi)后人張(zhang)秀琳女士將所藏(zang)簋(gui)蓋捐獻給山(shan)(shan)東省博物館，頌(song)簋(gui)始成完(wan)璧。