明星水(shui)仙(xian)(學名:Narcissus incomparabilis Mill.):“incomparabilis”意為(wei)“無與倫比的”。是石(shi)蒜科多年生草本植物(wu)。花(hua)(hua)尊長(chang)30-45厘(li)米,花(hua)(hua)色艷麗,花(hua)(hua)姿優美,瓶(ping)插壽命(ming)長(chang),是一(yi)種(zhong)很好的切花(hua)(hua)材料。水(shui)仙(xian)的葉(xie)(xie)由(you)(you)鱗(lin)(lin)莖頂端綠白(bai)色筒狀鞘中抽(chou)出花(hua)(hua)莖(俗稱箭)再由(you)(you)葉(xie)(xie)片中抽(chou)出。一(yi)般每個鱗(lin)(lin)莖可抽(chou)花(hua)(hua)莖1-2枝,傘(san)狀花(hua)(hua)序(xu)。花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)多為(wei)6片,花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)末(mo)處呈鵝黃色。花(hua)(hua)蕊外(wai)數(shu)。鱗(lin)(lin)莖卵狀至廣卵狀球形,外(wai)被(bei)棕(zong)褐色皮膜。葉(xie)(xie)狹長(chang)帶(dai)狀,蒴果(guo)室背開裂。花(hua)(hua)期春季。原產西班牙及法(fa)國南部。
Ajax incomparabilis (Mill.) Caruel
Diomedes × sabinii (Lindl.) Haw. ex Herb.
Jonquilla × incomparabilis (Mill.) Raf.
Narcissus × albidus Schult. & Schult.f.
Narcissus × albus (Haw.) Spach
Narcissus × amplus Salisb.
Narcissus × aurantius (Haw.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Narcissus × bericus Turra ex Marz.-Penc.
Narcissus × bernardii DC. ex Hénon
Narcissus × gouanii Roth
Narcissus × incomparabiliformis Rouy
Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albidus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman
Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albus (Haw.) Baker
Narcissus × incomparabilis var. aurantius (Haw.) Baker
Narcissus × juratensis Rouy
Narcissus moschatus var. sabinii (Lindl.) Nyman
Narcissus × parkinsonii Steud. ex Spach
Narcissus × queltia Sweet
Narcissus × sabinii Lindl.
Narcissus × stella auct.
Narcissus × sulphureus Sweet
Queltia × alba Haw.
Queltia × ampla (Salisb.) Salisb.
Queltia × aurantia Haw.
Queltia × biternaceus Salisb. [Invalid]
Queltia × concolor Haw.
Queltia × foetida Herb.
Queltia × gouanii (Roth) Haw.
Queltia × incomparabilis (Mill.) Haw.
Queltia × nivea Haw.
Queltia × parkinsonii (Steud. ex Spach) M.Roem.
Queltia × sabinii (Lindl.) M.Roem.
Queltia × semipartita Haw.
原產西班(ban)牙(ya)到法國西南(nan)部(bu),以荷蘭栽培最為(wei)廣泛(fan)。
明星水仙(xian)為(wei)喇叭(ba)水仙(xian)與口紅水仙(xian)的(de)雜交品種(zhong)。鱗莖圓形(xing)。葉(xie)扁(bian)平(ping)狀線形(xing),灰綠(lv)色(se),被(bei)白粉,長(chang)30-40厘米,寬1厘米。花(hua)葶有棱,與葉(xie)同(tong)高,花(hua)單(dan)生,大(da)形(xing),平(ping)伸(shen)或下垂(chui),徑5厘米。副冠長(chang)度為(wei)花(hua)被(bei)片之半(ban)。黃或白色(se),副冠為(wei)花(hua)被(bei)片長(chang)度的(de)一半(ban)。有花(hua)被(bei)白色(se)、副冠為(wei)黃色(se)的(de),也有花(hua)被(bei)與副冠統(tong)為(wei)黃色(se)的(de)。花(hua)期(qi)4月。
多年生草本。具膜(mo)質有皮(pi)鱗莖。基(ji)(ji)生葉線形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓筒(tong)形(xing)(xing),與花(hua)莖同時抽出。花(hua)莖實心。傘形(xing)(xing)花(hua)序有花(hua)數(shu)朵,有時僅1朵;佛(fo)焰苞(bao)狀總苞(bao)膜(mo)質,下部(bu)管(guan)狀;花(hua)直立(li)或(huo)(huo)(huo)下垂;花(hua)被(bei)高(gao)腳碟狀;花(hua)被(bei)管(guan)較短(duan),圓筒(tong)狀或(huo)(huo)(huo)漏斗狀,花(hua)被(bei)裂片6,幾相(xiang)等(deng),直立(li)或(huo)(huo)(huo)反(fan)卷;副花(hua)冠長管(guan)狀,似(si)花(hua)被(bei),或(huo)(huo)(huo)短(duan)縮(suo)成淺杯狀;雄蕊(rui)著生于花(hua)被(bei)管(guan)內(nei),花(hua)藥(yao)基(ji)(ji)著;子房每室具胚(pei)珠多數(shu),花(hua)柱絲狀,柱頭小,3裂。蒴果室背開裂;種子近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)。細胞染(ran)色體(ti)基(ji)(ji)數(shu)x=7、10、11。
明(ming)(ming)星水仙花(hua)期集中(zhong),供應(ying)期較(jiao)短,為(wei)滿足消(xiao)費者的需求,必須采取(qu)貯(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)保(bao)鮮手段,延長供應(ying)期。從(cong)另(ling)一方面(mian)講(jiang),那些(xie)遠離城市的花(hua)農,也需要借助貯(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)保(bao)鮮來確保(bao)切(qie)花(hua)質量(liang)。有學者對(dui)明(ming)(ming)星水仙的切(qie)花(hua)繁殖最優方式進行(xing)了大(da)量(liang)試驗。結(jie)果表明(ming)(ming),傍晚采切(qie)的切(qie)花(hua)均比早(zao)晨采切(qie)的瓶插(cha)壽命長,其最佳貯(zhu)(zhu)藏(zang)期以一周為(wei)宜,時間過長,花(hua)色暗淡(dan)。另(ling)外切(qie)花(hua)的瓶插(cha)壽命還與環境溫度(du)有關,溫度(du)升高,瓶插(cha)壽命便縮(suo)短。
黃(huang)冠明(ming)星水仙(學名:Narcissus × incomparabilis var. aurantius (Haw.) Baker ),副冠端部橙黃(huang)色,基(ji)部淺黃(huang)色;
白(bai)(bai)冠(guan)明星水仙(xian)(學名:Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albus (Haw.) Baker) 副冠(guan)白(bai)(bai)色。
淡白明星(xing)水仙(學名:Narcissus × incomparabilis var. albidus (Schult. & Schult.f.) Nyman)