西天取經(jing)(jing)是(shi)指《西游記》中的(de)(de)傳(chuan)奇歷(li)險故(gu)事,西天取經(jing)(jing)描寫的(de)(de)是(shi)孫悟空、豬(zhu)八(ba)戒(jie)、沙和尚(shang)、小白龍保護唐僧西天取經(jing)(jing),歷(li)經(jing)(jing)九九八(ba)十一難的(de)(de)傳(chuan)奇歷(li)險故(gu)事。
《西(xi)游記(ji)》描寫的是作者想象中(zhong)的故(gu)事(shi),但歷史上確實(shi)也有其(qi)事(shi)。當代陰陽易辨派創始人髙煜(yu)翔評價《西(xi)游記(ji)》:“西(xi)游盡磨(mo)難(nan),終(zhong)見(jian)意志堅,愿做菩提樹,普渡(du)化眾生(sheng)。”
《西游記(ji)》是中國古典四大名著(zhu)之一(yi),由明代小說家吳承恩編(bian)撰(zhuan)而成(cheng)。
此書(shu)描寫的(de)是孫悟空、豬(zhu)八(ba)戒、沙和尚保護唐僧(seng)西天取經,歷(li)(li)經九九八(ba)十一難(nan)的(de)傳(chuan)奇(qi)歷(li)(li)險(xian)故事(shi)。
西(xi)(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)是(shi)(shi)指印(yin)(yin)度(du),因為(wei)古代交通不(bu)發達,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)以為(wei)印(yin)(yin)度(du)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)邊了(le)(le)(le)(le)。唐(tang)(tang)僧取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)一(yi)件真實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)。大(da)(da)約距今一(yi)千三百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,即唐(tang)(tang)太宗(zong)貞(zhen)觀3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(629年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅29歲(sui)(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)帶(dai)領一(yi)個(ge)弟子離開京城長(chang)(chang)安,到(dao)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(印(yin)(yin)度(du))游(you)學(xue)。他(ta)(ta)從(cong)長(chang)(chang)安出(chu)(chu)(chu)發后(hou),途經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)亞、阿(a)富(fu)汗(han)、巴基(ji)(ji)斯坦。過(guo)高昌國時(shi),那里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)居民非(fei)常(chang)推崇佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教,國王(wang)見他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)大(da)(da)唐(tang)(tang)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang),非(fei)常(chang)高興,愿封他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)為(wei)護國法(fa)(fa)(fa)師,加上(shang)黃金百兩(liang)(liang)、駿(jun)馬(ma)千匹。弟子動搖了(le)(le)(le)(le),最后(hou)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)高昌國,而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)偷溜了(le)(le)(le)(le)出(chu)(chu)(chu)來向西(xi)(xi)(xi)逃去(qu)。不(bu)料被高昌國士兵截(jie)住。沒想到(dao)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)前來護送(song)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)去(qu)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。士兵送(song)給玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)匹白馬(ma)和(he)(he)一(yi)些文書,玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)感激(ji)不(bu)已。他(ta)(ta)向王(wang)宮方向拜(bai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾(ji)拜(bai),就(jiu)(jiu)騎馬(ma)西(xi)(xi)(xi)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)歷(li)盡艱難(nan)險阻,最后(hou)到(dao)達了(le)(le)(le)(le)印(yin)(yin)度(du)。他(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)那里(li)學(xue)習(xi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多,并(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)次大(da)(da)型(xing)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)學(xue)辯論(lun)(lun)會任主(zhu)講,受到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)贊(zan)譽(yu),并(bing)(bing)從(cong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)帶(dai)回(hui)諸(zhu)多經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)書,為(wei)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教發展做出(chu)(chu)(chu)貢(gong)獻。貞(zhen)觀20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(646年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),47歲(sui)(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)回(hui)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)安,帶(dai)回(hui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)書657部(bu)。而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國老百姓印(yin)(yin)象(xiang)中(zhong),《西(xi)(xi)(xi)游(you)記(ji)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)(tang)僧(玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang))似乎是(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)第一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。有(you)學(xue)者(zhe)指出(chu)(chu)(chu),其實(shi)東北(bei)和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)一(yi)行(xing)25人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),早(zao)在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)元420年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)從(cong)幽州龍城(現遼寧(ning)省(sheng)朝陽(yang)市)出(chu)(chu)(chu)發西(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。這比唐(tang)(tang)僧西(xi)(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)足足要早(zao)209年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。朝陽(yang)北(bei)塔博物館資深研究人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員董高告訴(su)記(ji)者(zhe),根(gen)據史(shi)料記(ji)載(zai),曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)又稱法(fa)(fa)(fa)勇,俗姓李,幽州龍城人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。他(ta)(ta)10多歲(sui)(sui)時(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)家(jia)修行(xing),經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)慨嘆佛(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)殘缺不(bu)全,又聽說(shuo)(shuo)高僧法(fa)(fa)(fa)顯(xian)(xian)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)曾去(qu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)國取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),遂發誓效仿。北(bei)燕太平12年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元420年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)招集(ji)志同道合的(de)(de)(de)(de)僧猛、曇(tan)(tan)(tan)朗(lang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)師等(deng)25名和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)途經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)今天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)海、甘肅(su)、新疆等(deng)地(di),翻越雪山大(da)(da)漠、絕壁深淵,最終到(dao)達如今的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)富(fu)汗(han)、巴基(ji)(ji)斯坦和(he)(he)印(yin)(yin)度(du)等(deng)多個(ge)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺修行(xing)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)25名東北(bei)和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong),有(you)12人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)墜崖(ya)而(er)(er)亡,有(you)8人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)途餓死,最終只(zhi)剩下曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)等(deng)5人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)返(fan)回(hui)中(zhong)國,帶(dai)回(hui)并(bing)(bing)翻譯了(le)(le)(le)(le)《觀世(shi)音受記(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》一(yi)部(bu)。董高認為(wei),曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)等(deng)25名和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)取(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),從(cong)時(shi)間上(shang)比較(jiao),要晚(wan)于“天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)留(liu)學(xue)第一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”東晉(jin)和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)顯(xian)(xian)21年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),但比唐(tang)(tang)僧(玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang))要早(zao)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)多世(shi)紀(ji)。從(cong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教地(di)位來說(shuo)(shuo),曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)只(zhi)帶(dai)回(hui)1部(bu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)帶(dai)回(hui)并(bing)(bing)翻譯的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、論(lun)(lun)有(you)75部(bu)1335卷,法(fa)(fa)(fa)顯(xian)(xian)帶(dai)回(hui)并(bing)(bing)翻譯的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)6部(bu)24卷。曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)功(gong)績遠不(bu)及法(fa)(fa)(fa)顯(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。據記(ji)者(zhe)查(cha)閱,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版《辭(ci)海》中(zhong),法(fa)(fa)(fa)顯(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)都有(you)詞條(tiao)介紹,而(er)(er)曇(tan)(tan)(tan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)竭(jie)則(ze)沒有(you)。