白(bai)額(e)巨(ju)蟹蛛屬蜘蛛目(mu)巨(ju)蟹蛛科體形較(jiao)大。成(cheng)體雌蛛體長(chang)通常20-30mm,雄蛛15-20mm,因(yin)在(zai)額(e)與眼(yan)區(qu)前(qian)緣之間有一條白(bai)紋(wen)故名,常見于(yu)居室內外的(de)(de)墻(qiang)壁上,多在(zai)夜間捕食居室附近的(de)(de)衛生害蟲.如蟑螂、蠅類和蚊類,有時亦在(zai)村莊附近的(de)(de)稻田(tian)中捕食。
白(bai)額巨蟹蛛廣泛分(fen)布于(yu)低海(hai)拔山(shan)區和平(ping)地,常見于(yu)稻、棉田附近的房屋(wu)內(nei)、外墻(qiang)上。
中(zhong)國四川、江西(xi)、浙江、安徽、湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南、臺灣、廣東、西(xi)藏、云(yun)南等。
雌蛛體長20~28毫(hao)米。頭(tou)胸部(bu)灰褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se),長寬略等,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)橫直,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窩縱向、色(se)(se)(se)深,頸溝(gou)、放射溝(gou)明顯。眼(yan)(yan)(yan)與額之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)1條短白毛組(zu)成(cheng)的橫紋,背(bei)甲近似方形,后(hou)(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)有(you)一灰黃色(se)(se)(se)橫帶。胸部(bu)兩側(ce)(ce)由(you)深褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)毛構成(cheng)的斑(ban)(ban)紋。頭(tou)部(bu)向前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)延長,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)線端直,眼(yan)(yan)(yan)區褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)。8眼(yan)(yan)(yan)兩列,同型,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)列微前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)曲(qu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)列平直且長于(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)列,稍(shao)微后(hou)(hou)(hou)曲(qu)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju),后(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju),后(hou)(hou)(hou)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)稍(shao)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan),有(you)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)丘。螯肢(zhi)深褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se),其上密(mi)布(bu)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)細長毛,側(ce)(ce)結節明顯。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)齒堤2齒,后(hou)(hou)(hou)齒堤3齒。胸板長大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)寬,談(tan)黃褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se),疏生(sheng)(sheng)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)長毛,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)微后(hou)(hou)(hou)凹(ao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)尖(jian)細,插入第Ⅳ步足基節之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。步足粗壯,灰褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se),具深、淺色(se)(se)(se)長短毛,并有(you)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點,各斑(ban)(ban)點上生(sheng)(sheng)黑刺1根。足式為(wei)2、1、4、3。腹(fu)背(bei)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se),由(you)灰、白、褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)細毛組(zu)成(cheng)箭尾狀斑(ban)(ban)紋,腹(fu)部(bu)腹(fu)面淡褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se),紡器褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)。
雄蛛體長15~20毫米。與雌蛛有(you)明顯區別,背甲(jia)(jia)后部從中窩、頸(jing)溝(gou)、放射溝(gou),一直達到(dao)背甲(jia)(jia)后緣有(you)1對蝶形斑(ban)(ban)紋。腹背斑(ban)(ban)紋呈(cheng)倒“八”字形。腹部兩(liang)側(ce)面毛較長而密。
白(bai)額(e)巨蟹(xie)蛛(zhu)常侵入住家或農舍內生活,白(bai)天通常隱(yin)藏(zang)在櫥柜縫隙或床鋪下(xia),夜晚才外出覓(mi)食,行動(dong)(dong)敏捷,耐饑力強(qiang)。捕食對象以各類節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)為主,捕食各種害蟲,也(ye)包括(kuo)蟑螂在內。
該蛛5~6月份產卵,每只雌蛛可繁殖(zhi)500~600只幼蛛。600只蜘蛛一次產卵1克。