白(bai)額巨蟹蛛(zhu)屬蜘蛛(zhu)目巨蟹蛛(zhu)科體形較大(da)。成(cheng)體雌蛛(zhu)體長(chang)通常20-30mm,雄(xiong)蛛(zhu)15-20mm,因在額與眼區(qu)前緣之間(jian)有(you)一條白(bai)紋故名,常見(jian)于居(ju)室內(nei)外的(de)(de)(de)墻壁上,多在夜間(jian)捕食居(ju)室附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)衛生害蟲(chong).如蟑螂、蠅類和蚊(wen)類,有(you)時亦在村莊附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)稻田中捕食。
白額巨蟹(xie)蛛廣泛(fan)分布于(yu)低海拔山區和平地(di),常(chang)見于(yu)稻、棉田附(fu)近的房(fang)屋(wu)內、外墻(qiang)上。
中國(guo)四(si)川、江西(xi)、浙江、安(an)徽、湖北、湖南(nan)、臺灣、廣東、西(xi)藏、云南(nan)等。
雌(ci)蛛體(ti)長20~28毫米。頭胸(xiong)(xiong)部(bu)(bu)灰(hui)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),長寬略等,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣橫(heng)直,中(zhong)(zhong)窩(wo)縱向、色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)深,頸溝、放射溝明顯。眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與(yu)額(e)之間(jian)(jian)有1條短(duan)白毛(mao)組成的橫(heng)紋,背(bei)甲(jia)近似方形,后(hou)緣有一灰(hui)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)橫(heng)帶。胸(xiong)(xiong)部(bu)(bu)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)由深褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)構成的斑(ban)紋。頭部(bu)(bu)向前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)延長,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)線端直,眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。8眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兩(liang)列(lie),同型,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列(lie)微前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)曲,后(hou)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列(lie)平直且長于(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)列(lie),稍微后(hou)曲。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)大(da)于(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)距(ju),后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)、側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)距(ju),后(hou)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稍大(da)于(yu)(yu)后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),有眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)丘。螯肢(zhi)深褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),其上(shang)密(mi)布褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)細(xi)長毛(mao),側(ce)(ce)結節(jie)明顯。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)齒(chi)堤(di)2齒(chi),后(hou)齒(chi)堤(di)3齒(chi)。胸(xiong)(xiong)板長大(da)于(yu)(yu)寬,談黃(huang)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),疏生(sheng)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)長毛(mao),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣微后(hou)凹,后(hou)緣尖細(xi),插(cha)入第(di)Ⅳ步足(zu)基節(jie)之間(jian)(jian)。步足(zu)粗壯,灰(hui)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),具深、淺色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)長短(duan)毛(mao),并有黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點,各斑(ban)點上(shang)生(sheng)黑刺1根。足(zu)式為2、1、4、3。腹(fu)背(bei)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),由灰(hui)、白、褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)細(xi)毛(mao)組成箭尾狀斑(ban)紋,腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)腹(fu)面(mian)淡(dan)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),紡(fang)器褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。
雄蛛體長15~20毫米。與雌(ci)蛛有明(ming)顯(xian)區(qu)別,背甲(jia)后部從中(zhong)窩、頸溝、放射溝,一(yi)直達到(dao)背甲(jia)后緣有1對蝶(die)形斑(ban)紋。腹背斑(ban)紋呈倒(dao)“八”字(zi)形。腹部兩(liang)側面毛較(jiao)長而(er)密。
白(bai)額巨蟹(xie)蛛(zhu)常(chang)(chang)侵入住家或(huo)農舍內(nei)生活,白(bai)天(tian)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)隱藏在櫥(chu)柜縫隙或(huo)床鋪下,夜晚(wan)才外出覓食(shi),行動(dong)敏捷,耐(nai)饑力強。捕食(shi)對象以各類節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)物為主,捕食(shi)各種害蟲,也包括蟑(zhang)螂在內(nei)。
該蛛5~6月份產卵(luan),每(mei)只雌蛛可繁殖(zhi)500~600只幼蛛。600只蜘蛛一(yi)次產卵(luan)1克。