公孫姓(xing)(xing):漢族復姓(xing)(xing)之(zhi)一。據(ju)傳(chuan),源于5000多年前的(de)華(hua)夏時代,是中(zhong)國最(zui)古老的(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏之(zhi)一。在(zai)《百家姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)排名(ming)第(di)428位。在(zai)2007年全(quan)國姓(xing)(xing)氏人(ren)口(kou)排名(ming)第(di)300位以外。
春秋時期,各國(guo)諸侯不論爵位(wei)大小,多喜歡稱公(gong)。按照周朝(chao)制度(du),國(guo)君一般由嫡長子繼(ji)位(wei),即位(wei)前(qian)稱為(wei)太子,其他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)兒(er)子便(bian)稱為(wei)公(gong)子,公(gong)子的(de)(de)兒(er)子則稱公(gong)孫(sun)。他(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)后代便(bian)有不少人便(bian)以公(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)姓。
《通志(zhi)》載:"公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),春秋時諸侯之(zhi)孫(sun)(sun),亦(yi)以為氏(shi)者,曰公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆貴族之(zhi)稱。或跟黃帝姓公(gong)孫(sun)(sun),因以為氏(shi)。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓,源出(chu)有(you)二:
源于身份(fen),出(chu)自兩周(zhou)時期各諸侯(hou)國王族(zu)的后裔,屬于以貴胄身份(fen)稱謂為氏。春(chun)秋時期,各國諸侯(hou)不論爵位大小,多有被稱為“公(gong)(gong)”者。按周(zhou)王朝的典禮制度(du),國君一般由嫡長子(zi)(zi)(zi)繼(ji)位,即位前稱為太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi),其(qi)他的兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)便稱為公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)則稱公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。在(zai)這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)的后裔子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫(sun)中(zhong),有許多人(ren)便以身份(fen)稱謂“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”為姓氏者,稱公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏,因此,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)并非一族(zu)一姓的后人(ren)。
出(chu)(chu)自(zi)姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing),黃帝姬(ji)軒轅的(de)(de)后(hou)裔(yi)有公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)。最(zui)初出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)是(shi)(shi)在上(shang)古(gu)時期。據(ju)《路史》載:“神農同母弟勖,嗣(si)少(shao)典國(guo)君(jun),世(shi)為(wei)(wei)諸侯(hou)(hou),后(hou)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。軒轅帝初名公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun),后(hou)改姬(ji)。”所有他的(de)(de)后(hou)代里,有部分(fen)姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun),稱公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)。在春秋時,各國(guo)各地的(de)(de)諸侯(hou)(hou),大多喜歡被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)”。以當時的(de)(de)制度(du),國(guo)君(jun)將(jiang)由國(guo)君(jun)的(de)(de)嫡系長(chang)子(zi)(zi)繼承。正(zheng)式登基前,應先(xian)立(li)為(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi),此時其他的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)將(jiang)稱為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),同時諸侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)也是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),而(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。這些公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)們的(de)(de)后(hou)代為(wei)(wei)突出(chu)(chu)祖出(chu)(chu)祖先(xian)曾有過的(de)(de)皇室血統(tong),就(jiu)改姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。這樣(yang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一種姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)的(de)(de)榮譽而(er)(er)流傳甚(shen)廣。此時它(ta)的(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)來源就(jiu)五花(hua)八門,不一而(er)(er)足了。故公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)的(de)(de)始祖是(shi)(shi)黃帝軒轅。
這在史籍《廣韻(yun)》中有記(ji)(ji)載:“古(gu)封公之(zhi)后,皆(jie)自稱公孫,故其(qi)姓(xing)多(duo),非(fei)一族(zu)也。”又據史籍《通志》記(ji)(ji)載:“公孫氏(shi)(shi),春秋時諸侯(hou)之(zhi)孫,亦以為氏(shi)(shi)者,曰公孫氏(shi)(shi),皆(jie)貴(gui)族(zu)之(zhi)稱。或眼黃帝姓(xing)公孫,因以為氏(shi)(shi)。”
存疑:黃帝姬姓,不可能姓公孫
黃帝(di)姓公孫(sun)的說(shuo)法主要來源于《史記·五帝(di)本紀》,而早于《史記》的《國(guo)語·晉語》卻記載(zai):“黃帝(di)以姬(ji)水(今陜甘的渭、湟之(zhi)間(jian))成,炎帝(di)以姜水(經岐山、扶風、武功(gong)入渭之(zhi)岐水)成,故黃帝(di)為(wei)姬(ji),炎帝(di)為(wei)姜。“
《史記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃帝二(er)十五子,其得姓者十四(si)人。”
《國語·晉語》謂十(shi)四(si)人實有十(shi)二姓(xing),即姬、酉(you)、祁、己(ji)、滕、葴、任、荀(xun)、僖、姞、儇、衣。其中青陽與夷鼓同(tong)(tong)為己(ji)姓(xing),玄囂與蒼林同(tong)(tong)為姬姓(xing)。十(shi)四(si)個兒子(zi)中并無姓(xing)公孫者。兒子(zi)中沒有姓(xing)公孫的(de),那么(me)孫子(zi)中會(hui)有么(me)?
清崔(cui)述《補上(shang)古考信(xin)錄》指出:“公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)是公(gong)之孫(sun)(sun),上(shang)古時無此(ci)(公(gong)孫(sun)(sun))稱。”
黃帝是少(shao)典的(de)(de)兒(er)子,姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫,名(ming)軒轅(yuan)。傳說是神農的(de)(de)同父異母弟:“嗣少(shao)典國君,世為(wei)諸侯”,在他的(de)(de)后代中,就(jiu)有(you)(you)人以公(gong)孫為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。黃帝軒轅(yuan)氏(shi)曾姓(xing)(xing)過“公(gong)孫”,后來改成姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing),所有(you)(you)他的(de)(de)后代里,有(you)(you)部分姓(xing)(xing)公(gong)孫,另有(you)(you)部分姓(xing)(xing)姬(ji),再(zai)有(you)(you)少(shao)數(shu)以軒轅(yuan)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)。
漢(han)魏時期遼東公孫氏世家:
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第三代:公孫(sun)康、公孫(sun)恭
第四代(dai):公孫晃、公孫淵(yuan)
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)是一(yi)(yi)個古(gu)老的(de)(de)漢族(zu)姓(xing)氏(shi),但人口總數在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)大(da)陸(lu)和臺(tai)灣省均未列入百家姓(xing)前(qian)三百位(wei),在(zai)宋版(ban)《百家姓(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排序為(wei)(wei)(wei)第四百二十九位(wei)門閥。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)一(yi)(yi)姓(xing)源(yuan)遠(yuan)流長,據《路史》上(shang)記(ji)載(zai),軒轅氏(shi)初(chu)姓(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),后(hou)(hou)改姓(xing)姬。由此(ci)看(kan)來,“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)”一(yi)(yi)詞,自古(gu)以(yi)(yi)來本身的(de)(de)意義便十分尊榮(rong)也就不(bu)足為(wei)(wei)(wei)奇了(le)。從(cong)《廣韻》上(shang)記(ji)載(zai):“封公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),自皆(jie)稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。”可知,春秋(qiu)時(shi)期(qi)列國諸侯的(de)(de)子(zi)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),被尊稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。從(cong)《通(tong)志·氏(shi)族(zu)略(lve)》記(ji)載(zai)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi),皆(jie)貴者之(zhi)稱(cheng)。”可見(jian),后(hou)(hou)來“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)”的(de)(de)意義延(yan)伸了(le),一(yi)(yi)般人也尊稱(cheng)貴胄的(de)(de)子(zi)弟為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)。如如今(jin)的(de)(de)對人的(de)(de)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)”稱(cheng)謂。據說春秋(qiu)時(shi)代出身于諸侯之(zhi)家的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun),干脆以(yi)(yi)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing),也稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)了(le)。由此(ci)可見(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并(bing)不(bu)完(wan)全是一(yi)(yi)脈相承自黃帝,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)部分是春秋(qiu)貴族(zu)的(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔。
公(gong)孫(sun)姓(xing)在大陸和(he)臺灣百家姓(xing)中名列一(yi)百位之后。在古(gu)代(dai),孫(sun)字(zi)可(ke)泛(fan)指后代(dai)人,而公(gong)孫(sun)兩字(zi),也(ye)可(ke)用來泛(fan)指王公(gong)貴族的后代(dai)。有些王公(gong)貴族的后代(dai)以公(gong)孫(sun)的稱呼為(wei)榮,便(bian)相延世代(dai)成為(wei)姓(xing)。古(gu)書(shu)《通志(zhi)》說,相傳(chuan)遠古(gu)時黃帝姓(xing)公(gong)孫(sun),于是便(bian)有這一(yi)姓(xing)的廣泛(fan)流傳(chuan)。
公孫(sun)氏望族(zu)居高陽(yang)郡(今(jin)山東臨淄)、扶風郡(今(jin)陜西咸陽(yang))。今(jin)山東、云南兩省還(huan)有公孫(sun)氏族(zu)人分布。
扶(fu)風(feng)郡(jun):周朝(chao)時(shi)期置郡(jun),其時(shi)轄(xia)地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)興平縣、咸(xian)陽(yang)(yang)市一(yi)帶地區(qu)。漢(han)朝(chao)武帝太(tai)初元年(丁丑,公元前104年)置右扶(fu)風(feng),與京兆、左馮翊合(he)為(wei)(wei)三輔,治所在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)興平市,其時(shi)轄(xia)地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長安縣以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、鳳翔(xiang)縣一(yi)帶。三國(guo)時(shi)期曹(cao)魏國(guo)改名為(wei)(wei)扶(fu)風(feng)郡(jun),治所在隗里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)興平),其時(shi)轄(xia)地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)麟(lin)游縣、干縣以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi),秦嶺以(yi)(yi)北、山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)平原縣以(yi)(yi)南一(yi)帶地區(qu)。五代(dai)時(shi)期后漢(han)將其轄(xia)地定在今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)咸(xian)陽(yang)(yang)市一(yi)帶地區(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)晉朝(chao)時(shi)期移(yi)治到池陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)涇陽(yang)(yang)),南北朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)北魏移(yi)治所到好疇(chou)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)乾縣)。隋、唐兩朝(chao)以(yi)(yi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)岐州一(yi)帶為(wei)(wei)扶(fu)風(feng)郡(jun)。
高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)郡:歷史(shi)上(shang)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)郡有三:①戰國時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)邑,亦稱高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)鄉,在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)杞縣(xian)(xian)西北(bei)部,秦(qin)朝末期(qi)(qi)(qi)酈食其自稱“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)酒徒”,其“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)”即指(zhi)該地(di)區。②東(dong)漢桓帝(di)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(公元147~167年(nian))又置(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)郡,治(zhi)所在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)),其時(shi)轄地(di)在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)北(bei)省高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。晉朝泰(tai)始初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(乙酉,公元265年(nian))置(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)國,治(zhi)所在(zai)博陸(今(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)北(bei)蠡縣(xian)(xian)),時(shi)轄四(si)縣(xian)(xian),轄境包(bao)括(kuo)今(jin)(jin)保定(ding)、清(qing)苑、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)、博野、蠡縣(xian)(xian)等縣(xian)(xian)地(di)。③北(bei)魏時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)另(ling)置(zhi)(zhi)青州高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)郡,轄地(di)在(zai)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)省淄(zi)博市(shi)臨淄(zi)區西北(bei)部一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),隋朝開(kai)皇初(chu)年(nian)(辛丑,公元581年(nian))被廢黜。公孫氏望族的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)陽(yang)郡,是指(zhi)③之所處。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂(tang):以望(wang)立堂(tang)。
白馬堂:東漢末期公(gong)孫瓚被封為討虜將軍,屢次打敗胡(hu)虜,除遼東屬國長(chang)史。常乘白馬,烏桓怕他(ta),互相告語:“我們要避開白馬長(chang)史。”
忠義(yi)堂:春(chun)秋時(shi)公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)和程嬰(ying)都是(shi)趙(zhao)朔(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)門客。趙(zhao)朔(shuo)為(wei)屠岸賈所殺,朔(shuo)妻(qi)遺腹(fu)生一子(zi)(zi)。杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)和程嬰(ying)設(she)計保存趙(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)孤(gu)兒:杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)把(ba)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)藏在山(shan)中(zhong),派程嬰(ying)向(xiang)屠岸賈回(hui)報說是(shi)趙(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)孤(gu)兒。屠岸賈就把(ba)公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)當(dang)成趙(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)孤(gu)兒和公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)一起殺了。程嬰(ying)保護著趙(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)孤(gu)兒長大成人(ren),終于(yu)報了趙(zhao)朔(shuo)被殺之仇。人(ren)稱公(gong)孫(sun)杵(chu)(chu)臼(jiu)舍掉自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)和自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)命存主人(ren)之孤(gu),既忠且(qie)義(yi)。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上(shang)聯典指(zhi)(zhi)隋朝時(shi)期的阜城(cheng)人(ren)公孫(sun)景茂,字(zi)元蔚,博(bo)覽經(jing)史(shi),在西魏時(shi)任(ren)太常博(bo)士(shi),對經(jing)史(shi)的錯誤多(duo)有(you)改(gai)動(dong),當(dang)時(shi)人(ren)稱為“書庫”。隋開皇初年官汝(ru)南(nan)太守,后歷(li)任(ren)息(xi)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)、道(dao)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)、淄州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),所(suo)到之(zhi)處,常用自己的薪俸幫助(zhu)病人(ren)、窮(qiong)人(ren)。下聯典指(zhi)(zhi)晉朝時(shi)期的上(shang)谷人(ren)公孫(sun)鳳(feng),字(zi)上(shang)鸞,隱居在昌(chang)黎(li)的九城(cheng)山谷,冬穿單衣(yi),夏吃餿食,彈琴吟詠,悠然自得(de)。朝廷屢次征召,不為所(suo)動(dong)。“弓旌”,為古(gu)代征聘(pin)士(shi)大夫之(zhi)禮。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上聯典(dian)指春(chun)秋時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的晉國公(gong)孫杵臼。下聯典(dian)指春(chun)秋戰國時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的齊國公(gong)孫丑。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上聯典指漢朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)薛人(ren)公孫(sun)弘,字季,小時(shi)候家里貧窮,四十多歲始(shi)學《春秋·雜說》,漢武帝兩次征召為博士,后任丞相(xiang),封平津侯,生活儉樸(pu),經常吃糙(cao)米,人(ren)們都(dou)佩服他的(de)勤儉。下聯典指唐朝(chao)時(shi)期的(de)教坊舞(wu)伎公孫(sun)大娘,善舞(wu)劍(jian)器,名冠一時(shi)。杜(du)甫曾有《觀公孫(sun)大娘弟(di)子舞(wu)劍(jian)器行(xing)》詩(shi)。書法家懷素曾見她舞(wu)西(xi)河劍(jian)器,遂(sui)凈其(qi)舞(wu)姿(zi)化用于書法,從(cong)此其(qi)草書大有長(chang)進,以狂(kuang)草著名。
脫粟稱平津之儉,舞劍(jian)示(shi)懷素之書
上聯典指漢朝(chao)時期的薛人(ren)公(gong)孫(sun)弘(hong)。下聯典指唐朝(chao)時期的教(jiao)坊舞伎公(gong)孫(sun)大娘。
孟(meng)門(men)受(shou)精微之(zhi)學,行人(ren)擅修飾(shi)之(zhi)能
上聯典(dian)指戰國時(shi)期的(de)齊(qi)(qi)國人(ren)公(gong)孫丑,孟子(zi)弟子(zi),非常(chang)傾(qing)慕春秋時(shi)齊(qi)(qi)國大夫(fu)管(guan)(guan)仲、晏嬰,曾向孟子(zi)請教(jiao)他們建功(gong)立(li)業的(de)精細隱微的(de)問題。下聯典(dian)指春秋時(shi)期的(de)鄭(zheng)國大夫(fu)公(gong)孫揮,字子(zi)羽,鄭(zheng)簡公(gong)時(shi)任行人(ren)(掌管(guan)(guan)朝覲(jin)聘問的(de)官)。《論(lun)語·憲問》中曾說:“鄭(zheng)國外交(jiao)辭令的(de)創制,裨湛起(qi)草(cao),世叔(shu)討論(lun),行人(ren)子(zi)羽修(xiu)飾,東里子(zi)產潤色(se)。”
孟氏(shi)及門(men),受(shou)精微之(zhi)學;行人(ren)子羽,擅修飾之(zhi)能
上聯典指戰國時期(qi)的(de)公孫(sun)丑(chou),孟子弟子,曾向孟子問(wen)何謂(wei)“不動心”和“浩然之氣”。又請(qing)問(wen)管仲和晏嬰的(de)功業。下(xia)聯典指春秋時期(qi)的(de)公孫(sun)揮,字子羽(yu)(yu)。熟諳諸侯政令(ling),且嫻于辭(ci)令(ling)。仕(shi)行人。《論(lun)語》:“行人子羽(yu)(yu)修飾之。”《左傳》論(lun)述:“鄭(zheng)國將有諸侯(外交)之事,子產乃問(wen)四國之事于子羽(yu)(yu)。”
黃(huang)(huang)帝(di):姓(xing)公孫(一說為(wei)姬姓(xing)),名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan),號軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)氏(shi)、有(you)熊氏(shi)和(he)歸藏氏(shi),被尊奉為(wei)“中(zhong)華(hua)始(shi)祖”。據《史記(ji)·五(wu)帝(di)本記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)者(zhe),少典之(zhi)子,姓(xing)公孫,名軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)。……黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)居軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)丘”。華(hua)夏族的締造者(zhe),五(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)首(shou),有(you)些說法(fa)被列為(wei)三皇之(zhi)一,是公認的中(zhong)華(hua)民族的祖先(xian)。
公(gong)孫僑:復姓(xing)公(gong)孫,名僑,字子(zi)(zi)產(chan),又字子(zi)(zi)美,鄭稱公(gong)孫。春(chun)秋時期鄭國的(de)(de)政治家和思(si)想(xiang)家。子(zi)(zi)產(chan)具有(you)人(ren)(ren)本主義的(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang),強調(diao)人(ren)(ren)事(shi),但也(ye)不否認鬼神。提出“天(tian)道(dao)(dao)遠,人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)邇,非所(suo)及也(ye)”。在子(zi)(zi)產(chan)看來,人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)先于天(tian)道(dao)(dao),天(tian)道(dao)(dao)可以存而不論,人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)則不能不察。被清(qing)朝的(de)(de)王(wang)源(yuan)推許為“春(chun)秋第一人(ren)(ren)”。
公孫(sun)鞅(yang),衛國(guo)國(guo)君的(de)后裔,姬姓、公孫(sun)氏,故稱(cheng)(cheng)衛鞅(yang),又稱(cheng)(cheng)公孫(sun)鞅(yang),后封(feng)于商(shang)(shang),后人稱(cheng)(cheng)之商(shang)(shang)鞅(yang)。在秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)執政(zheng)十九年,秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)大治(zhi),史稱(cheng)(cheng)商(shang)(shang)鞅(yang)變法。戰(zhan)國(guo)時期政(zheng)治(zhi)家,著(zhu)名法家代表人物。
公(gong)孫(sun)龍(long)(前320年(nian)-前250年(nian)):傳(chuan)說(shuo)字子秉,中國戰國時(shi)期趙國人(ren),曾經做過(guo)平原(yuan)君的門客,名(ming)家的代表人(ren)物(wu),其主(zhu)要著作為(wei)(wei)《公(gong)孫(sun)龍(long)子》,西(xi)漢時(shi)共(gong)有14篇,唐(tang)代時(shi)分為(wei)(wei)三卷,北宋時(shi)遺(yi)失了8篇,到如今只殘留6篇,共(gong)一(yi)卷。其中最重要的兩篇是(shi)《白(bai)馬論》和(he)(he)《堅白(bai)論》,提(ti)出了“白(bai)馬非馬”和(he)(he)“離(li)堅白(bai)”等論點(dian),是(shi)“離(li)堅白(bai)”學(xue)派的主(zhu)要代表。是(shi)著名(ming)的詭辯學(xue)代表著作,提(ti)出了邏輯學(xue)中的“個別(bie)”和(he)(he)“一(yi)般”之(zhi)間(jian)的相互關系,但把它們之(zhi)間(jian)的區別(bie)夸大(da),割斷二者的聯系,是(shi)一(yi)種形而上學(xue)的思(si)想體系。
公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述(shu):西漢(han)末年(nian)(nian)(nian),天下紛擾(rao),群雄競起,公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)遂自稱(cheng)輔漢(han)將軍兼領益(yi)州牧(mu)。建武元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(25年(nian)(nian)(nian)),公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)稱(cheng)帝于蜀,國號成家(一(yi)(yi)作大(da)(da)成或成),年(nian)(nian)(nian)號龍(long)興。建武十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(35年(nian)(nian)(nian)),漢(han)廷乃派兵(bing)(bing)征(zheng)討,被公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)所拒(ju)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian),復(fu)命大(da)(da)司(si)馬吳(wu)漢(han)舉兵(bing)(bing)來伐,攻破成都,縱兵(bing)(bing)大(da)(da)掠,盡誅公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏,“成家”為東漢(han)所亡。計公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)述(shu)割據(ju)益(yi)州稱(cheng)帝,共在位十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度(150-204年(nian)):字升濟(ji),遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)襄平(遼(liao)陽)人。有二子(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)康,康弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)恭,康子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)晃、公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)淵。少隨父遷居(ju)玄菟(tu)郡(jun)。初為(wei)(wei)玄菟(tu)小吏,繼升尚書郎、冀州刺史(shi),后被免官。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)中平六年(nian)(189年(nian)),經(jing)(jing)同鄉徐榮(rong)推薦,被董卓(zhuo)任(ren)命(ming)為(wei)(wei)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)太守。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度到任(ren)后,厲(li)行(xing)嚴刑峻法,打(da)擊豪強(qiang)勢(shi)力,使令行(xing)政通,羽翼漸豐。漢(han)獻帝初平元年(nian)(190年(nian)),中原地(di)區董卓(zhuo)亂(luan)起,各地(di)軍閥無暇東(dong)(dong)(dong)顧。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度趁(chen)機自立(li)為(wei)(wei)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)侯(hou)、平州牧。繼則東(dong)(dong)(dong)伐高(gao)句麗(li),西擊烏桓(huan),向(xiang)南取(qu)遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半島,開疆擴土;又招賢納士,設(she)館開學(xue),廣招流民,威行(xing)海外,儼然以遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)王自居(ju)。由于公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)度的(de)銳意(yi)進(jin)取(qu)和(he)苦心(xin)經(jing)(jing)營(ying),使遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)區在漢(han)末三(san)國的(de)戰亂(luan)年(nian)代,獲得了(le)暫時(shi)的(de)安寧,推動了(le)當地(di)生產技術(shu)和(he)封建(jian)文化的(de)發展。
公孫淵(yuan):字文(wen)懿。魏大司馬(ma),封樂浪公。公孫度之孫。后(hou)自稱燕王(wang)。為(wei)司馬(ma)懿所破。
公(gong)孫瓚(?-199):字(zi)伯珪,漢族(zu),遼西令支(今河北遷安)人。東(dong)漢末(mo)年獻帝年間占(zhan)據(ju)幽州一(yi)帶(dai)的軍閥,漢末(mo)群(qun)雄之(zhi)一(yi)。后(hou)為袁紹所破。其子公(gong)孫續,被公(gong)孫瓚派往(wang)黑山(shan)求(qiu)張燕來救已遲。后(hou)為屠(tu)各(ge)(休屠(tu)各(ge)的省稱(cheng),也稱(cheng)休屠(tu))所殺。