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第(di)五(wu)姓(xing)是漢族復姓(xing)之一(yi)(yi)，為(wei)田齊王族之后(hou)。秦末天下紛爭，起先被秦國(guo)所(suo)滅的(de)六國(guo)，其王族后(hou)裔(yi)們，爭先糾(jiu)集人馬反(fan)秦復國(guo)；而(er)在漢高(gao)祖劉邦建立漢朝后(hou)，顧慮到這(zhe)些(xie)復國(guo)失敗的(de)舊王族勢力(li)，便將他們紛紛遷出原籍，另外擇地安置。其中將田齊王族從(cong)第(di)一(yi)(yi)到第(di)八分為(wei)八支遷走(zou)，故而(er)后(hou)人以(yi)第(di)次(ci)為(wei)姓(xing)氏，第(di)五(wu)氏就(jiu)為(wei)這(zhe)里的(de)一(yi)(yi)支。如今，第(di)五(wu)姓(xing)多分布(bu)于陜西(xi)涇(jing)陽、旬(xun)邑一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)第(di)五(wu)姓(xing)現(xian)多演(yan)化為(wei)第(di)姓(xing)、五(wu)姓(xing)或伍(wu)姓(xing)。

第五氏出名的歷史(shi)人物有漢代大司空第五倫，唐(tang)代宰(zai)相第五琦等。

歷史發展

復姓(xing)第五可(ke)以追(zhui)溯到(dao)舜(shun)帝，其后(hou)(hou)有姚(yao)、媯(gui)、陳、胡(hu)、田，皆為同根(gen)同源(yuan)，史(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)“媯(gui)汭五姓(xing)”。后(hou)(hou)舜(shun)的后(hou)(hou)裔不(bu)斷發(fa)展，一直到(dao)商朝后(hou)(hou)期，舜(shun)的后(hou)(hou)代(dai)閼父(fu)(fu)歸順于周(zhou)文王，任陶正之官。后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)武王消(xiao)滅商紂，建立周(zhou)朝，并將長女大(da)姬(ji)嫁與閼父(fu)(fu)之子媯(gui)滿（舜(shun)后(hou)(hou)33代(dai)孫）。后(hou)(hou)來，武王追(zhui)封上(shang)古圣王的后(hou)(hou)裔，媯(gui)滿氏(shi)因此被封為陳侯，位于陳地(di)，國(guo)都位于今(jin)天河南淮(huai)陽(yang)縣。媯(gui)滿史(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)陳胡(hu)公(gong)，胡(hu)公(gong)滿，其后(hou)(hou)代(dai)以國(guo)為姓(xing)，從而產生了陳氏(shi)，后(hou)(hou)代(dai)以胡(hu)公(gong)謚(shi)號為氏(shi)，產生了胡(hu)氏(shi)。

陳(chen)姓在(zai)春秋中(zhong)期分出(chu)田(tian)姓。在(zai)陳(chen)厲(li)公時，陳(chen)國(guo)(guo)發生(sheng)了爭奪君位的內亂，陳(chen)厲(li)公之子(zi)陳(chen)完逃出(chu)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)避難，為(wei)避禍而改為(wei)田(tian)姓，陳(chen)完是田(tian)姓的始(shi)祖。陳(chen)完在(zai)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)受(shou)到禮遇，任工正。

陳完的(de)后(hou)代(dai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐漸發展，后(hou)掌握齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)481年(nian)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)乞(qi)之子田(tian)(tian)(tian)恒（田(tian)(tian)(tian)常子）殺齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸多(duo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族，另(ling)立(li)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)，進(jin)一(yi)步把持政權，又以“修公(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)391年(nian)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)成子四(si)世孫(sun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)和廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)386年(nian)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)和放逐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)于海(hai)上(shang)，自立(li)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君，同年(nian)為(wei)周(zhou)安王冊命(ming)為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯，并受(shou)到諸侯列國(guo)(guo)的(de)承認，這就(jiu)是歷史上(shang)著名的(de)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)”。前(qian)379年(nian)，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)死，姜(jiang)姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏仍以“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)號，史稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。

西(xi)漢時期，為(wei)了(le)增強關(guan)中的(de)經濟實力，削弱(ruo)各地(di)豪(hao)強的(de)殘(can)余勢力。將齊田(tian)氏分為(wei)八(ba)部，分別遷往西(xi)安一(yi)帶(dai)，并(bing)要(yao)他們(men)改(gai)姓“第(di)(di)一(yi)”“第(di)(di)二(er)”……一(yi)直到“第(di)(di)八(ba)”。

所(suo)以第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)出自田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，源自漢(han)代遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)齊(qi)國(guo)公族(zu)所(suo)改。據《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)考略(lve)》載：“齊(qi)田氏(shi)后(hou)，漢(han)時(shi)齊(qi)諸(zhu)田徙(xi)至京兆房陵，以次第(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有第(di)(di)(di)一至第(di)(di)(di)八。”又《后(hou)漢(han)書(shu)·第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫(lun)傳》載：“后(hou)或(huo)改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高(gao)祖劉(liu)邦建立漢(han)朝后(hou)，為(wei)(wei)了增(zeng)強關(guan)中的經濟實力，削弱地方門(men)閥勢力，將豪族(zu)名門(men)共十萬(wan)多人都(dou)遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)到關(guan)中房陵（今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)咸陽一帶）一帶定居。在遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)原齊(qi)國(guo)田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貴(gui)族(zu)時(shi)，因(yin)族(zu)大人眾，以門(men)第(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)一至第(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi)，例如田廣的弟(di)弟(di)田英(ying)為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi)，其(qi)(qi)孫田登為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)，元孫田癸(gui)為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)中的一支(zhi)，也就(jiu)產生了第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”氏(shi)這一支(zhi)后(hou)來(lai)出了不少名人，得以較普遍流傳，所(suo)以作為(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)到《續(xu)百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中。第(di)(di)(di)一至第(di)(di)(di)八等(deng)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，后(hou)來(lai)都(dou)改為(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)”及“五(wu)”（伍）兩個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)，現(xian)在保留復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的很少。

傳統文化

郡望堂號

隴西郡(jun)：秦置(zhi)隴西郡(jun)，治狄道（今甘肅省(sheng)臨(lin)洮南）。曹(cao)魏移治襄武（今東鄉以東及隴西南一帶地(di)區）。隋唐為渭(wei)州(zhou)隴西郡(jun)。

東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡：東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡始建于秦始皇五年(庚申，公元前242年)，取原魏國之(zhi)地置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡，包括河北大名府(fu)、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)、及長(chang)清(qing)縣以(yi)西(xi)一帶地區(qu)。西(xi)漢時(shi)(shi)期(qi)因之(zhi)，治所在(zai)濮陽(yang)縣(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)濮陽(yang))，其時(shi)(shi)轄地在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)省南(nan)部(bu)(bu)仆陽(yang)縣及山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)一帶地區(qu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初其平中嘗治武(wu)陽(yang)，臧洪為太守，又治東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽(yang)。西(xi)晉朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)廢黜，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝復置(zhi)，在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)滑縣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)。北魏王朝徙治至滑臺(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)滑縣)，隋朝初期(qi)廢黜，后(hou)曾以(yi)兗(yan)州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡，此兗(yan)州(zhou)是由滑州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)滑縣)改名而成，并非今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省之(zhi)兗(yan)州(zhou)。南(nan)朝宋國再置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡，在(zai)河南(nan)陳州(zhou)府(fu)境。

隴西堂：以望立堂。

東郡堂：以望立堂，亦稱江扈堂。

宗祠楹聯

廉貞忠(zhong)厚；正(zheng)直清(qing)高。

——佚名撰第五姓

上聯(lian)(lian)典指東(dong)漢長陵人(ren)第(di)五倫，字伯魚，耿直無(wu)私，以清(qing)節(jie)著稱(cheng)。建(jian)武年間舉孝廉，官會(hui)稽太守，章帝時任(ren)司空。下聯(lian)(lian)典指第(di)五倫的曾孫第(di)五種。

清高正直；忠厚(hou)廉貞。

——佚名(ming)撰第五姓宗祠通(tong)用聯

上(shang)聯典指東漢·第(di)五種為(wei)官清正，名冠州郡，時人謂(wei)：“清高正直(zhi)，以(yi)種為(wei)首。”下聯典指第(di)五種的曾(ceng)祖(zu)父第(di)五倫為(wei)司空(kong)，奉公(gong)盡節，所得俸祿僅給衣食，余皆散(san)資(zi)貧民。

家譜文獻

維揚(yang)邗東(dong)第(di)五氏宗譜，著者待考，民國年間木刻活(huo)字印本兩冊。現被收(shou)藏在江蘇(su)省常(chang)州市家(jia)譜收(shou)藏者朱炳(bing)國處。

陜西旬邑(yi)第五(wu)氏家譜(pu)，著者待考，民國年間手寫本(ben)。現被(bei)收藏(zang)在陜西省咸(xian)陽市旬邑(yi)縣魏洛村第五(wu)氏宗祠。

姓氏名望

第五(wu)倫：字伯(bo)魚，京兆長陵(ling)人也，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢大司空（即東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢宰相）。其(qi)先齊諸田(tian)，諸田(tian)徙園陵(ling)者多，故以次第為氏。第五(wu)倫曾為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初年光武帝(di)(di)、明帝(di)(di)、章帝(di)(di)三(san)朝(chao)元老，為官(guan)清(qing)廉無私，盡忠守(shou)節(jie)，其(qi)后(hou)輩(bei)有五(wu)人在朝(chao)為官(guan)，與東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢相始終(zhong)。

第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)：字子(zi)陵，第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫少子(zi)；京兆長陵人(今陜西咸陽)。著名東漢(han)大臣。先(xian)為(wei)郡功曹，州從事，公府辟舉(ju)高(gao)第(di)，后為(wei)侍(shi)御(yu)史(shi)，南頓令，桂陽、南陽、廬江三(san)郡太(tai)(tai)(tai)守，諫議大夫。漢(han)順帝之(zhi)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)廢也，第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)中大夫，與太(tai)(tai)(tai)仆(pu)來歷等(deng)共(gong)守闕固爭。漢(han)順帝即位，第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)擢為(wei)將作大匠，卒(zu)官。

第(di)五種(zhong)：字(zi)興先，歷官高(gao)(gao)密侯相、兗州(zhou)刺史。因彈劾中常侍單超及其(qi)侄子單匡，屢受陷害(hai)。當(dang)時人(ren)說：“清高(gao)(gao)正直，以第(di)五種(zhong)為第(di)一。”

第五訪(fang)：字仲謀，東(dong)漢中期京兆(zhao)長陵（今陜(shan)西省咸陽(yang)市(shi)東(dong)北）人。

第五(wu)上：東漢刺(ci)史，為官冠名州郡，永壽中以(yi)奉使稱職，拜高密侯相(xiang)，懲治貪惡，剛(gang)直(zhi)不(bu)宥。

第五元(yuan)先：東漢學者，通(tong)京(jing)氏易、公羊春秋(qiu)、三(san)統歷、九章算術，為(wei)鄭康成之師。

第五琦(qi)：唐代同中(zhong)書門下平章(zhang)事（即唐朝宰(zai)相）。曾為(wei)扶風郡(jun)公，京兆尹，改(gai)戶部侍郎，判(pan)度支等，能言強國富(fu)民術，不益(yi)賦而用(yong)以饒。乾元時(shi)升任同中(zhong)書門下平章(zhang)事，終年七十(shi)歲，贈(zeng)太子(zi)少保、子(zi)峰。

第(di)五可范(fan)：唐(tang)昭(zhao)宗的親信宦官，后來權(quan)臣朱溫迫使唐(tang)昭(zhao)宗將(jiang)第(di)五可范(fan)賜死(si)。

第五(wu)均：宋朝人，官至宰相，生卒(zu)不(bu)詳。

人口統計

中國(guo)復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)要聚居(ju)在(zai)陜西省咸陽市的魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun)和埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)，這兩個(ge)村(cun)子除(chu)了個(ge)別的雜姓(xing)外(wai)，基本都復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)。另外(wai)在(zai)全國(guo)各地(di)的其它地(di)方(fang)也散居(ju)著很多復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)。臺灣有7家復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)，其祖先在(zai)今(jin)天的魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun)，主(zhu)(zhu)要居(ju)住在(zai)臺北市內湖區。

中(zhong)國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚居最(zui)多的就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省旬邑縣太村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)赤道社區魏洛村(cun)(cun)(cun)，全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)有(you)4000多人都姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)介紹，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)為田齊王族(zu)之后。祖(zu)上傳說(shuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漢(han)朝就(jiu)(jiu)住在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里。村(cun)(cun)(cun)上建有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)三朝宰相(xiang)祠堂”，即(ji)東(dong)漢(han)漢(han)明帝(di)時(shi)期大(da)司(si)空：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫，唐朝唐肅宗時(shi)期宰相(xiang)：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)琦，宋朝（時(shi)期不詳）宰相(xiang)：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)宗族(zu)家(jia)譜”。2007年1月13日(ri)，陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省涇陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)地理雜志的攝影師馬宏(hong)杰指揮(hui)幾十位(wei)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)拍集體(ti)照，因為這(zhe)些村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)都姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個(ge)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)其實并不鮮見，古時(shi)候從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”到(dao)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)”都是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)，《百(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)的最(zui)后8個(ge)字就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)言福、百(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)都曾存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo)，不過(guo)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)最(zui)多的了，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)主要分布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)涇陽和旬邑。

今江蘇省的揚州市(shi)(shi)(shi)，天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)，陜西省的咸陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)涇(jing)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、旬(xun)邑縣(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)、西安市(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)陵縣(xian)(xian)，寧(ning)夏回(hui)族(zu)自(zi)治區(qu)的吳(wu)忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈(ling)武市(shi)(shi)(shi)，甘(gan)肅省的慶陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、浙江省的舟山市(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)海縣(xian)(xian)，安徽省的滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi)，臺(tai)灣(wan)省的臺(tai)北市(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)湖區(qu)等地，均有第(di)五氏(shi)族(zu)人分布，總人口在六千(qian)以(yi)上。

其中：姓(xing)第五(有(you)(you)的(de)寫成(cheng)第伍)的(de)在甘肅有(you)(you)178人，姓(xing)第的(de)有(you)(you)1587人，合計(ji)1765人，主要(yao)分布(bu)在甘肅省(sheng)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和合水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)，蘭(lan)州市(shi)、嘉峪關市(shi)、白銀市(shi)也有(you)(you)分布(bu)。甘肅寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)第（第五）家(jia)族，主要(yao)居住在早勝鎮、良(liang)平鎮等地(di)，據考(kao)證，其祖先是從陜(shan)西旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道鄉(xiang)魏洛村遷徙(xi)而(er)來。

研究考證

《姓(xing)氏考略(lve)》：齊田氏后，漢時齊諸田徙至(zhi)京兆房陵，以次第為姓(xing)，有第一至(zhi)第八。

《后漢(han)書·第五倫傳》：后或(huo)改姓。