第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓是漢(han)族(zu)復姓之(zhi)一(yi),為(wei)田齊(qi)王(wang)族(zu)之(zhi)后(hou)。秦末天(tian)下紛(fen)爭(zheng),起先被秦國(guo)所滅(mie)的六國(guo),其王(wang)族(zu)后(hou)裔們,爭(zheng)先糾集人馬反(fan)秦復國(guo);而在漢(han)高(gao)祖劉邦建(jian)立漢(han)朝后(hou),顧慮到這(zhe)些(xie)復國(guo)失(shi)敗的舊王(wang)族(zu)勢力,便將他們紛(fen)紛(fen)遷出(chu)原籍,另外擇地(di)安置。其中將田齊(qi)王(wang)族(zu)從第(di)一(yi)到第(di)八(ba)分(fen)為(wei)八(ba)支遷走,故而后(hou)人以第(di)次為(wei)姓氏,第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏就為(wei)這(zhe)里的一(yi)支。如今,第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓多(duo)分(fen)布(bu)于陜西涇陽、旬邑一(yi)帶(dai),一(yi)些(xie)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓現多(duo)演(yan)化為(wei)第(di)姓、五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓或伍(wu)姓。
第五氏出(chu)名的歷史人物有漢代大(da)司(si)空第五倫,唐代宰相第五琦等。
復姓第五可以追(zhui)溯(su)到(dao)(dao)舜帝(di),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)有姚、媯(gui)(gui)、陳(chen)、胡(hu)、田(tian),皆為(wei)同(tong)根同(tong)源,史(shi)稱“媯(gui)(gui)汭五姓”。后(hou)(hou)舜的(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)不斷發展(zhan),一直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)商朝后(hou)(hou)期(qi),舜的(de)后(hou)(hou)代閼父(fu)歸順于周文王,任陶正之(zhi)官。后(hou)(hou)周武王消滅商紂(zhou),建(jian)立周朝,并將(jiang)長(chang)女大(da)姬(ji)嫁與(yu)閼父(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)媯(gui)(gui)滿(man)(舜后(hou)(hou)33代孫(sun))。后(hou)(hou)來,武王追(zhui)封上古圣(sheng)王的(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi),媯(gui)(gui)滿(man)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)因此被(bei)封為(wei)陳(chen)侯(hou),位(wei)于陳(chen)地,國都位(wei)于今天河南淮陽縣。媯(gui)(gui)滿(man)史(shi)稱陳(chen)胡(hu)公,胡(hu)公滿(man),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)代以國為(wei)姓,從而產生了陳(chen)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),后(hou)(hou)代以胡(hu)公謚號(hao)為(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),產生了胡(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。
陳姓在春秋中(zhong)期(qi)分出(chu)田(tian)姓。在陳厲(li)公時,陳國發生了(le)爭奪君位的(de)內亂,陳厲(li)公之子陳完逃出(chu)齊國避難,為避禍(huo)而改為田(tian)姓,陳完是田(tian)姓的(de)始(shi)祖。陳完在齊國受到禮遇,任工正。
陳(chen)完的后代(dai)田(tian)(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)逐(zhu)漸(jian)發展,后掌握(wo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)國(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)481年,田(tian)(tian)乞之子(zi)田(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)常子(zi))殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)與諸多公(gong)(gong)族,另(ling)立(li)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong),進一步(bu)把持政權,又以“修公(gong)(gong)行賞(shang)”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)391年,田(tian)(tian)成(cheng)子(zi)四世(shi)孫田(tian)(tian)和廢(fei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)386年,田(tian)(tian)和放逐(zhu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)于海上(shang),自立(li)為國(guo)君,同年為周安王冊(ce)命為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并(bing)受到諸侯列國(guo)的承認,這就是歷史(shi)上(shang)著(zhu)名的“田(tian)(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)(qian)379年,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)氏仍以“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為國(guo)號(hao),史(shi)稱“田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西漢時期(qi),為了(le)增強(qiang)關(guan)中的(de)經濟實力(li),削(xue)弱各地豪強(qiang)的(de)殘余勢力(li)。將齊田氏分(fen)為八(ba)部,分(fen)別遷往西安(an)一帶,并要(yao)他們改姓“第一”“第二”……一直到“第八(ba)”。
所(suo)以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五出(chu)自田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),源自漢(han)代遷(qian)徙齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國公族(zu)所(suo)改。據《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考略》載:“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou),漢(han)時(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)徙至(zhi)京兆房(fang)陵(ling),以(yi)次(ci)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。”又《后(hou)(hou)漢(han)書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五倫傳(chuan)》載:“后(hou)(hou)或改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高(gao)祖劉邦建(jian)立(li)漢(han)朝后(hou)(hou),為(wei)了增(zeng)強關中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)經濟實(shi)力(li),削弱地方門閥勢(shi)力(li),將豪族(zu)名門共(gong)十(shi)萬(wan)多人都遷(qian)徙到關中(zhong)(zhong)房(fang)陵(ling)(今陜西咸陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居。在遷(qian)徙原齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)時(shi),因族(zu)大人眾(zhong),以(yi)門第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)順(shun)序被分(fen)為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)廣(guang)的(de)(de)弟弟田(tian)英為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),其孫田(tian)登為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)癸為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)就是其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)支,也(ye)就產(chan)生了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五”氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支后(hou)(hou)來出(chu)了不少名人,得以(yi)較普遍流傳(chuan),所(suo)以(yi)作為(wei)顯(xian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)收到《續(xu)百(bai)家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)等姓(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)(hou)來都改為(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五”(伍)兩個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),現(xian)在保留復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)很(hen)少。
隴(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun):秦置隴(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun),治狄道(dao)(今甘肅省臨(lin)洮南)。曹魏移治襄武(今東鄉以東及隴(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南一帶地區)。隋唐為渭州(zhou)隴(long)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡:東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡始建于(yu)秦始皇(huang)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(庚(geng)申(shen),公(gong)元前242年(nian)(nian)),取原魏(wei)國之地(di)置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡,包括河(he)北(bei)(bei)大名(ming)府、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府、及(ji)長清縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)西一帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)。西漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)因之,治(zhi)(zhi)所在濮(pu)(pu)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)河(he)南濮(pu)(pu)陽),其時(shi)轄地(di)在今(jin)河(he)南省(sheng)南部(bu)仆(pu)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)及(ji)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西部(bu)一帶(dai)地(di)區(qu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)初其平中(zhong)嘗(chang)治(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)陽,臧(zang)洪(hong)為太(tai)守,又治(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽。西晉朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)廢黜(chu),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝復(fu)置,在今(jin)河(he)南滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)王朝徙治(zhi)(zhi)至滑(hua)臺(今(jin)河(he)南滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),隋朝初期(qi)(qi)廢黜(chu),后曾以(yi)兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡,此(ci)兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)是由(you)滑(hua)州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)河(he)南滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))改名(ming)而(er)成,并(bing)非今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)。南朝宋國再置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡,在河(he)南陳(chen)州(zhou)(zhou)府境。
隴西堂(tang):以望立堂(tang)。
東郡堂(tang):以(yi)望立堂(tang),亦稱(cheng)江扈(hu)堂(tang)。
廉(lian)貞忠(zhong)厚;正直清高。
——佚名(ming)撰第五(wu)姓
上聯典(dian)(dian)指東漢長陵人第五(wu)倫(lun),字伯魚,耿直無私,以清節著稱。建武年間舉孝廉,官會(hui)稽太(tai)守,章帝時任司(si)空(kong)。下聯典(dian)(dian)指第五(wu)倫(lun)的曾孫(sun)第五(wu)種。
清高正直;忠(zhong)厚廉貞(zhen)。
——佚名(ming)撰第(di)五(wu)姓宗祠(ci)通用聯
上(shang)聯典指東(dong)漢·第(di)五種(zhong)為官清正(zheng),名冠(guan)州(zhou)郡,時人謂:“清高正(zheng)直(zhi),以種(zhong)為首。”下聯典指第(di)五種(zhong)的曾祖父第(di)五倫為司空(kong),奉公盡節,所得俸(feng)祿僅(jin)給衣食,余皆散資貧民。
維(wei)揚邗東(dong)第五氏宗譜(pu),著者(zhe)待考,民國(guo)年間木刻活字印本兩冊。現被收(shou)藏(zang)在江蘇省常州市家譜(pu)收(shou)藏(zang)者(zhe)朱炳國(guo)處。
陜西旬邑第五氏家譜,著者(zhe)待考,民國(guo)年間(jian)手寫本。現(xian)被收(shou)藏在陜西省咸陽市旬邑縣魏洛村第五氏宗祠。
第五倫:字伯魚,京兆(zhao)長陵人也,東(dong)(dong)漢大司空(即東(dong)(dong)漢宰相)。其先齊諸田,諸田徙園陵者(zhe)多,故(gu)以次第為氏(shi)。第五倫曾(ceng)為東(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)年(nian)光武帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三(san)朝元(yuan)老,為官清廉無私,盡忠守節,其后輩(bei)有五人在(zai)朝為官,與東(dong)(dong)漢相始終。
第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡:字(zi)子(zi)陵,第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫少子(zi);京兆長(chang)陵人(ren)(今陜西(xi)咸陽(yang))。著名東漢大臣。先為(wei)(wei)郡功(gong)曹,州從事,公府辟舉(ju)高第(di),后為(wei)(wei)侍(shi)御(yu)史(shi),南頓令,桂陽(yang)、南陽(yang)、廬(lu)江三郡太(tai)守,諫議大夫(fu)。漢順(shun)帝之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)廢也(ye),第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡為(wei)(wei)太(tai)中大夫(fu),與太(tai)仆來歷等共守闕固爭。漢順(shun)帝即(ji)位,第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡擢為(wei)(wei)將(jiang)作大匠(jiang),卒官。
第五(wu)種:字興(xing)先,歷官高密侯相、兗州刺史。因彈劾中常侍(shi)單超及其侄(zhi)子單匡,屢(lv)受陷害。當時人(ren)說(shuo):“清高正直,以第五(wu)種為第一。”
第五訪:字仲謀(mou),東漢中(zhong)期京兆長陵(今陜西省咸陽市東北)人。
第五上:東(dong)漢刺史,為官冠(guan)名州(zhou)郡,永壽中以奉使稱職(zhi),拜高(gao)密侯相,懲治(zhi)貪惡,剛直不(bu)宥(you)。
第五元先:東(dong)漢學者,通(tong)京(jing)氏易(yi)、公(gong)羊春秋、三(san)統歷、九章算術,為鄭康成(cheng)之師。
第五琦:唐(tang)代同(tong)中書(shu)門下平(ping)章事(shi)(即唐(tang)朝(chao)宰相)。曾為(wei)扶風郡公,京(jing)兆尹,改戶(hu)部侍(shi)郎,判度支等,能言(yan)強國富民術(shu),不益賦(fu)而用(yong)以饒。乾元(yuan)時升(sheng)任同(tong)中書(shu)門下平(ping)章事(shi),終(zhong)年(nian)七十(shi)歲,贈(zeng)太子少保、子峰。
第五(wu)可范:唐昭宗(zong)的親信宦(huan)官(guan),后來權臣朱溫(wen)迫使唐昭宗(zong)將第五(wu)可范賜(si)死(si)。
第五均:宋(song)朝人,官至宰相,生卒(zu)不(bu)詳。
中(zhong)國(guo)復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)主(zhu)要聚(ju)居在陜西省咸陽市(shi)的(de)魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun)和埝口五(wu)村(cun),這兩(liang)個(ge)村(cun)子除了個(ge)別的(de)雜姓(xing)外(wai),基本都復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)。另外(wai)在全(quan)國(guo)各地(di)的(de)其(qi)它地(di)方也散居著很多復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu)。臺灣有7家復姓(xing)第(di)五(wu),其(qi)祖先在今天的(de)魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun),主(zhu)要居住在臺北(bei)市(shi)內湖區。
中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)”聚居最多的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)在陜西省旬(xun)邑縣太村(cun)(cun)鎮赤道社區魏(wei)洛村(cun)(cun),全(quan)村(cun)(cun)有4000多人(ren)都(dou)(dou)(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)民介紹(shao),第(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)田齊王族之后。祖上(shang)傳說在漢(han)朝(chao)就(jiu)住在這里。村(cun)(cun)上(shang)建有“第(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)三朝(chao)宰相(xiang)(xiang)祠堂”,即東漢(han)漢(han)明帝時(shi)期大(da)司(si)空:第(di)(di)五(wu)倫,唐朝(chao)唐肅宗時(shi)期宰相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)五(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期不詳)宰相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)五(wu)均。有“第(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)宗族家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜西省涇陽縣埝(nian)口五(wu)村(cun)(cun)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地理雜志(zhi)的(de)攝影師馬宏杰指揮幾十位村(cun)(cun)民拍(pai)集(ji)體照,因為(wei)這些村(cun)(cun)民都(dou)(dou)(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)”。“第(di)(di)五(wu)”這個(ge)姓(xing)(xing)其實并不鮮見(jian),古時(shi)候(hou)從“第(di)(di)一”到(dao)“第(di)(di)八”都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),《百家姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)的(de)最后8個(ge)字(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)“第(di)(di)五(wu)言福(fu)、百家姓(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)一到(dao)第(di)(di)八都(dou)(dou)(dou)曾存(cun)在過(guo),不過(guo)現在第(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)最多的(de)了,第(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)主要分布在陜西涇陽和旬(xun)邑。
今江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)揚州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi),陜(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)咸陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)、西安市(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian)(xian),寧夏(xia)回族自治區的(de)(de)(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)、靈(ling)武市(shi)(shi),甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)慶陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)寧縣(xian)(xian)、浙江省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)定海縣(xian)(xian),安徽省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),臺灣省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)臺北市(shi)(shi)內湖區等(deng)地,均有第五氏(shi)族人分布,總(zong)人口在六千以上。
其中:姓第五(有(you)的寫成第伍)的在(zai)甘(gan)(gan)肅有(you)178人,姓第的有(you)1587人,合計1765人,主要分布在(zai)甘(gan)(gan)肅省(sheng)寧縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和合水縣(xian)(xian),蘭州市、嘉峪關(guan)市、白銀市也有(you)分布。甘(gan)(gan)肅寧縣(xian)(xian)的第(第五)家族,主要居(ju)住在(zai)早(zao)勝鎮、良平鎮等地,據考證(zheng),其祖先是從陜西旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道(dao)鄉(xiang)魏洛村遷徙而來。
《姓(xing)氏考略》:齊田(tian)氏后(hou),漢時齊諸田(tian)徙至(zhi)京兆房陵,以次第為姓(xing),有第一至(zhi)第八。
《后(hou)(hou)漢書·第五(wu)倫(lun)傳》:后(hou)(hou)或改姓(xing)。