龍睛金(jin)魚(yu)指的(de)是脊(ji)椎動物門的(de)一(yi)種魚(yu)類,其一(yi)般(ban)體長15~20厘米。體側扁而高,體較(jiao)厚,腹部(bu)圓。一(yi)般(ban)體背(bei)面灰黑色,腹面銀灰色,各鰭條灰白色。因生長水(shui)(shui)域不(bu)同,體色深淺有差異。喜棲(qi)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)草叢生的(de)淺水(shui)(shui)河灣(wan)與(yu)湖泊(bo)沿岸水(shui)(shui)域,生命力(li)較(jiao)強,甚(shen)至在(zai)低氧、堿性較(jiao)大的(de)不(bu)良水(shui)(shui)體中也能生長繁殖(zhi)。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)眼金魚依(yi)體色(se)可分(fen)為紅龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅白(bai)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、五花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱砂眼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)(zi)藍花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅頭(tou)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等品(pin)系。其(qi)變異的品(pin)種有紅龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫(zi)(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅頭(tou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以及各色(se)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻鰓帽子等。
龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)。即(ji)雙眼(yan)(yan)向兩側橫向凸出的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu),屠(tu)隆在《金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)品》中(zhong)記載了明代(dai)已(yi)有(you)(you)此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)異,而(er)且當時(shi)人(ren)們還(huan)以“眼(yan)(yan)貴于紅凸”的(de)魚(yu)(yu)品為尚。在以后有(you)(you)關金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)著(zhu)作(zuo)中(zhong),人(ren)們將“眼(yan)(yan)若(ruo)銅(tong)鈴”的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)視為佳種(zhong)(zhong),《金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)飼育法(fa)》中(zhong)將“身粗(cu)而(er)勻,尾(wei)大而(er)正(zheng),睛(jing)齊而(er)稱,體正(zheng)而(er)圓,口(kou)團而(er)闊。于水中(zhong)起(qi)落游動穩重平正(zheng),無俯仰奔竄(cuan)之(zhi)(zhi)狀”作(zuo)為龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)鑒賞(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)標準。又(you)說“龍(long)(long)睛(jing)魚(yu)(yu),此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)如墨,至尺余不(bu)變(bian)色(se)者(zhe)為上,謂之(zhi)(zhi)墨龍(long)(long)睛(jing)。又(you)有(you)(you)純白、純紅、純翠(cui)者(zhe),有(you)(you)大片(pian)紅花(hua)者(zhe)、細碎紅點者(zhe)、虎(hu)皮者(zhe)、紅白翠(cui)黑(hei)雜(za)花(hua)者(zhe),變(bian)幻多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)能細述。文人(ren)每(mei)就其(qi)花(hua)色(se)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)。”根據古人(ren)的(de)“看法(fa)”,各色(se)龍(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)可謂琳瑯滿目,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)魚(yu)(yu)文化藝術欣賞(shang)有(you)(you)紅龍(long)(long)、白龍(long)(long)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)、花(hua)龍(long)(long)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)、紫龍(long)(long),有(you)(you)朱砂眼(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)眼(yan)(yan)、銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)、有(you)(you)水晶眼(yan)(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)(yan)、琥(hu)珀眼(yan)(yan)、燈籠(long)眼(yan)(yan),有(you)(you)墨眼(yan)(yan)、雪(xue)眼(yan)(yan)、紫眼(yan)(yan)等(deng)等(deng)。
至(zhi)晚清,人們又將龍睛金魚中眼睛向上翻轉的培育成為(wei)(wei)朝天龍金魚,還將背鰭退化的培育成為(wei)(wei)蛋種龍睛金魚
龍睛(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)又(you)稱龍種金(jin)魚(yu)或龍睛(jing)。是金(jin)魚(yu)家(jia)族(zu)中(zhong)的代(dai)表種,也(ye)是金(jin)魚(yu)家(jia)族(zu)中(zhong)的主要觀(guan)賞品(pin)種,被視為(wei)金(jin)魚(yu)種群之(zhi)正宗(zong),譽為(wei)金(jin)魚(yu)的總代(dai)表種。其主要特征是體軀短粗,頭平而(er)寬,尾(wei)鰭(qi)發達分為(wei)4葉,背鰭(qi)高聳,胸鰭(qi)略呈三角形,鱗片圓而(er)且大。眼(yan)球突出眼(yan)眶之(zhi)外,甚(shen)似(si)龍眼(yan),故(gu)又(you)名龍睛(jing)金(jin)魚(yu)。
龍(long)睛金(jin)魚(yu)的(de)(de)變異(yi)品種非(fei)常多(duo),有(you)的(de)(de)很珍貴。比如通體鳥黑,有(you)黑牡(mu)丹、混(hun)江龍(long)之稱的(de)(de)“墨(mo)龍(long)睛”。尾(wei)鰭變異(yi)為蝶(die)形(xing)、游動如蝴蝶(die)飛舞(wu)的(de)(de)墨(mo)蝶(die)尾(wei)”。周身12處呈紅色的(de)(de)“十二紅龍(long)睛”。黑白斑(ban)紋酷似(si)喜鵲(que)的(de)(de)喜鵲(que)花龍(long)睛”和外形(xing)與熊貓相似(si)的(de)(de)“熊貓金(jin)魚(yu)”等(deng)
為廣適(shi)性魚(yu)類,無論(lun)在深水(shui)(shui)(shui)、淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)、清水(shui)(shui)(shui)、濁水(shui)(shui)(shui)、流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、靜水(shui)(shui)(shui) 大水(shui)(shui)(shui)體和小水(shui)(shui)(shui)體中均可生活。