龍睛金魚(yu)指的(de)是脊椎動物門的(de)一(yi)(yi)種魚(yu)類,其一(yi)(yi)般(ban)體(ti)長(chang)15~20厘米。體(ti)側扁而(er)高,體(ti)較厚,腹部圓。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)體(ti)背面(mian)灰黑色,腹面(mian)銀灰色,各鰭條灰白(bai)色。因生長(chang)水(shui)域(yu)不同,體(ti)色深淺(qian)有差(cha)異。喜棲于水(shui)草叢生的(de)淺(qian)水(shui)河灣與湖(hu)泊沿岸水(shui)域(yu),生命力較強,甚至在低(di)氧、堿性較大的(de)不良水(shui)體(ti)中也能(neng)生長(chang)繁殖。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)眼金(jin)魚(yu)依體色可(ke)分為紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)白花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、五(wu)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、朱砂眼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫藍花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等(deng)品系。其變(bian)異的品種有(you)紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五(wu)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)以及(ji)各色的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻鰓帽子等(deng)。
龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)。即雙眼(yan)向兩側(ce)橫(heng)向凸(tu)(tu)出的(de)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu),屠隆(long)在《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)品》中(zhong)(zhong)記載了明代已有(you)(you)此(ci)種變異(yi),而且當時人(ren)們還以“眼(yan)貴于紅(hong)凸(tu)(tu)”的(de)魚(yu)品為尚。在以后(hou)有(you)(you)關金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)的(de)著作中(zhong)(zhong),人(ren)們將(jiang)“眼(yan)若銅鈴”的(de)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)視為佳種,《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)飼育法》中(zhong)(zhong)將(jiang)“身粗而勻(yun),尾(wei)大而正(zheng)(zheng),睛齊而稱,體(ti)正(zheng)(zheng)而圓,口團而闊。于水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)起落(luo)游動穩(wen)重(zhong)平正(zheng)(zheng),無俯仰奔竄之(zhi)狀”作為龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)鑒賞之(zhi)標準。又(you)說“龍(long)(long)睛魚(yu),此(ci)種黑如墨(mo),至(zhi)尺余不變色(se)者為上,謂(wei)之(zhi)墨(mo)龍(long)(long)睛。又(you)有(you)(you)純白(bai)、純紅(hong)、純翠者,有(you)(you)大片紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)者、細碎(sui)紅(hong)點者、虎(hu)皮者、紅(hong)白(bai)翠黑雜花(hua)(hua)者,變幻(huan)多種,不能細述(shu)。文(wen)人(ren)每就其花(hua)(hua)色(se)名(ming)之(zhi)。”根據(ju)古人(ren)的(de)“看法”,各色(se)龍(long)(long)睛金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)可謂(wei)琳(lin)瑯滿(man)目,金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)文(wen)化藝(yi)術欣(xin)賞有(you)(you)紅(hong)龍(long)(long)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)、黑龍(long)(long)、花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)、紫(zi)(zi)龍(long)(long),有(you)(you)朱(zhu)砂眼(yan)、金(jin)(jin)眼(yan)、銀(yin)眼(yan)、金(jin)(jin)銀(yin)眼(yan)、有(you)(you)水(shui)晶眼(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)、琥珀眼(yan)、燈籠眼(yan),有(you)(you)墨(mo)眼(yan)、雪眼(yan)、紫(zi)(zi)眼(yan)等(deng)等(deng)。
至晚清,人們又將龍睛(jing)金(jin)魚中(zhong)眼(yan)睛(jing)向(xiang)上翻(fan)轉的培育成為(wei)朝天龍金(jin)魚,還將背鰭退化(hua)的培育成為(wei)蛋種龍睛(jing)金(jin)魚
龍(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚又(you)稱龍(long)種(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)魚或龍(long)睛(jing)。是(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚家族中的(de)代(dai)表(biao)種(zhong)(zhong),也是(shi)金(jin)(jin)魚家族中的(de)主(zhu)要觀賞品種(zhong)(zhong),被視為金(jin)(jin)魚種(zhong)(zhong)群之正宗,譽為金(jin)(jin)魚的(de)總代(dai)表(biao)種(zhong)(zhong)。其主(zhu)要特征是(shi)體(ti)軀短粗(cu),頭平而(er)寬,尾鰭發達分(fen)為4葉,背鰭高聳,胸鰭略呈(cheng)三角形(xing),鱗片圓而(er)且(qie)大。眼球(qiu)突出眼眶之外(wai),甚似龍(long)眼,故又(you)名龍(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚。
龍(long)睛金(jin)魚的變異品種非常多(duo),有的很珍貴。比如通體鳥黑,有黑牡丹、混(hun)江龍(long)之稱的“墨龍(long)睛”。尾鰭變異為蝶形、游動如蝴蝶飛舞的墨蝶尾”。周身(shen)12處(chu)呈紅(hong)色的“十二(er)紅(hong)龍(long)睛”。黑白斑紋酷似(si)喜鵲的喜鵲花(hua)龍(long)睛”和(he)外(wai)形與熊(xiong)貓(mao)相似(si)的“熊(xiong)貓(mao)金(jin)魚”等
為(wei)廣適(shi)性魚(yu)類,無論(lun)在(zai)深水(shui)(shui)(shui)、淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)、清水(shui)(shui)(shui)、濁水(shui)(shui)(shui)、流水(shui)(shui)(shui)、靜水(shui)(shui)(shui) 大水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)和小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)中均可(ke)生(sheng)活。