通山(shan)(shan)(shan)地貌為“八山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)水一(yi)(yi)分(fen)田”,大(da)致(zhi)呈西南高(gao)、東低的不規(gui)則狀況,平均(jun)海(hai)拔(ba)為400米—900米之間(jian)。九(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)茶區立地多為山(shan)(shan)(shan)區和低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵地域。主要(yao)伴生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物有馬尾松、翠柏(bo)、杉(shan)類、楓類、櫟(li)、紅豆杉(shan)、香框、紅木(mu)、銀杏等(deng)(deng)林(lin)木(mu)以及厚樸、杜仲、黃(huang)連、百合、桔(jie)梗(geng)、黃(huang)金、貝母(mu)等(deng)(deng)野生(sheng)(sheng)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率為76.8%。九(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)茶種植(zhi)(zhi)境內(nei)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為風(feng)化石砂質黃(huang)棕壤(rang),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力中等(deng)(deng)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質平均(jun)含量(liang)為5.31%,全(quan)氮含量(liang)0.12%,速效磷含量(liang)16—21毫克/千克,速效鉀含量(liang)100—130毫克/千克,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH4.5—5.5之間(jian)。這些高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)二高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶生(sheng)(sheng)態優(you)良,植(zhi)(zhi)被多樣,雨量(liang)充沛(pei),溫暖濕潤,朝夕云霧繚繞,砂頁(ye)巖母(mu)質發育的酸性紅黃(huang)壤(rang),礦質元素及速效鉀含量(liang)豐(feng)富,為造就九(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)茶獨特品質的優(you)越生(sheng)(sheng)態自然條件。
富水河位于長江(jiang)中(zhong)游南(nan)(nan)岸,發源于通山(shan)(shan)與江(jiang)西(xi)省武寧縣交界(jie)的(de)幕埠(bu)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)八底洞。由西(xi)南(nan)(nan)向東北流(liu)經通山(shan)(shan)縣,出富池口注入長江(jiang)。
通山縣屬中亞熱帶季風溫(wen)(wen)暖濕潤氣候(hou)區,光照充(chong)足,熱量(liang)豐富。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數(shu)1962.3小時。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度為(wei)17.2°C,≥10°C的(de)活動積溫(wen)(wen)4386.3°C,全年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜(shuang)期248天,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨量(liang)為(wei)1829.3毫米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨天數(shu)為(wei)161.5天,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)為(wei)1389.6毫米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕度為(wei)82%。
九(jiu)宮山茶(cha)因制作(zuo)加工(gong)工(gong)藝不(bu)同(tong),產品可分為扁(bian)形茶(cha)與條形茶(cha)。扁(bian)形茶(cha)其品質外形扁(bian)平挺(ting)直,嫩(nen)綠隱毫(hao)湯色綠亮,香氣持久,滋味鮮醇(chun)回(hui)甘,葉底嫩(nen)綠明亮。條形茶(cha)其品質條索緊結重實,色澤油潤,栗香持久,滋味醇(chun)厚,葉底綠亮,清香四(si)溢,耐沖(chong)泡。
九宮(gong)(gong)山茶的(de)生產地為湖北省通山縣廈鋪(pu)鎮(zhen)、闖(chuang)王鎮(zhen)、九宮(gong)(gong)山鎮(zhen)、楊芳(fang)林(lin)鄉、洪港(gang)鎮(zhen)等五個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),地處鄂南(nan)地區幕阜(fu)山脈中段(duan)九宮(gong)(gong)山及周(zhou)邊群山,地理坐標東經114?15′—114?58′,北緯29?19′—29?33′。
質量控制技術規范(fan)編號:AGI2020-01-2564
安全要求
九(jiu)宮山(shan)茶產品(pin)質量安全規定(ding)按照《綠色食(shi)品(pin) 茶葉》NY/T288的規定(ding)執行。
特定生產方式
1、園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)擇:良好的土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境條件和肥力是茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)立(li)地(di)之(zhi)本,是茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉優質高(gao)產的基礎。九(jiu)宮山茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產地(di)一(yi)般選(xuan)擇遠離(li)城鎮、工廠、污染源的丘陵地(di)帶,以利于(yu)(yu)防止灰塵、廢水(shui)、廢氣以及人類農事活動給茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉帶來污染。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)四周有(you)樹(shu)林(lin)環(huan)(huan)(huan)抱的更好,有(you)利于(yu)(yu)提高(gao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉自(zi)然品質。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)要求(qiu)土(tu)壤(rang)深厚(60—80厘米)肥沃,養分含(han)量(liang)(liang)豐富而且平衡,有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao),土(tu)壤(rang)偏酸性(pH值4.5—5.5),土(tu)體(ti)疏(shu)松,通透性良好,不(bu)積水(shui)。土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)砷、汞、鎘、鉻、銅等有(you)害重金(jin)屬含(han)量(liang)(liang)必須低于(yu)(yu)國家綠色食(shi)品茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產加(jia)工技術規定的標(biao)準。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)連片(pian),要有(you)一(yi)定的規模。在有(you)利于(yu)(yu)保護和改善(shan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境、維(wei)護茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態平衡、便于(yu)(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)灌溉和機(ji)械化作業的地(di)方建立(li)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)最為理想(xiang)。土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境、水(shui)質、大氣質量(liang)(liang)等按照《NY/T391綠色食(shi)品產地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)》的規定執行。
2、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹品種(zhong)(zhong):主要品種(zhong)(zhong)為當地(di)群體種(zhong)(zhong)及近年(nian)引進的鄂茶(cha)(cha)(cha)系(xi)列品種(zhong)(zhong),如:鄂茶(cha)(cha)(cha)8、五峰212等無性系(xi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹良種(zhong)(zhong)。
3、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)栽:茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)栽最佳季節(jie)的(de)選擇,應(ying)因地制宜,一(yi)(yi)般選擇在春節(jie)前后(hou),最遲不(bu)(bu)超過二月(yue)份(fen),特(te)別是早芽種。在雨水分布(bu)均勻,又有(you)灌(guan)溉條件(jian)的(de)地區可選擇在10月(yue)—11月(yue)上(shang)旬移(yi)(yi)栽,因秋季移(yi)(yi)栽,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)經一(yi)(yi)個多(duo)(duo)(duo)月(yue)護理后(hou)即可萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)新(xin)根(gen),次年(nian)三月(yue)初就(jiu)可以萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)新(xin)梢,比二月(yue)份(fen)移(yi)(yi)栽的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)要(yao)(yao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)發(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)輪新(xin)梢。移(yi)(yi)栽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)采用(yong)(yong)開溝或(huo)開穴種植法,開穴深寬一(yi)(yi)般為12厘米×20厘米,穴大有(you)利于(yu)根(gen)系(xi)伸展發(fa)(fa)育。移(yi)(yi)栽時,先(xian)用(yong)(yong)黃泥漿蘸茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)部(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)帶土(tu)(tu)(tu)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)可不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)黃泥漿蘸根(gen)),然(ran)后(hou)分級把(ba)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)分放在穴中,種植茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)頸離土(tu)(tu)(tu)表距離3厘米左右,根(gen)系(xi)離底肥10厘米以上(shang),一(yi)(yi)邊分發(fa)(fa)一(yi)(yi)邊種植;種植時要(yao)(yao)把(ba)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)根(gen)系(xi)舒(shu)展開,蓋上(shang)細土(tu)(tu)(tu),用(yong)(yong)手或(huo)用(yong)(yong)腳將(jiang)(jiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壓緊,使茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)根(gen)系(xi)和濕土(tu)(tu)(tu)接觸良好。檢(jian)查種植質量(liang)的(de)辦法是用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)氣(qi)力才能將(jiang)(jiang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)拔(ba)出來(lai)而且有(you)少量(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)帶出地面,則茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)就(jiu)算種好了。如果不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)力能輕輕將(jiang)(jiang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)(miao)拔(ba)出來(lai),則沒有(you)種好,應(ying)重新(xin)壓緊。種植后(hou)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)澆(jiao)足定(ding)(ding)根(gen)水,然(ran)后(hou)在根(gen)部四周撒上(shang)一(yi)(yi)層細土(tu)(tu)(tu),有(you)條件(jian)的(de)可以鋪(pu)草保濕,減少土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水分蒸發(fa)(fa)。種植后(hou)視天氣(qi)情況每(mei)5—7天澆(jiao)水1次,確(que)保全苗(miao)(miao)壯苗(miao)(miao)。
4、茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)定(ding)(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)一般分三次完成(cheng)。第(di)一次定(ding)(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)離(li)地(di)面(mian)15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)—20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)處剪(jian)(jian)去頂芽(ya)(ya)(茶(cha)(cha)苗移栽后(hou)進(jin)行(xing));第(di)二次定(ding)(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)待茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)長(chang)到45—50厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)時,離(li)地(di)面(mian)30—40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)剪(jian)(jian)去上面(mian)枝(zhi)條(tiao),并繼續留養,這時千萬不(bu)能采(cai)(cai)摘;第(di)三次定(ding)(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)當(dang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)達60—70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上在(zai)第(di)2次剪(jian)(jian)口上提高(gao)15—20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)或離(li)地(di)面(mian)45—50厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)剪(jian)(jian)平(ping)。茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)經(jing)過3次定(ding)(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)后(hou),蓬(peng)面(mian)的(de)高(gao)度(du)和幅度(du)均達到一定(ding)(ding)的(de)采(cai)(cai)摘要(yao)求(qiu),便可(ke)逐(zhu)步投入正式采(cai)(cai)摘,要(yao)絕(jue)對(dui)防止過早采(cai)(cai)摘。春(chun)茶(cha)(cha)前期可(ke)多采(cai)(cai)名優茶(cha)(cha)、中(zhong)期可(ke)適當(dang)提早結(jie)束,在(zai)去年的(de)剪(jian)(jian)口上再提高(gao)5—10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)進(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),把蓬(peng)面(mian)剪(jian)(jian)成(cheng)弧形(xing),即可(ke)投入正常生產。輕(qing)(qing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)對(dui)于(yu)投產茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)來說,也需要(yao)每(mei)年進(jin)行(xing)輕(qing)(qing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)或深修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),一方面(mian)有效控制(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)高(gao)度(du),另一方面(mian)不(bu)斷更新生產枝(zhi),提高(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)面(mian)育芽(ya)(ya)能力(li)。同(tong)時,運用(yong)合理(li)(li)采(cai)(cai)摘技術(shu),適當(dang)留養,合理(li)(li)控制(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)高(gao)幅度(du),只有這樣才能有助于(yu)茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)始終保持旺盛的(de)育芽(ya)(ya)能力(li),以后(hou)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)控制(zhi)在(zai)60—80厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間即可(ke)。
5、土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)管理(li):茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生(sheng)長好(hao)壞,茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)產(chan)量(liang)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)高低與施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)種類(lei)、數量(liang)密切相關(guan)。按照綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產(chan)技術宜多施(shi)(shi)質(zhi)優、營養成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)專用肥(fei)(fei)(fei),這樣(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生(sheng)長旺(wang)盛(sheng),產(chan)量(liang)高、品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)。因此,應(ying)堅持合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa),以重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)腐熟有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(符合(he)NY5020用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun))為(wei)主,合(he)理(li)配(pei)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。冬施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每畝用菜子餅(bing)(或花(hua)生(sheng)餅(bing))300千(qian)(qian)(qian)克,或施(shi)(shi)豬糞(fen)、雞糞(fen)1000千(qian)(qian)(qian)克、有(you)(you)機復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)(qian)(qian)克、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)(qian)(qian)克,混合(he)拌勻后在樹(shu)冠垂直下(xia)方(fang)開(kai)(kai)深(shen)溝施(shi)(shi)下(xia)蓋土(tu)(tu),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時間在秋(qiu)茶(cha)(cha)剛結束的(de)(de)(de)10—11月(yue)(yue)份前下(xia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)最好(hao)。早(zao)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料在雨水的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)分(fen)(fen)解加(jia)快,春(chun)(chun)茶(cha)(cha)萌發(fa)前即可(ke)吸收利(li)用,有(you)(you)利(li)提(ti)高春(chun)(chun)茶(cha)(cha)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)質(zhi),而施(shi)(shi)晚了(le)春(chun)(chun)茶(cha)(cha)用不上,到夏茶(cha)(cha)才能利(li)用,不利(li)春(chun)(chun)茶(cha)(cha)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)也一樣(yang)(yang),一定(ding)要掌握施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時期,圍繞春(chun)(chun)、夏、秋(qiu)三季(ji)茶(cha)(cha)芽(ya)萌發(fa)前20天(tian)左右施(shi)(shi)下(xia),2齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)年追(zhui)(zhui)純氮2.5—3.0千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/畝,3—4齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)年追(zhui)(zhui)純氮5.0—7.0千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/畝,4—5齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)年追(zhui)(zhui)純氮7.5—10千(qian)(qian)(qian)克/畝,分(fen)(fen)春(chun)(chun)、夏兩(liang)季(ji)施(shi)(shi)入。成(cheng)齡(ling)采摘(zhai)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)每生(sheng)產(chan)100千(qian)(qian)(qian)克干茶(cha)(cha)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)12—15千(qian)(qian)(qian)克,分(fen)(fen)3次施(shi)(shi)入,即2月(yue)(yue)底3月(yue)(yue)初力爭早(zao)施(shi)(shi)催芽(ya)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),5月(yue)(yue)中下(xia)旬追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)夏肥(fei)(fei)(fei),8月(yue)(yue)上旬追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)秋(qiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)開(kai)(kai)溝深(shen)10厘米,將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)下(xia)蓋土(tu)(tu)。總之(zhi),不論是(shi)冬肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),適(shi)當早(zao)施(shi)(shi)比晚施(shi)(shi)效果好(hao)。適(shi)當多施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),可(ke)提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力,增加(jia)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)產(chan)量(liang),對(dui)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高,特別是(shi)香氣、滋味(wei)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)最明(ming)顯。
6、鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai):鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)是(shi)(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培中(zhong)最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序。鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)從(cong)(cong)(cong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)其幼(you)嫩芽(ya)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)供(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)獲得較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)價值。因此(ci)(ci),鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞,不(bu)僅關系到當年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),又關系到茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)常(chang)年生(sheng)(sheng)長發育(yu),鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)與(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)和(he)(he)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。九宮山茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)扁形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)芽(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)初展和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)芽(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)占98%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)條(tiao)形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)芽(ya)二葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)占60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)芽(ya)三(san)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)占40%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持如下(xia)(xia)三(san)個采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)結合原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze),幼(you)齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方面,必須注(zhu)意(yi)留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)主,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)為(wei)輔,保(bao)證(zheng)年生(sheng)(sheng)長期內(nei)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)批新葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)子留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)幅度逐漸擴(kuo)大。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持“五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)五(wu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、量(liang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兼顧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze):成齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)面為(wei)標準,在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)面上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)集(ji)中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)面下(xia)(xia)集(ji)中(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。即“采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)面養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)底、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)側、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)低、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)密(mi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)稀、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)大養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)小”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze),這種(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)由于采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)界限分明(ming),既能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)持樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面積(ji)進行光合作(zuo)用,為(wei)面上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)集(ji)中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)提供(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分,促進多發芽(ya)和(he)(he)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)分枝數(shu),擴(kuo)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)面,從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)達到產(chan)(chan)量(liang)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)三(san)兼顧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)方法上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),手工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用清(qing)潔(jie)、通風(feng)性良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹簍盛裝鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)運送茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang),防(fang)止(zhi)鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變和(he)(he)混(hun)入有毒有害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求提手采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),不(bu)宜抓(zhua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),要(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)勻、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)凈,不(bu)夾(jia)(jia)帶鱗片、魚葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)果與(yu)(yu)老葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)宜早采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、嫩采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)檔(dang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)留(liu)魚葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主,夏茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)留(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),秋茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)適(shi)當留(liu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。同時(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),因為(wei)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)沒(mei)有及(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)而(er)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),不(bu)僅影響茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)量(liang),也(ye)給(gei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長發育(yu)帶來(lai)較(jiao)多弊端:(1)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)沒(mei)有及(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)來(lai),會抑(yi)制(zhi)和(he)(he)推(tui)遲下(xia)(xia)輪(lun)新梢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌發,減少采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)批數(shu);(2)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)所上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)空間位置,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片老化較(jiao)快(kuai)、生(sheng)(sheng)理功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)下(xia)(xia)降,影響光合作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行,也(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao);(3)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)形(xing)成開(kai)花結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)部位,生(sheng)(sheng)殖性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)很(hen)強(qiang),又要(yao)(yao)(yao)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)大量(liang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分;(4)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)在(zai)(zai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)形(xing)成短(duan)小細弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗枝,冗枝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)長能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)很(hen)低,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形(xing)成翌年有效生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)枝,影響正常(chang)芽(ya)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)長和(he)(he)比例下(xia)(xia)降。從(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述存(cun)在(zai)(zai)問題來(lai)看,不(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或少采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)代替留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)起到留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。因此(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)必須強(qiang)調及(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)對(dui)(dui)夾(jia)(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)。另(ling)外,有條(tiao)件時(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用機采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),但采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機應(ying)使用無鉛汽油(you)和(he)(he)機油(you),防(fang)止(zhi)污染鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)和(he)(he)土壤。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)市場(chang)為(wei)導(dao)向、以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)為(wei)重點(dian)、以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)效益為(wei)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze):因為(wei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)商品(pin),競(jing)爭(zheng)性強(qiang),不(bu)但需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)數(shu)量(liang)多,而(er)且需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)更好(hao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色食品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)適(shi)銷(xiao)對(dui)(dui)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),投放(fang)市場(chang),讓消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者喝上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)干凈衛生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“放(fang)心茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”,市場(chang)信譽高(gao)(gao)(gao),銷(xiao)路廣,才會獲得好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益。因此(ci)(ci),鮮(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)跟著(zhu)市場(chang)走,按照加(jia)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)結構(gou)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)等級標準進行采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)檔(dang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)名優(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)其效益最好(hao)。
7、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防控:從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)整(zheng)個生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統出(chu)發(fa),綜(zong)合運用(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)種農業(ye)(ye)技術措施,創造不利(li)(li)于病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)物孳生(sheng)和(he)有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于各(ge)(ge)類(lei)天(tian)敵繁(fan)衍的環境(jing)條(tiao)件,保(bao)護茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統的平衡和(he)生(sheng)物的多(duo)樣性,將(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)物控制在允許的經(jing)濟閾值以(yi)下,將(jiang)(jiang)農藥(yao)殘留降低到(dao)規定標準的范圍。以(yi)保(bao)證生(sheng)產的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)食品(pin)符合國家茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)衛生(sheng)質(zhi)量指標。(1)農業(ye)(ye)防治。綠色(se)食品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)的病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防治應(ying)以(yi)農業(ye)(ye)防治為(wei)主,提高茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)自身抗(kang)性,減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)與危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)較強的良種,如鄂茶(cha)(cha)(cha)8號、五(wu)峰212等(deng)品(pin)種。合理密植,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)(shuang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雙(shuang)(shuang)株(zhu)或雙(shuang)(shuang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)單株(zhu)種植方(fang)式,畝植5000—6000株(zhu)。適時(shi)修剪(jian)(jian),成齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)根據不同的樹(shu)勢在茶(cha)(cha)(cha)季(ji)結束(shu)或春(chun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)前進行(xing)(xing)(xing)輕修剪(jian)(jian),春(chun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)結束(shu)后進行(xing)(xing)(xing)重修剪(jian)(jian),并(bing)同時(shi)剪(jian)(jian)去(qu)枯弱(ruo)枝、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝和(he)徒(tu)長(chang)枝。平衡施肥,根據生(sheng)產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)類(lei)和(he)土壤肥力合理配比(bi)氮、磷、鉀三要素比(bi)例,保(bao)持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)營(ying)養平衡,增強抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力。中耕除草(cao),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)深翻除草(cao),既能使(shi)有(you)(you)些害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的蛹和(he)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)暴露于地表而死亡,又能減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的寄(ji)生(sheng)場所。分(fen)批多(duo)次(ci)采(cai)摘,此法(fa)可(ke)抵制茶(cha)(cha)(cha)小綠葉(xie)(xie)蟬、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)蚜的發(fa)生(sheng),也可(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)部分(fen)螨類(lei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。冬季(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)消毒(du),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)季(ji)結束(shu),將(jiang)(jiang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)四周的枯枝落葉(xie)(xie)、雜草(cao)蒿桿清理出(chu)園(yuan)(yuan)燒毀或深埋,同時(shi)噴施45%晶(jing)體石硫合劑封園(yuan)(yuan),以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越冬基數,減(jian)(jian)輕來年危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。(2)生(sheng)物防治。利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)敵昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)菌、農用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)素及其它生(sheng)防制劑等(deng)控制茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),利(li)(li)于保(bao)持生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)平衡。(3)普及物理防治。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工捕殺(sha),減(jian)(jian)輕茶(cha)(cha)(cha)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)麗紋象甲(jia)等(deng)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的趨性,進行(xing)(xing)(xing)燈光誘(you)(you)(you)殺(sha)、色(se)板(ban)誘(you)(you)(you)殺(sha)或異性誘(you)(you)(you)殺(sha)。
8、茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong):(1)扁(bian)(bian)形茶(cha)(cha)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技術工(gong)(gong)序(xu) 扁(bian)(bian)形茶(cha)(cha)在(zai)名優茶(cha)(cha)中占(zhan)比例最大,市(shi)場(chang)容量大。扁(bian)(bian)形茶(cha)(cha)制作工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程為鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)攤放(薄(bo)攤6—10小(xiao)時)→殺(sha)青(qing)(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)280oC殺(sha)青(qing)3-5分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))→冷卻(que)(風機協(xie)助冷卻(que))→理(li)條(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)160oC理(li)條3—5分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))→壓扁(bian)(bian)(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)120oC5—8分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))→煇鍋(guo)(guo)(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)120oC—90o炒(chao)干)→歸堆(dui)→裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)等8道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。使(shi)成(cheng)茶(cha)(cha)外形扁(bian)(bian)平挺直(zhi),香(xiang)高持久,滋味濃爽。(2)條形(炒(chao)青(qing))茶(cha)(cha)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技術工(gong)(gong)序(xu) 條形茶(cha)(cha)又叫炒(chao)青(qing)綠茶(cha)(cha),制作工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程為鮮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)經攤放(薄(bo)攤6—10小(xiao)時)→殺(sha)青(qing)(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)380oC殺(sha)青(qing)3—5分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))→冷卻(que)(風機協(xie)助冷卻(que))→揉捻(輕5分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)10分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輕3分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)加(jia)(jia)壓)→炒(chao)二青(qing)(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)180oC5—10分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))→回潮(薄(bo)攤)→炒(chao)干(鍋(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)90oC左右炒(chao)干)→歸堆(dui)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang)等8道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。使(shi)成(cheng)茶(cha)(cha)條索緊(jin)結,色澤(ze)油(you)潤,湯色嫩(nen)綠明亮,天然香(xiang)氣(qi)持久,滋味醇厚,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)底(di)嫩(nen)勻。
經審(shen)核符合(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條件的(de)(de),九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)登記(ji)證書持有人(ren),通(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶葉協(xie)(xie)會應按照生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營年度與標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)申請人(ren)簽訂(ding)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi),在協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)中載明適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數量、范圍及相(xiang)關(guan)法律責任和(he)義務。協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)有效期為3年。農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)(yi)生效后,標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)方可在九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或者九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝上使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)登記(ji)的(de)(de)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行宣傳和(he)參加展覽、展示(shi)和(he)展銷活(huo)動(dong)。印刷農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應當符合(he)《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識設(she)計使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規范手(shou)冊》要(yao)(yao)求。全(quan)國可追溯防(fang)偽加貼型農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)部(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量安全(quan)中心統一設(she)計制作,農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)可以根據(ju)要(yao)(yao)求選擇使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。5.3使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權的(de)(de)撤銷獲準使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者或經營者,存在下(xia)列情(qing)況之一的(de)(de),由登記(ji)證書持有人(ren)通(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶葉協(xie)(xie)會,撤銷其(qi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權,并報(bao)送相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)門備案。
1、標志(zhi)使用人未嚴格按照九(jiu)宮山茶質(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術規范進行生產的。
2、生產區域超出九宮(gong)山(shan)茶登(deng)記保護范圍(wei)的(de)。
3、買(mai)賣、轉讓、加貼標(biao)志的。
4、有證據證明生產經(jing)營的茶產品品質不符(fu)合質量控制技術規范要(yao)求的品質特征和安(an)全標準的。
5、未按照規(gui)定要求建立九(jiu)宮山茶標(biao)(biao)志使用(yong)制度(du)及產品可(ke)追溯檔案(an),標(biao)(biao)志使用(yong)檔案(an),拒絕接受相關(guan)部門(men)監督檢查的。
6、未(wei)經許可,標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使用人擅自在(zai)其他產品上擴大使用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志或超過協議期限(xian)使用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志的。
2019年,九宮山茶產地種植規模1200公頃(qing)。
2011年(nian),通山(shan)縣(xian)九宮山(shan)有(you)(you)機茶基地(di)所屬商標(biao)“九宮山(shan)”牌有(you)(you)機茶獲湖北省著名(ming)商標(biao)稱號(hao)。
2013年(nian),九宮山(shan)茶葉生產(chan)專業合作社(she)“九宮山(shan)”品牌(pai)茶葉獲2013年(nian)度全國供(gong)銷(xiao)合作社(she)“百佳標(biao)準(zhun)化農產(chan)品品牌(pai)”稱號。
2019年1月17日,中華人(ren)民共和國農業農村部批準對“九(jiu)宮山(shan)茶”實施國家(jia)農產品地理(li)標志登記保護。
九(jiu)宮山(shan)種植茶葉歷史悠久,晉代有“入武(wu)昌(chang)山(shan)采茗”的記載,咸寧屬武(wu)昌(chang)郡,唯九(jiu)宮山(shan)是大山(shan),“武(wu)昌(chang)山(shan)”當指九(jiu)宮山(shan)一代,1958年(nian)和1980年(nian)兩次在(zai)這里發現古原(yuan)生(sheng)茶樹后裔。
九宮山(shan)(shan)茶根植(zhi)于九宮山(shan)(shan)的道教文(wen)化,宋代山(shan)(shan)上便有“茶寮觀(guan)”,《九宮山(shan)(shan)志》載:“稚三(san)峰(feng)高地,有茶一(yi)頃”。
咸寧(ning)赤(chi)壁(bi)是中(zhong)(zhong)國綠茶(cha)的(de)故(gu)鄉(xiang),茶(cha)葉的(de)栽培與(yu)加工,在赤(chi)壁(bi)有(you)著悠久(jiu)的(de)歷史。全市有(you)千畝以上茶(cha)場4個,其中(zhong)(zhong)就有(you)通山闖王的(de)虎頭山茶(cha)場。
2016年(nian),九宮山茶葉生產專業合作(zuo)社成(cheng)功與清華大學海峽(xia)關系學院簽(qian)約成(cheng)為全國首家(jia)產學研(yan)一體的示范基地。