通山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地貌(mao)為(wei)(wei)“八山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一水一分田”,大致呈西南(nan)高(gao)、東低的(de)(de)不規則狀況(kuang),平均(jun)海拔為(wei)(wei)400米(mi)—900米(mi)之(zhi)間(jian)。九宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶(cha)區立地多為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區和低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵地域。主要伴生(sheng)植(zhi)物有馬尾松、翠柏(bo)、杉類、楓類、櫟(li)、紅(hong)豆杉、香框、紅(hong)木、銀杏等(deng)林木以(yi)及(ji)厚樸、杜仲、黃(huang)連、百合、桔梗、黃(huang)金、貝母(mu)等(deng)野生(sheng)藥用植(zhi)物,森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率為(wei)(wei)76.8%。九宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶(cha)種(zhong)植(zhi)境內(nei)土壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)風化石砂質(zhi)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang),土壤(rang)(rang)肥力中等(deng)。土壤(rang)(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)平均(jun)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)5.31%,全氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.12%,速(su)(su)效磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)16—21毫克(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke),速(su)(su)效鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)100—130毫克(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke),土壤(rang)(rang)pH4.5—5.5之(zhi)間(jian)。這些(xie)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)二高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地帶生(sheng)態優(you)良,植(zhi)被多樣,雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,溫暖濕潤,朝(chao)夕云(yun)霧繚繞(rao),砂頁巖母(mu)質(zhi)發育的(de)(de)酸性紅(hong)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang),礦質(zhi)元素(su)及(ji)速(su)(su)效鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)豐富,為(wei)(wei)造(zao)就九宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茶(cha)獨特(te)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)優(you)越生(sheng)態自然(ran)條(tiao)件。
富(fu)水河位于(yu)(yu)長江(jiang)中(zhong)游南岸(an),發源于(yu)(yu)通山與江(jiang)西省武寧縣交界的幕埠山脈八底(di)洞。由西南向東(dong)北流經(jing)通山縣,出富(fu)池口注(zhu)入長江(jiang)。
通(tong)山縣(xian)屬中亞(ya)熱(re)帶季(ji)風溫(wen)暖(nuan)濕(shi)潤氣候(hou)區,光(guang)照充足(zu),熱(re)量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數1962.3小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度(du)為17.2°C,≥10°C的活動積溫(wen)4386.3°C,全年(nian)(nian)無霜期248天,晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)大。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)為1829.3毫米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)天數為161.5天,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)為1389.6毫米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)為82%。
九宮山茶(cha)因(yin)制作(zuo)加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)不(bu)同,產品可分(fen)為扁(bian)(bian)形(xing)茶(cha)與條形(xing)茶(cha)。扁(bian)(bian)形(xing)茶(cha)其品質外形(xing)扁(bian)(bian)平挺直,嫩綠隱毫湯色綠亮,香氣持久,滋味(wei)鮮(xian)醇(chun)回(hui)甘(gan),葉(xie)底(di)嫩綠明(ming)亮。條形(xing)茶(cha)其品質條索(suo)緊結重實,色澤油潤(run),栗香持久,滋味(wei)醇(chun)厚(hou),葉(xie)底(di)綠亮,清香四(si)溢(yi),耐沖(chong)泡(pao)。
九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶的生(sheng)產地(di)為(wei)湖北省通山(shan)(shan)縣廈鋪鎮、闖王鎮、九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)鎮、楊芳(fang)林鄉(xiang)、洪港鎮等五個鄉(xiang)鎮,地(di)處鄂南地(di)區幕阜山(shan)(shan)脈中段九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)及周(zhou)邊群山(shan)(shan),地(di)理坐標(biao)東經114?15′—114?58′,北緯(wei)29?19′—29?33′。
質(zhi)量控制技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范編號:AGI2020-01-2564
安全要求
九宮(gong)山(shan)茶產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全規定(ding)按(an)照《綠色食品 茶葉》NY/T288的(de)規定(ding)執行。
特定生產方式
1、園地(di)(di)選擇:良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)和(he)肥(fei)力是茶(cha)(cha)樹立地(di)(di)之(zhi)本,是茶(cha)(cha)葉優質高產的(de)(de)基礎。九宮山(shan)茶(cha)(cha)產地(di)(di)一般選擇遠離城鎮、工(gong)廠、污染(ran)源的(de)(de)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai),以利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)防止(zhi)灰塵、廢水(shui)、廢氣以及人類農(nong)事活動給茶(cha)(cha)葉帶(dai)來污染(ran)。茶(cha)(cha)園四周(zhou)有(you)(you)樹林環(huan)(huan)(huan)抱的(de)(de)更好(hao)(hao),有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)提高茶(cha)(cha)葉自然品(pin)質。茶(cha)(cha)園要求土(tu)壤深(shen)厚(60—80厘(li)米)肥(fei)沃,養分含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富而且平(ping)衡(heng),有(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較高,土(tu)壤偏酸(suan)性(pH值4.5—5.5),土(tu)體(ti)疏(shu)松,通透性良好(hao)(hao),不積水(shui)。土(tu)壤中砷、汞、鎘、鉻(ge)、銅(tong)等(deng)有(you)(you)害重(zhong)金屬(shu)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)必(bi)須低于(yu)(yu)國(guo)家綠色食品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)生產加工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規定的(de)(de)標準。茶(cha)(cha)園集(ji)中連片,要有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)規模。在有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)保護和(he)改善茶(cha)(cha)區生態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)、維護茶(cha)(cha)園生態平(ping)衡(heng)、便于(yu)(yu)茶(cha)(cha)園灌(guan)溉和(he)機(ji)械化作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方建立茶(cha)(cha)園最(zui)為(wei)理想。土(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)、水(shui)質、大(da)氣質量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)按照《NY/T391綠色食品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)》的(de)(de)規定執行。
2、茶樹品(pin)種(zhong):主要品(pin)種(zhong)為當(dang)地群體種(zhong)及近年引(yin)進的(de)鄂茶系(xi)列品(pin)種(zhong),如:鄂茶8、五(wu)峰(feng)212等無性(xing)系(xi)茶樹良種(zhong)。
3、茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)移栽:茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)移栽最佳季節的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇,應因地制宜,一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)春節前后(hou),最遲不(bu)超過二(er)(er)月(yue)份,特別(bie)是早(zao)芽種。在(zai)(zai)(zai)雨水(shui)分(fen)布均勻,又(you)有灌溉條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)地區可選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)—11月(yue)上旬移栽,因秋季移栽,茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)經一(yi)(yi)個(ge)多(duo)月(yue)護(hu)理后(hou)即可萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)新根(gen)(gen)(gen),次年三月(yue)初就可以萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)新梢,比二(er)(er)月(yue)份移栽的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)要多(duo)發(fa)一(yi)(yi)輪新梢。移栽茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)多(duo)采用(yong)開溝(gou)或(huo)開穴種植(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),開穴深寬(kuan)一(yi)(yi)般為12厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)×20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),穴大(da)有利(li)于根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)伸展發(fa)育。移栽時(shi),先用(yong)黃泥漿蘸茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)帶土(tu)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)可不(bu)用(yong)黃泥漿蘸根(gen)(gen)(gen)),然后(hou)分(fen)級把(ba)茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)分(fen)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)穴中,種植(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)頸離土(tu)表(biao)距(ju)離3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)左右,根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)離底(di)肥10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)以上,一(yi)(yi)邊分(fen)發(fa)一(yi)(yi)邊種植(zhi)(zhi);種植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)要把(ba)茶(cha)(cha)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)舒展開,蓋(gai)上細土(tu),用(yong)手或(huo)用(yong)腳將(jiang)(jiang)土(tu)壓(ya)緊(jin),使茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)和濕(shi)土(tu)接觸良好。檢查種植(zhi)(zhi)質量的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)是用(yong)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)氣力(li)才能將(jiang)(jiang)茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)拔出來(lai)(lai)而且有少量土(tu)帶出地面(mian),則茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)就算種好了。如果不(bu)用(yong)氣力(li)能輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)拔出來(lai)(lai),則沒有種好,應重新壓(ya)緊(jin)。種植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要澆足定(ding)根(gen)(gen)(gen)水(shui),然后(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)四(si)周撒上一(yi)(yi)層細土(tu),有條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可以鋪草保濕(shi),減少土(tu)壤水(shui)分(fen)蒸發(fa)。種植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)視天氣情(qing)況每5—7天澆水(shui)1次,確(que)保全苗(miao)壯苗(miao)。
4、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian):茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)定(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一般分三次完(wan)成(cheng)。第(di)一次定(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)離地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)15厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)—20厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)處剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu)頂芽(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)苗移栽后(hou)進行(xing));第(di)二次定(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)待(dai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)長到45—50厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)時(shi),離地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)30—40厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)枝(zhi)條,并(bing)繼續(xu)留養(yang),這(zhe)時(shi)千萬不(bu)能(neng)(neng)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai);第(di)三次定(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)當樹(shu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達60—70厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)在第(di)2次剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)口上(shang)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)15—20厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)或離地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)45—50厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)平。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)經過(guo)3次定(ding)型修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou),蓬(peng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)和幅度(du)均達到一定(ding)的(de)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)要求,便(bian)可(ke)(ke)逐步投(tou)入正式采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai),要絕(jue)對防止(zhi)過(guo)早(zao)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)。春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)前(qian)期可(ke)(ke)多采(cai)(cai)名優茶(cha)(cha)(cha)、中(zhong)期可(ke)(ke)適當提(ti)(ti)早(zao)結束,在去(qu)年(nian)的(de)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)口上(shang)再提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)5—10厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)進行(xing)整形修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),把蓬(peng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)弧形,即可(ke)(ke)投(tou)入正常生(sheng)產(chan)。輕(qing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對于(yu)投(tou)產(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)來說,也需要每年(nian)進行(xing)輕(qing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或深(shen)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)效控制(zhi)樹(shu)冠高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du),另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)不(bu)斷更新生(sheng)產(chan)枝(zhi),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)樹(shu)冠面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)育芽能(neng)(neng)力(li)。同(tong)時(shi),運(yun)用合理采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)技術,適當留養(yang),合理控制(zhi)樹(shu)冠高(gao)(gao)(gao)幅度(du),只有(you)這(zhe)樣才能(neng)(neng)有(you)助于(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)樹(shu)冠始終保持旺盛的(de)育芽能(neng)(neng)力(li),以(yi)后(hou)樹(shu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)控制(zhi)在60—80厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)之間即可(ke)(ke)。
5、土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管理:茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)好壞,茶(cha)(cha)葉產(chan)量(liang)品(pin)(pin)質的(de)高低與施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)種類(lei)、數量(liang)密切相(xiang)關。按照綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)茶(cha)(cha)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術宜多施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質優、營養成(cheng)分完全(quan)的(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),這樣(yang)茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛(sheng),產(chan)量(liang)高、品(pin)(pin)質好。因(yin)此,應堅(jian)持合(he)理的(de)科學施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法,以重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(符合(he)NY5020用(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標準(zhun))為主,合(he)理配(pei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。冬施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)菜(cai)子(zi)餅(bing)(或花生(sheng)(sheng)餅(bing))300千(qian)(qian)克(ke),或施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬糞(fen)、雞糞(fen)1000千(qian)(qian)克(ke)、有(you)(you)機(ji)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)(qian)克(ke)、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)(qian)克(ke),混合(he)拌勻后(hou)在(zai)樹(shu)冠垂直(zhi)下(xia)(xia)方開深溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)蓋土(tu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時間在(zai)秋(qiu)(qiu)茶(cha)(cha)剛結束(shu)的(de)10—11月份前(qian)(qian)下(xia)(xia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)最好。早施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料在(zai)雨水的(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)分解加快,春茶(cha)(cha)萌發前(qian)(qian)即可吸收利用(yong)(yong)(yong),有(you)(you)利提(ti)高春茶(cha)(cha)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)(pin)質,而施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晚了(le)春茶(cha)(cha)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)上,到夏(xia)茶(cha)(cha)才能利用(yong)(yong)(yong),不(bu)(bu)利春茶(cha)(cha)品(pin)(pin)質的(de)提(ti)高。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也一(yi)樣(yang),一(yi)定要掌握施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時期(qi),圍繞春、夏(xia)、秋(qiu)(qiu)三(san)季(ji)茶(cha)(cha)芽萌發前(qian)(qian)20天(tian)左(zuo)右施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia),2齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園年追(zhui)純氮2.5—3.0千(qian)(qian)克(ke)/畝,3—4齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園年追(zhui)純氮5.0—7.0千(qian)(qian)克(ke)/畝,4—5齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園年追(zhui)純氮7.5—10千(qian)(qian)克(ke)/畝,分春、夏(xia)兩季(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)。成(cheng)齡(ling)采(cai)摘(zhai)茶(cha)(cha)園每(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)100千(qian)(qian)克(ke)干(gan)茶(cha)(cha)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)12—15千(qian)(qian)克(ke),分3次施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru),即2月底3月初力(li)爭早施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)催(cui)芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),5月中下(xia)(xia)旬追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),8月上旬追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秋(qiu)(qiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應開溝(gou)深10厘米,將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)蓋土(tu)。總之,不(bu)(bu)論是(shi)冬肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),適當早施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)晚施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效果好。適當多施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)質肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),可提(ti)高土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li),增加茶(cha)(cha)葉產(chan)量(liang),對產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)的(de)提(ti)高,特別是(shi)香氣、滋味(wei)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)最明(ming)顯。
6、鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai):鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培(pei)中(zhong)最后一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi),也(ye)(ye)是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加工(gong)(gong)第一(yi)(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序。鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)其(qi)幼嫩芽(ya)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)供加工(gong)(gong),從而獲(huo)得較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品價(jia)值。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此,鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅關系到(dao)當年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),又關系到(dao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)常(chang)年生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育,鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)與質(zhi)(zhi)又是(shi)制茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)(yuan)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)和(he)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。九(jiu)宮(gong)山茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)加工(gong)(gong)扁形茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)初展和(he)一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)占98%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。加工(gong)(gong)條形茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)二葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)占60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)三(san)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)占40%以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)如下(xia)(xia)(xia)三(san)個采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)(ze)。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)(yang)結合(he)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)(ze),幼齡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)技術(shu)(shu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),必須注意留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)養(yang)(yang),堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)養(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)為(wei)(wei)輔,保證(zheng)年生(sheng)長(chang)期內有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)批新葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)子(zi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)養(yang)(yang)在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠高幅度逐漸擴(kuo)(kuo)大。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)“五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)五(wu)養(yang)(yang)、量(liang)(liang)質(zhi)(zhi)兼(jian)顧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)(ze):成(cheng)齡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)標準(zhun),在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)集中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)集中(zhong)養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)(yang)技術(shu)(shu)。即“采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)養(yang)(yang)底、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)養(yang)(yang)側、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高養(yang)(yang)低(di)(di)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)密(mi)養(yang)(yang)稀、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)大養(yang)(yang)小”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)(ze),這(zhe)種(zhong)技術(shu)(shu)由(you)于采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)界限(xian)分明(ming),既能(neng)保持(chi)(chi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積進行光(guang)合(he)作用(yong)(yong),為(wei)(wei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)集中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)提供養(yang)(yang)分,促進多(duo)(duo)發(fa)芽(ya)和(he)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加分枝數(shu)(shu),擴(kuo)(kuo)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),從而達到(dao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、養(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)三(san)兼(jian)顧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此,在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)方法上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),手工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)清(qing)潔、通(tong)風(feng)性良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹簍盛裝鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)運送茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,防(fang)止鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)和(he)混(hun)入(ru)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)物質(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求提手采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜抓(zhua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)勻、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)凈,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夾(jia)帶鱗片、魚(yu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)果(guo)與老葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)宜早采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、嫩采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)多(duo)(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高中(zhong)檔茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),以(yi)(yi)(yi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)魚(yu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),夏茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),秋(qiu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)適當留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)(ze)。同時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)而留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅影(ying)響茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)產(chan)量(liang)(liang),也(ye)(ye)給茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育帶來(lai)(lai)較多(duo)(duo)弊(bi)端:(1)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)來(lai)(lai),會(hui)抑(yi)制和(he)推遲下(xia)(xia)(xia)輪新梢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌發(fa),減少采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)批數(shu)(shu);(2)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)所上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)空間位置(zhi),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片老化(hua)較快、生(sheng)理功(gong)能(neng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang),影(ying)響光(guang)合(he)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進行,也(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加養(yang)(yang)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗;(3)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)形成(cheng)開花結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)部位,生(sheng)殖性能(neng)力很強,又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)消耗大量(liang)(liang)養(yang)(yang)分;(4)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)在(zai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)形成(cheng)短小細弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗(rong)枝,冗(rong)枝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)能(neng)力很低(di)(di),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)形成(cheng)翌年有(you)(you)(you)效生(sheng)產(chan)枝,影(ying)響正常(chang)芽(ya)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)比例(li)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。從上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)述存在(zai)問題(ti)來(lai)(lai)看,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或少采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)代替留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)養(yang)(yang),也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)起到(dao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)養(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此,在(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)必須強調(diao)及(ji)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)。另(ling)外,有(you)(you)(you)條件時(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),但(dan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)應(ying)使用(yong)(yong)無鉛(qian)汽油(you)和(he)機(ji)油(you),防(fang)止污染鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)和(he)土壤(rang)。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)市場(chang)為(wei)(wei)導向、以(yi)(yi)(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)重點(dian)、以(yi)(yi)(yi)效益(yi)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)(ze):因(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)商品,競爭性強,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)(duo),而且需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)更好質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色食品茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。生(sheng)產(chan)適銷(xiao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品,投放(fang)市場(chang),讓(rang)消費者喝(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)干凈衛(wei)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“放(fang)心(xin)(xin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”,市場(chang)信譽(yu)高,銷(xiao)路廣,才會(hui)獲(huo)得好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此,鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)跟(gen)著(zhu)市場(chang)走,按照加工(gong)(gong)產(chan)品結構所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)料等(deng)級標準(zhun)進行采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)多(duo)(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高中(zhong)檔茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)(yuan)料,生(sheng)產(chan)名優(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)其(qi)效益(yi)最好。
7、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)控(kong)(kong):從(cong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)整個(ge)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)出發,綜合(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)各種農(nong)業技術(shu)措(cuo)施,創造不(bu)利于(yu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等有害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)物(wu)孳生(sheng)和(he)有利于(yu)各類天敵繁衍的(de)(de)環境條件,保(bao)護茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)的(de)(de)平(ping)衡和(he)生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)多樣性(xing)(xing),將有害(hai)(hai)物(wu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)允許的(de)(de)經濟(ji)閾值以(yi)下,將農(nong)藥(yao)殘留降(jiang)低到規定標準的(de)(de)范圍(wei)。以(yi)保(bao)證生(sheng)產的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)食(shi)品(pin)符(fu)合(he)(he)國(guo)家茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)衛(wei)生(sheng)質量指標。(1)農(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。綠色食(shi)品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)應以(yi)農(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為主,提高(gao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹自身抗(kang)性(xing)(xing),減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)與(yu)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)。選用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)良種,如鄂茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)8號、五峰212等品(pin)種。合(he)(he)理密植(zhi)(zhi),采用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)行雙(shuang)株(zhu)或雙(shuang)行單株(zhu)種植(zhi)(zhi)方式,畝(mu)植(zhi)(zhi)5000—6000株(zhu)。適時修剪,成齡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應根(gen)據不(bu)同的(de)(de)樹勢在(zai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)季(ji)(ji)結束(shu)(shu)或春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)前(qian)進(jin)行輕修剪,春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)結束(shu)(shu)后(hou)進(jin)行重修剪,并同時剪去枯弱枝(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)和(he)徒長枝(zhi)(zhi)。平(ping)衡施肥,根(gen)據生(sheng)產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)類和(he)土壤肥力(li)合(he)(he)理配比氮、磷(lin)、鉀三要素比例,保(bao)持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹營(ying)養平(ping)衡,增強(qiang)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力(li)。中耕除草(cao),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)深翻除草(cao),既能使有些害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)蛹和(he)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)暴露于(yu)地(di)表(biao)而死亡,又能減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)寄生(sheng)場所。分(fen)批多次采摘,此法(fa)可抵制(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)小綠葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蟬、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蚜(ya)的(de)(de)發生(sheng),也可減少部分(fen)螨類害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。冬季(ji)(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消毒,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)季(ji)(ji)結束(shu)(shu),將茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周的(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、雜草(cao)蒿桿清理出園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燒毀(hui)或深埋,同時噴施45%晶(jing)體石硫合(he)(he)劑(ji)封園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),以(yi)減少病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越冬基數,減輕來年(nian)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)。(2)生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。利用(yong)(yong)天敵昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)致病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)菌、農(nong)用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)素及其(qi)它生(sheng)防(fang)制(zhi)劑(ji)等控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為害(hai)(hai),利于(yu)保(bao)持生(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)衡。(3)普及物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。采用(yong)(yong)人工(gong)捕殺,減輕茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)麗(li)紋象甲等害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)危(wei)害(hai)(hai);利用(yong)(yong)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)趨性(xing)(xing),進(jin)行燈光(guang)誘(you)殺、色板誘(you)殺或異性(xing)(xing)誘(you)殺。
8、茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong):(1)扁(bian)形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu) 扁(bian)形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)在名優(you)茶(cha)(cha)中占比例最大,市場容量(liang)大。扁(bian)形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)制(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程為鮮(xian)葉(xie)攤(tan)(tan)放(薄(bo)攤(tan)(tan)6—10小(xiao)時)→殺青(鍋(guo)溫(wen)280oC殺青3-5分鐘(zhong)(zhong))→冷(leng)(leng)卻(風(feng)機(ji)協助冷(leng)(leng)卻)→理條(tiao)(tiao)(鍋(guo)溫(wen)160oC理條(tiao)(tiao)3—5分鐘(zhong)(zhong))→壓(ya)扁(bian)(鍋(guo)溫(wen)120oC5—8分鐘(zhong)(zhong))→煇鍋(guo)(鍋(guo)溫(wen)120oC—90o炒干)→歸堆→裝箱等8道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。使成(cheng)茶(cha)(cha)外形(xing)扁(bian)平挺直,香(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)持久,滋(zi)味濃(nong)爽。(2)條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)(炒青)茶(cha)(cha)的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu) 條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)又叫(jiao)炒青綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha),制(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程為鮮(xian)葉(xie)經攤(tan)(tan)放(薄(bo)攤(tan)(tan)6—10小(xiao)時)→殺青(鍋(guo)溫(wen)380oC殺青3—5分鐘(zhong)(zhong))→冷(leng)(leng)卻(風(feng)機(ji)協助冷(leng)(leng)卻)→揉捻(輕5分鐘(zhong)(zhong)重10分鐘(zhong)(zhong)輕3分鐘(zhong)(zhong)重加壓(ya))→炒二(er)青(鍋(guo)溫(wen)180oC5—10分鐘(zhong)(zhong))→回潮(薄(bo)攤(tan)(tan))→炒干(鍋(guo)溫(wen)90oC左右炒干)→歸堆裝箱等8道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。使成(cheng)茶(cha)(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)索緊結,色(se)澤(ze)油潤,湯色(se)嫩綠(lv)明亮(liang),天然香(xiang)(xiang)氣持久,滋(zi)味醇厚,葉(xie)底嫩勻。
經審核符(fu)合(he)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)的,九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)登記(ji)證書(shu)持(chi)有人,通(tong)山(shan)(shan)縣九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶葉(xie)協(xie)會(hui)應按(an)照生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)年(nian)度與(yu)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申(shen)請人簽訂(ding)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協(xie)議,在協(xie)議中載明適用(yong)(yong)(yong)數量(liang)、范圍及相關(guan)法律(lv)責任和(he)義(yi)務。協(xie)議有效期為3年(nian)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協(xie)議生(sheng)效后,標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人方可在九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)或者(zhe)九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)包(bao)裝上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并(bing)(bing)可以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)登記(ji)的地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行宣傳(chuan)和(he)參加(jia)展覽、展示和(he)展銷(xiao)活動。印(yin)刷農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應當(dang)符(fu)合(he)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識設(she)計(ji)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)規范手冊》要求。全國可追溯(su)防偽加(jia)貼型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部(bu)(bu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安全中心(xin)統一設(she)計(ji)制作(zuo),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人可以根據要求選擇使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。5.3使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權的撤銷(xiao)獲準使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的生(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)或經營(ying)者(zhe),存(cun)在下列(lie)情況之一的,由(you)登記(ji)證書(shu)持(chi)有人通(tong)山(shan)(shan)縣九(jiu)宮山(shan)(shan)茶葉(xie)協(xie)會(hui),撤銷(xiao)其標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)權,并(bing)(bing)報送(song)相關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門備案。
1、標志使用人未嚴格按照九宮(gong)山茶(cha)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)技術規范進行生產(chan)的。
2、生(sheng)產區域超(chao)出九宮山茶(cha)登記保護范圍的。
3、買賣、轉讓(rang)、加(jia)貼標志的。
4、有證據證明(ming)生產(chan)經營(ying)的(de)茶產(chan)品品質不符合質量控制技術規范要(yao)求的(de)品質特征和安全標準的(de)。
5、未按照規定要求建立九宮山茶標志使(shi)用(yong)制度及(ji)產(chan)品可追(zhui)溯(su)檔(dang)(dang)案(an),標志使(shi)用(yong)檔(dang)(dang)案(an),拒絕接受相(xiang)關部(bu)門(men)監督檢查的。
6、未經(jing)許(xu)可,標(biao)志使用(yong)人(ren)擅自在其他(ta)產(chan)品(pin)上擴(kuo)大(da)使用(yong)標(biao)志或超過(guo)協議期限使用(yong)標(biao)志的。
2019年,九宮(gong)山茶產地種植規模1200公頃(qing)。
2011年,通(tong)山縣(xian)九(jiu)宮山有機茶基(ji)地所屬商標“九(jiu)宮山”牌有機茶獲湖北省著名商標稱號。
2013年,九宮山(shan)茶葉(xie)生產(chan)專業合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)“九宮山(shan)”品牌(pai)茶葉(xie)獲(huo)2013年度全國(guo)供銷合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)“百(bai)佳(jia)標(biao)準化農產(chan)品品牌(pai)”稱號。
2019年1月(yue)17日,中華(hua)人民共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村部批準對“九宮山(shan)茶”實施(shi)國家農(nong)產品(pin)地理標志登記保護。
九宮山(shan)種植茶葉歷史悠久,晉代有“入武(wu)昌山(shan)采茗”的記載,咸寧屬武(wu)昌郡(jun),唯九宮山(shan)是大山(shan),“武(wu)昌山(shan)”當指九宮山(shan)一(yi)代,1958年和1980年兩次在(zai)這里發現古原生(sheng)茶樹后裔。
九(jiu)宮山(shan)茶(cha)根植于九(jiu)宮山(shan)的道教文化,宋代山(shan)上便有“茶(cha)寮觀”,《九(jiu)宮山(shan)志》載:“稚三峰高地,有茶(cha)一頃”。
咸寧赤壁是(shi)中國綠茶的(de)故鄉(xiang),茶葉的(de)栽培與加工,在赤壁有著悠久(jiu)的(de)歷史。全市有千畝(mu)以上茶場4個(ge),其(qi)中就(jiu)有通山(shan)闖(chuang)王的(de)虎頭山(shan)茶場。
2016年,九宮(gong)山茶葉生產專業合作社成功與清華大(da)學(xue)海峽關系學(xue)院簽約成為全國首家產學(xue)研(yan)一體的示范(fan)基地(di)。