環江(jiang)(jiang)木論(lun)喀(ka)斯特生態(tai)旅游景區(qu)位于廣西環江(jiang)(jiang)縣木論(lun)國家級自然保護區(qu)內,這里的喀(ka)斯特地(di)(di)貌,景觀奇特,有形(xing)態(tai)各異的錐形(xing)山、塔形(xing)山及其間的洼(wa)地(di)(di)構(gou)(gou)成的峰叢洼(wa)地(di)(di)和(he)漏斗(dou),具有極高(gao)的觀賞價值。2014年,“環江(jiang)(jiang)喀(ka)斯特”作為“中(zhong)國南方喀(ka)斯特”的主(zhu)要構(gou)(gou)成部(bu)分,被列入世(shi)界天然遺產(chan)名錄。
環江目(mu)前(qian)是世(shi)(shi)界(jie)幸存連(lian)片面(mian)(mian)積最(zui)大,保護最(zui)佳、原始性最(zui)強的(de)(de)喀斯特地(di)(di)(di)貌。這(zhe)里(li)于(yu)2014年第(di)38屆世(shi)(shi)界(jie)自然遺(yi)產(chan)大會上被評為世(shi)(shi)界(jie)自然遺(yi)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)。其(qi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)與地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)對可溶(rong)性巖(yan)石(shi)侵蝕(shi)(shi)與沉積,以及重力(li)崩塌、塌陷、堆(dui)積等作用(yong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了千姿百態(tai)和(he)巧奪天(tian)工的(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)穴奇景(jing)及景(jing)觀地(di)(di)(di)貌。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)沿灰(hui)巖(yan)內(nei)的(de)(de)節理面(mian)(mian)或(huo)(huo)裂(lie)隙面(mian)(mian)等發(fa)生(sheng)溶(rong)蝕(shi)(shi),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)溶(rong)溝(或(huo)(huo)溶(rong)槽),原先(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)層(ceng)分布的(de)(de)石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)被溶(rong)溝分開(kai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)柱或(huo)(huo)石(shi)筍。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)沿灰(hui)巖(yan)裂(lie)縫向下滲流(liu)和(he)溶(rong)蝕(shi)(shi),超過100米深(shen)后形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)落水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)。從落水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)下落的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)到(dao)含水(shui)層(ceng)后發(fa)生(sheng)橫向流(liu)動(dong),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)。隨著(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)下洞(dong)(dong)穴的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)發(fa)生(sheng)塌陷,塌陷的(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)大面(mian)(mian)積小(xiao),稱坍陷漏斗,深(shen)度(du)小(xiao)面(mian)(mian)積大則稱陷塘。地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)上升,原溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)下河等被抬出地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)干谷和(he)石(shi)林。在(zai)廣(guang)西境內(nei),經常可看(kan)到(dao)這(zhe)種抬升到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)。
木(mu)論(lun)保護(hu)區總面積(ji)10829.7萬(wan)平方米(mi),森(sen)林覆蓋率高(gao)達93.4%,屬于(yu)中亞熱帶石灰巖區常綠落(luo)葉闊葉混交林生態系統,是世界上喀(ka)斯特(te)地貌區幸存連片面積(ji)最(zui)(zui)大(da),完好性保存最(zui)(zui)佳(jia),原始性最(zui)(zui)強(qiang)的(de)喀(ka)斯特(te)森(sen)林和動植(zhi)物基(ji)因庫。保護(hu)區內有(you)動、植(zhi)物2500多種(zhong),其中瀕危的(de)國家二、三級保護(hu)動植(zhi)物38種(zhong)。目前,環江喀(ka)斯特(te)(以木(mu)論(lun)國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區為主要區域)申(shen)報世界自(zi)然遺產地已(yi)經成功(gong),將來將與桂林一(yi)起(qi)成為廣(guang)西(xi)旅(lv)游開發(fa)的(de)新(xin)一(yi)極。
古賓(bin)河(he)發源(yuan)于(yu)貴州,流經木論國家級保護(hu)區。這里風(feng)(feng)光(guang)秀麗、景色怡(yi)人,峽谷(gu)風(feng)(feng)光(guang)美不勝收,是旅游觀光(guang)絕好去處。古賓(bin)河(he)漂流項目更是獨(du)具(ju)特色、開心刺激(ji),以(yi)“灘長、彎多、水(shui)急、狹窄”有驚無(wu)險、激(ji)情四射而聞(wen)名。古賓(bin)河(he)漂流全長約9公里,全程漂約三個半小時。
茂密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始森(sen)林內(nei)深藏(zang)著一(yi)條(tiao)漢代(dai)古代(dai)商道(dao)(dao)(dao),保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區內(nei)這條(tiao)漢代(dai)古道(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)25公里(li)、跨黔桂兩省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)商道(dao)(dao)(dao),被稱為(wei)(wei)南(nan)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“絲綢之路”。古道(dao)(dao)(dao)分有九重(zhong)雄關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan):洞(dong)(dong)坦關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)峒平(ping)(ping)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、偉火關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)甘哥關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、下峒平(ping)(ping)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、洞(dong)(dong)滾(gun)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、木花關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、洞(dong)(dong)巧(qiao)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、黎明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)東起環江(jiang)縣川山(shan)鎮(zhen)社(she)村舊屯,蜿(wan)蜒(yan)深藏(zang)在神(shen)奇稀(xi)世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莽(mang)(mang)莽(mang)(mang)峰叢(cong)、蒼蒼林海中,橫(heng)斷山(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高峻嶺,萬(wan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)溝隘(ai)。西(xi)至黔桂兩省(sheng)交(jiao)界(jie)(jie)處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黎明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)北是(shi)貴州(zhou)省(sheng)荔波(bo)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)塘鄉(xiang)板寨屯,全(quan)長(chang)50里(li),全(quan)部用青石板鋪砌(qi)而成,路面平(ping)(ping)均寬度為(wei)(wei)1.24米,是(shi)歷代(dai)通(tong)聯桂、黔、川、滇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“官道(dao)(dao)(dao)”。沿途(tu)經(jing)過石拱橋一(yi)座,洞(dong)(dong)萍圩遺(yi)址一(yi)處(chu)(chu)河關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)九座。人工壘砌(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)均在險(xian)要處(chu)(chu),巨石砌(qi)筑,據(ju)說,古道(dao)(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)每一(yi)塊石板都鐫刻著歲(sui)月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風霜,每一(yi)條(tiao)山(shan)路 都珍藏(zang)著恒古的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。九關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)中下洞(dong)(dong)萍關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)與黎明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)最為(wei)(wei)氣派,這些關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口有古代(dai)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護官商農安(an)全(quan)往來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驛(yi)站、兵站遺(yi)跡(ji)。下洞(dong)(dong)萍關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)石墻(qiang)長(chang)28米,寬3.5,米,殘(can)高5.4米,城(cheng)門寬2米,高2.5米,城(cheng)墻(qiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)設訓道(dao)(dao)(dao),槍(qiang)眼,等防范設施,黎明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)黔貴之交(jiao)界(jie)(jie)地(di),關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)設城(cheng)樓,黔省(sheng)曾屯軍(jun)駐(zhu)守。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)樓已毀(hui),僅剩兩側城(cheng)墻(qiang),民十(shi)以前客(ke)商往來知悉由(you)此,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載。紅旗軍(jun)北上(shang)(shang)(shang)由(you)此經(jing)過,1944年侵華日軍(jun)從(cong)社(she)村進入貴州(zhou),于(yu)(yu)駐(zhu)守關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)北面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)慶軍(jun)激戰于(yu)(yu)黎明(ming)(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)前。2012年11月12日西(xi)安(an)人民政府公布為(wei)(wei)環江(jiang)毛南(nan)族(zu)自治縣第二批文物保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。稀(xi)世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始森(sen)林,滄桑(sang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)故事,神(shen)秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人文傳說。黔桂古道(dao)(dao)(dao)成為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個美麗(li)神(shen)奇,令人神(shen)往的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方。